Gregory Wilpert: Kodi zinthu zili bwanji kwa asitikali aku US omwe atsala pang'ono kupita patsogolo, ndiye kuti, kumanzere kwa Democratic Party?
Michael Albert: Ndikuganiza kuti yankho loyamba loona mtima ndikuti sitikudziwa, ndiye kuti, sipanakhalepo zowerengera zomwe ndikudziwa zomwe zimawululira kumanzere, mocheperapo zomwe anthu akuchita kapena omwe amakonda kuchita. . Vuto ndiloti yankho langa kapena yankho la aliyense likhala longopeka chabe. Ndikuganiza kuti pali anthu ambiri ku United States omwe atsala a Democratic Party, angaganize kuti chipanichi ndi chocheperapo pa zoyipa ziwiri, koma ndi osiyidwa ndi aliyense wa demokalase. Ndikuganiza kuti pali anthu ambiri ngati amenewo koma ndi olekana kwathunthu. Iwo sazindikira zachiwonetsero chilichonse, amangopereka ndemanga pazochitika za tsikulo pagome la chakudya chamadzulo ndipo ali okwiya koma sali mbali ya kumanzere.
Tiyerekeze kuti tikufunsani za anthu omwe ali ndi chitsutso cha ndale zachisankho ndipo amasiyidwa mozama. Tsopano ziwerengero zikutsika, koma ndikuganiza kuti akadali m'mamiliyoni a anthu ku United States. Koma ziwerengero za iwo omwe ali ndi ubale wofunikira wina ndi mnzake kapena kuchita chilichonse kupitilira kuwerenga ndikulankhula za ndale pagome la chakudya chamadzulo ndizochepa, zotsika kwambiri.
Kotero tsopano ife tikufika ku gulu laling'ono kwambiri, mwinamwake makumi angapo a zikwi. Awa ndi anthu omwe amachita nawo zochitika zapaderalo ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Mtendere ukhoza kukhala waukulu komanso wokhudza zachuma, nkhani zamtundu, nkhani za jenda. Anthu awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maubwenzi ndi anthu ena omwe amafunikira kwambiri koma amalumikizana ochepa kwambiri ndi anthu omwe sali patsogolo.
Chotsatira, ngati mukufunsa za malingaliro omwe atsala, kapena anthu omwe amadziwika mozungulira zonsezi ndi omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wogwira ntchito ndi anthu omwe amadziwirana ndi zonsezi, ndiye kuti ziwerengero zimatsika kwambiri. Komabe ndilo gawo lomwe kusintha kwamtundu uliwonse kumadalira. Ziribe kanthu kuti ndizovuta bwanji kapena zosintha kapena zoganizira kwambiri pa nkhani imodzi, anthu ambiri angakhale akuyang'anabe pa nkhani imodziyo ndipo palibe kusintha kwa nthawi yaitali ku dziko labwino lomwe likukhalamo.
Tsopano, tiyenera kufunsa, ndikuganiza, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukhala ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali odzipereka kwambiri komanso odziwa zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso omwe akufuna kukhala ndi mtundu watