Ngakhale kuti - Chitsime cha Arabiya - chinayambira ku Tunisia, chidwi chochuluka cha atolankhani kuno ku United States chasamukira ku Libya, Yemen, Egypt, Syria komwe mwa njira zina zovuta zimakhala zazikulu komanso zoopsa zikuchulukirachulukira. Zoonadi, Tunisia idakhala ndi zisankho zamtendere, zademokalase mu Okutobala 2011 ndipo ndondomeko ya ndale ikupitilizabe. Chodabwitsa, m'zaka za Ben Ali, Tunisia idakhazikitsidwa ngati mwana wamapulogalamu a IMF, omwe adathandizira kufooketsa chuma cha dziko ndikuyambitsa zipolowe. Mu nthawi ya Ben Ali, Tunisia ikugwiridwanso ngati chitsanzo !! - nthawi ino chitsanzo cha kusintha (koma kuchokera ku chiyani kupita ku chiyani?)
Koma m’dzikoli zinthu sizili bwino.
Mavuto azachuma ndi azachuma akupitilirabe kukula tsiku ndi tsiku. M’dziko lonseli muli sitiraka zatsiku ndi tsiku, zionetsero, zionetsero. Pafupifupi gawo lililonse lazachuma lakhala likunyanyala ngakhale m'magulu aboma kapena abizinesi, koma ulova ukupitilira kukwera ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa nthawi ya Ben Ali. Kunja kwa mizinda ikuluikulu ntchito za chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi za boma zinakhalabe zolumala; mpumulo wa infra-structural mkatikati palibe. Pomwe chipani chakale cha Ben Ali, Rassamblement Constitutionnel Democratique (RCD), idathetsedwa, ambiri omwe kale anali ochita masewerawa ndi osewera adapeza nyumba, kapena adapanga mtendere, ndi chipani chachikulu, Ennahdha, chipani chachisilamu chokhazikika chomwe chimathandizira. Neo-liberal economic policy and US strategic interests ku Middle East and Africa
Dongosolo lazachuma la boma latsopano siliri losiyana kwenikweni ndi la boma lochotsedwa; Unduna wa Zam'kati - gwero la kuponderezana, ngati si milandu yolimbana ndi anthu m'zaka za Ben Ali - sizinakhudzidwepo; komanso apolisi alibe, onse awiri omwe tsopano akuphatikizidwa ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti azitumikira zofuna za Ennahdha ndi kulimbitsa ulamuliro wawo wa ndale za Tunisia.
Arab Spring ya Tunisia ikukonzekera kukhala "kusintha konse kofunikira kuti mukhalebe ndi chikhalidwe" ngakhale zikondwerero zonse za 'kusintha'. Tsopano, kuti zinthu ziipireipire, china chake chatsopano komanso mwatsoka chobisika, makamaka m'mawu aku Tunisia, chikuchitika: kutuluka ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa gulu lachi Salafist (Islamic fundamentalist), gulu lomwe linalibe maziko otchuka kumpoto kuno. Dziko la Afirika lodziŵika bwino pandale ndi m’zipembedzo.
Mthunzi wa Salafist Ku Tunisia
A Salafist akuponya mthunzi wokulirapo komanso wokulirapo ku Tunisia. Ena anali ozunzidwa ndi ndende za Ben Ali omwe ukali wawo wolungama wagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ena alowa nawo gulu lalikulu la Tunisia lumpen proletariat - osagwira ntchito mpaka kalekale, omwe ziwerengero zawo zikukula. Ngakhale a Salafist akadali gulu locheperako, makamaka lachilendo kwa ndale zaku Tunisia, chikoka chawo chikufalikira. Ndalama zothandizira ntchito zawo zimachokera kunja.
Zinayamba chisankho cha 24 October 2011 chisanachitike kuti adziwe msonkhano wachigawo wa Tunisia. Poganizira mbiri yaposachedwa ya ku Tunisia komanso mitundu yake yachisilamu yofatsa, yololera, nkhondo yachisilamu yotsatizanatsatizana, kunyansidwa kwakukulu kumawoneka kodabwitsa, kopanda khalidwe. Zowonadi owonera ambiri - kuphatikiza inenso - adalemba izi ngati kampeni yocheperako ya anthu achangu, olipidwa kwambiri ndi akunja, akhale Saudi kapena Qatari, zomwe siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa.
Zoonadi, a Salafist adawonekera m'miyezi ingapo Zine Ben Ali ndi banja lawo atathawa mdzikolo pa Januware 14, 2011. Mazana angapo adachita ziwonetsero pamaso pa sunagoge wamkulu wa Tunis ndi mitu yawo iwiri ya Sharia ndi anti virulent anti. - Nyimbo zachiyuda. Kunyozedwa kwa amayi kunayamba nthawi yomweyo monganso mafoni owopseza komanso makalata osadziwika kwa atolankhani otsogola, azikhalidwe.
Ndiye patatsala milungu ingapo chisankho cha Okutobala 2011 chisanachitike, kampeni ya a Salafist idaphulika motsutsana ndi chojambula chojambula cha ku Iran `Persepolis' chomwe chidawonetsa chifaniziro cha Mulungu ngati nkhalamba yokoma mtima, Zowona chifaniziro cha Mulungu m'mawonekedwe amunthu chimawonedwa ngati chosavomerezeka mu Chisilamu. - china chomwe opanga mafilimuwo ayenera kuti amachidziwa - koma chodabwitsa zaka zingapo filimuyi idaseweredwa ku Tunisia popanda mikangano yaying'ono. Panthawiyi, zomwe ndingatchule kuti "mkuntho wopangidwa kale" unayambika, ndipo pamene zinatero, zokambirana zisanayambe chisankho zinachoka ku zovuta za chikhalidwe cha anthu, zomwe zinayambitsa chipwirikiti cha Tunisia poyamba ndipo m'malo mwake chinayang'ana kwambiri. zofunika kuti munthu akhale Msilamu wabwino osati nzika yabwino.
Kuyambira zisankho mpaka lero (kumayambiriro kwa June 2012), zinthu zangowonongeka komanso pamlingo wowopsa. Magulu achisalafist - ochulukirapo kuposa malaya a bulauni a Revolution ya Tunisia - adaukira nyumba zoulutsira nkhani, kuwotcha mipiringidzo ndi malo ogulitsa zakumwa, kuwopseza amayi, kumenya aliyense amene samagwirizana naye. Chiwerengero cha zochitika chachulukirachulukira pomwe boma losintha silinachitepo kanthu kuti lilowererepo, kupatsa a Salafists ufulu wadziko lonse.
Njira ya Ennahdha: Nkhope Yakumanzere Pamene Ikuyenda Kumanja
Ngakhale boma lomwe lilipo pano lili ndi mgwirizano wa zipani zitatu, ziwiri zomwe ndi zachipembedzo, chimodzi mwazomwe zimadziona ngati Chisilamu chokhazikika pazandale, ndiye Ennahdha, yemwe amayendetsa chiwonetserochi ndikuwongolera boma. Ndi mphamvu za pulezidenti zachotsedwa, ndi nduna yaikulu ndi nduna ya zamkati, amuna a Ennahdha, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri m'manja mwawo.
Kachitidwe ka Ennahdha kakumveka bwino - kupanga mgwirizano ndi zipani zachipembedzo (Marzouki [CPR] ndi Ettaktol) pomwe akupanga mgwirizano wachinsinsi - kapena wachinsinsi ndi a Salafist…pamodzi akugawana maudindo ochulukirapo m'boma latsopano la Tunisia ndipo akugwirizanitsa mphamvu. Mgwirizano wokhazikika (komanso walamulo) womwe Ennahdha ali nawo ndi Congress Pour la Republique (CPR) ndi Democratic Forum for Labor and Liberty (wotchedwa Ettakotal) wakhala wongowonetsa pang'ono, kwa mayiko akunja, kuwonetsa kumwetulira komanso 'kuwolowa manja. ' nkhope kumadzulo. Chofunikira kwambiri kwa Ennahdha mpaka pano chinali mgwirizano wake wosakhazikika ndi a Salafist omwe amawalola kuti azichita zinthu movutikira komanso omwe zochita zawo Ennahdha amalekerera kapena kuwiringula.
Kugawikana kwa ntchito pakati pa zingwe ziwiri zachisilamu kwakonzedwa. Ennahdha amadzidetsa nkhawa ndi ndale ndi zamalamulo pomwe a Salafist alibe zambiri kudzera mu 'kukambirana' koma m'malo mwake kudzera munjira zachifwamba adalimbikitsa mwachangu malo ake m'misikiti, masukulu ndi ma TV. Kuti gulu laling'ono ngati la Tunisia Salafist likhoza kupindula modabwitsa ndipo panthawiyi, kusokoneza dzikolo kuposa kale lonse, sizikanatheka popanda njira komanso nthawi zambiri kuthandizidwa ndi Ennahdha. Makanema apawailesi yakanema akhala akuwukiridwa; boma silinachite kalikonse, mabala ndi masitolo ogulitsa mowa adapsa m'malo ambiri pomwe apolisi ndi asitikali akungoyang'ana. Zisonyezero za zinthu zadziko zambiri zawukiridwa; boma limaimba mlandu anthu ozunzidwa, osati omwe amawaukira. Dean waku yunivesite adamenyedwa, palibe chomwe chidachitika kuti aletse owukira a Salafist, ndi zina.
Ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi amantha ndi malaya a bulauni ngati a Salafist a ku Tunisia, atapatsidwa kuwala kobiriwira ndi boma la Tunisia, zinthuzi zakhala zikulimba mtima, njira zawo zimakhala zaukali komanso zachiwawa, kotero kuti tsopano zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. lamulirani iwo mkati.
Pansi pa Radar Screen US Imathandizira Islamic Fundamentalism
Kwenikweni 'pansi pa chiwonetsero cha radar' nthawi zambiri - koma komwe kumafunikira - onse aku Britain ndi US akhala ndi ubale wautali komanso wokhalitsa wa ndale - mgwirizano ndi okhulupirira Chisilamu - ngakhale obwereranso kwambiri pakati pawo - kuti ateteze zomwe adapatsidwa. chidwi ndi Middle East.
A Salafist ku Tunisia akugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga momwe amachitira kale ku Middle East, 'kugawa ndi kugonjetsa'. Monga ku Egypt, choyamba, ntchito yawo ndikupumula pakukula kwachuma komanso ndale za Arab Spring zomwe zidakakamiza Ben Ali kuchoka ku mphamvu. Ngakhale kuti sizinaululidwe bwino m'ma TV aku US, akukhala ankhanza kwambiri m'njira zawo, akuukira demokalase, Asilamu omwe ali odziyimira pawokha komanso zinthu zakudziko pafupifupi momwe angafune. Kulimbikitsidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi ndalama kudera lonselo ndi Saudis ndi Qataris, ngakhale kuti amachitira nkhanza komanso achiwawa, a Salafists a ku Tunisia akuwoneka kuti amasangalala ndi chinachake choyandikira kutetezedwa kwa milandu. Kwa nthaŵi ndithu tsopano, akupatsidwa kuunika kobiriŵira kuti aukire mabungwe opita patsogolo ndi adziko popanda kanthu kena kopanda chilango; kuti akweze udindo wawo, tsopano chipani cha Salafist chikupatsidwa chilolezo chovomerezeka.
Zitsanzo za machenjerero a Salafist zakhala zikunenedwa pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kwa chaka chatha m'ma TV aku Tunisia, mu Chiarabu ndi Chifalansa, komanso tsopano mu bungwe lofalitsa nkhani zachingerezi, Tunisia Live. Kupereka zitsanzo zochepa chabe zaposachedwapa:
* Pa May 19 apitawa, ku Sidi Bouzid, tauni imene a Mohammed Bouazizi anadziphera mu December 2010, zomwe zinayambitsa chipwirikiti cha Chiarabu cha Tunisia “gulu lalikulu la asilikali achisalafi linatentha mipiringidzo komanso nyumba ya mwini bar pomenya nkhondo yolimbana nawo. kugulitsa mowa” (Tunisia Live! May 20, 2012). Apolisiwo anayankha pobwerera ku maofesi awo n’kudzitsekera.” Ponena za Asalafi munthu wina wokhalamo anati: “Ndimawadziŵa; ena mwa iwo anali zidakwa sabata yapitayo ndipo tsopano akudziyesa kuti ndi mawu a Mulungu ku Sidibouzid ", omwe adawatcha "Bouzidistan"
* Patangotha tsiku limodzi kuwotchedwa kwa bala la Sidibouzid, masauzande ambiri a gulu la Salafist anachita msonkhano wawo wachiwiri wapachaka, ulendo uno ku Kairouan. Ena atavala zovala zankhondo za ku Afghanistani ndi malupanga akupukusa, ena atavala ndevu zazitali, mikanjo ndi zisoti, anavundukula mbendera yawo pamwamba pa chipilala cha mzikiti wa mzindawo, wakale kwambiri mu Afirika ndi wachitatu wopatulika mu Chisilamu pambuyo pa Mecca ndi Yerusalemu. Nyimbo zawo zikuphatikizapo mawu monga "Tonse ndife ana a Obama [bin Laden], ndi "Khaybar, Khaybar, Ayuda, Ayuda asilikali a Mohammed abwerera" . Khaybar imanena za malo ku Saudi Arabia komwe Mtumiki Muhammad adatsogolera magulu ankhondo ake kupha ndi kuthamangitsa Ayuda.
Mmodzi mwa okonza msonkhano wa Kairoan, Ridha Bel Haj, yemwe amatsogolera chipani choletsedwa cha Hizb Ettahrir, poyesa kulembanso mbiri ya Arab Spring anati "Kusinthaku kudapangidwa kuti kuzizira kwa sharia kugwiritsidwe ntchito." (Zowonadi, Revolution ya Tunisia inalibe chochita ndi Chisilamu kapena Sharia - chinali chionetsero chotsutsa mikhalidwe yazachuma, kuponderezana kwakukulu kwa ndale. zowona!).
Izi ndi zaposachedwa kwambiri pazomwe zakhala zikukangana ndi a Salafist, zomwe zimayang'ana azimayi adzikolo, maphunziro, media, zikhalidwe komanso madera ochepa achipembedzo. Ngakhale boma losankhidwa lakhala likulankhula mobwerezabwereza pothandizira gulu lachiyuda la 1500 kapena kupitilira apo, a Salafist akhala akulankhula chilankhulo choyipa komanso choyipa chotsutsana ndi semitic. Otsatira awo aukiranso ndi kunyoza tchalitchi chokhacho cha Greek Orthodox ku Tunis.
Kusayankha kwa Ennahdha ku Salafist Offensive
Kodi boma la Tunisia lomwe lasintha lachitapo chiyani pa ziwawazi? Ayi ndithu. Ngakhale kuyitanitsa 'kukambitsirana' pakati pa a Salafist ndi zinthu zachisilamu zachisilamu ndi anthu achipembedzo, Ennahdha, mphamvu yaikulu ya ndale mumgwirizano wolamulira walola kuti a Salafists athamangire, akuukira zochitika zachikhalidwe, misonkhano ya ndale yomwe ikuyitanitsa demokalase ndi kuteteza ufulu wa amayi. Kuti zinthu ziipireipire, ngakhale kuti zipani zandale zachipembedzo ndizosaloledwa ndi malamulo aku Tunisia, chipani cha Salafist chatsimikiziridwa.
Pa Marichi 29 chaka chino, chipani chandale cha Salafist poyera chidapatsidwa chilolezo ndi Unduna wa Zam'kati. 'Insah' - monga momwe amatchulidwira m'Chiarabu, 'The Reform Front' amakankhira poyera kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko lachisilamu, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo a sharia ndi kubwerera ku Chisilamu 'choyeretsedwa' cha nthawi ya mneneri Muhammad (630 A.D. ).
Salafists sanachite nawo gawo lililonse pagulu lalikulu lomwe linagonjetsa boma la Zine Ben Ali mu January, 2011; a Salafist adachita nawo zisankho za Tunisia mu Okutobala 2011 ku msonkhano wachigawo ngati mndandanda wodziyimira pawokha koma adangopeza opanda mipando, osapambana mipando - ziwonetsero za momwe mitu ya Salafist ilili yodzipatula komanso yosagwirizana ndi gulu lazandale ku Tunisia. Chisankho chimenecho chidapangitsa kuti chipani cha Ennahdha - chipani chandale chodziwika bwino chachisilamu - chigwetse 42% ya mavoti. Insah adziyenereza kuyika anthu ofuna kuyimirira pazisankho zanyumba yamalamulo zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika chaka chamawa. Kuvomerezeka kwa Insah sikukanatheka popanda thandizo lolimba la Ennahdha makamaka utsogoleri wake, Rachid Ghannouchi ndi Prime Minister waku Tunisia Hamadi Jebali.
M'mawu ake pagulu, mneneri komanso woyambitsa Insah, Mohamed Khouja, anali wosamala kutsindika kuti "nsanja ya chipani sichikakamiza chilichonse, monga kuvala kapena machitidwe ena amunthu okhudzana ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku waku Tunisia." Khouja akuumiriza kuti Insah akudzipereka ku "zikhalidwe za boma" komanso kuti amalemekeza tsatanetsatane wa kuyesa kwa demokarasi mu ndondomeko yamtendere yochotsedwa ku mitundu yonse ya ziwawa ndi chidani m'magulu onse a ndale gulu likuimira Chisilamu chonse, osati gulu laling'ono logawika, Khouja ananena monyadira kuti: "Sitidzavomera kuukiridwa kulikonse pamasakramenti athu achipembedzo ndipo tidzayesetsa kufotokoza zofuna za Asilamu." Koma ndiye ndani amene akuimira gulu logawanika kuti alankhule m'malo mwa 'anthu achisilamu'?
Ngakhale funde la Islamophobia likuwononga chikhalidwe cha ndale kuno ku United States, ku Middle East, Boma la Obama limadzipeza likugwirizana ndi kupanga mgwirizano ndi, kumlingo wina, mphamvu zomwezo zomwe zimatsutsa kwambiri kunyumba. Zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zopitirira zana. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti 'mdani kunyumba' amakhala wothandizana nawo kunja komanso wosasinthasintha komanso woyeserera komanso wowona! Pamwamba pake zikuwoneka kuti maulamuliro osiyanasiyana aku US amatsutsana ndi Islamic fundamentalism - sichoncho chomwe nkhondo yolimbana ndi uchigawenga ikukhudza? Kutsutsa - ney - kuwononga Al Qaeda komanso ngati magulu? Palibe kukayikira kuti anti-Islamic hysteria - Islamophobia - yakwapulidwa kuyambira 9-11 (komanso kale).
Koma maonekedwe angakhale achinyengo. Choyamba aku Britain ndipo pambuyo pake a US akhala ndi mbiri yakale yogwirizana ndi magulu achisilamu omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito polimbana ndi kusakonda dziko la Arabiya. Izi zikupitirira ndipo zikukhalabe zofunika lero. Zodabwitsa momwe zingawonekere kwa omvera aku America, a Salafists akugwira ntchito zazikulu pothandizira mfundo za US Middle East. 1. Sizikuyimira chilichonse chochepa pakulimbana ndi kusintha kwapadziko lapansi - kutanthauza kuthetsa kukwera kwa demokalase ndi kubweza mmbuyo Arab Spring kuti asabweretse chitukuko chatsopano cha ndale chomwe chingatsutse zofunikira pazachuma za U.S. nkhawa. 2. Zochita zawo ku Tunisia ndi Egypt zikukwaniritsa zina, zomwe sizikambidwa kawirikawiri masiku ano: mogwirizana ndi kampeni ya Israeli yolimbana ndi Iran - imachotsa chidwi cha Israeli. Chifukwa chake adzalekerera ndi kulimbikitsidwa - ngakhale patali komanso kudzera mwa ma proxies a Saudi ndi Qatari.
Pomwe akunena kuti amatsutsa njira za malaya a bulauni a Salafist, kachiwiri, US ikusewera zomwe zikuwoneka ngati khadi la Salafist osati ku Tunisia kokha. Othandizira a Salafi kudera lonselo ndi ogwirizana awiri aku US - Saudi Arabia ndi Qatar omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi United States kuti ateteze zofuna za US ndi ndondomeko zazachuma za neo-liberal m'dera lonselo, ndondomeko zikugwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi NATO. Kutumiza zida zankhondo kuchokera ku Qatar ndi Saudi Arabia kupita ku magulu a Salafist omwe akutsutsa ku Syria kwatsekeredwa ku Lebanon posachedwa. Pali malipoti a jihadist aku Iraq akugwiranso ntchito ndi otsutsa aku Syria, ntchito zawo zoyendetsedwa ndi Saudis ndi Qataris, mwanjira ina yolumikizana ndi U.S.A. monga zidachitikira ku Afghanistan m'ma 1980. Masabata angapo apitawa, kukakamizanso zonena za boma la Syria, gulu lomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe ku Tunisia lidawulula kuti anthu aku Tunisia akusankhira anthu amtundu wa Salafist kuti nawonso amenye nkhondo ku Syria, kuyitanitsa kafukufuku, kutanthauza kuti boma lotsogozedwa ndi Ennahdha la Tunisia likugwirizanitsa mfundo zake zaku Middle East m'malo moyandikira. ndi azipembedzo za Saudi ndi Qatari.
US: Kusewera Khadi la Salafist Ku Middle East
Anthu aku Britain ndi aku US amakonda mawonekedwe odekha komanso "olunjika kumadzulo" a "maphwando achisilamu ochepa" monga Ennahdha ya Tunisia yomwe imati imalemekeza njira za demokalase. Koma zikafunika, London ndi Washington sanazengereze kugwirizana ndi anthu otengeka kwambiri - akhale Saudi Wahhabists kapena jihadists aku Syria. Kupatula mgwirizano wotsutsana ndi dziko la Aarabu womwe umagwirizanitsa mfundo zakunja za US ndi Asilamu, pali mgwirizano wamtundu wina: amawonana maso ndi maso pachuma. Mabungwe a Moslem Brotherhoods ku Egypt, Ennahdha ku Tunisia, ndi a Salafist kudera lonselo ali omasuka ndikuthandizira mtundu wa mfundo zazachuma zomwe United States ndi Europe zimatsata. Iwo atsutsa ufulu wa mabungwe ogwira ntchito, malamulo amphamvu a boma omwe amawongolera zachuma. Zikafika pazachuma cha neo-liberal, kutseguka kwamakampani akunja komanso kulowa kwachuma, Asilamu ndi opanga malamulo aku US akugwirizana kwathunthu.
Pamene Ennahdha ku Tunisia ikugwirizana ndi abale ake a Salafist kuti athetse vuto la Tunisia Arab Spring kuti lisinthe kukhala chilichonse chomwe chingasinthe kwambiri mfundo zachuma za dziko la neo-liberal komanso mgwirizano wake ndi United States, Washington ikuyang'ana modekha popanda ndemanga iliyonse yotsutsa. Dipatimenti ya Boma, palibe kutsutsidwa - kunena kukwiya - kuchokera ku zofalitsa za dzikolo pamene gulu lachisilamu lachisilamu likugwira ntchito m'dzikoli. Ambiri mwa ntchito zonyansa, chithandizo cha ndale ndi kayendetsedwe ka ndalama zili m'manja mwa Saudi ndi Qataris, palibe amene angathe kupita kuchimbudzi popanda chilolezo cha US. Lingaliro lakuti Obama Administration sadziwa zomwe zikuchitika ku Tunisia silodalirika.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama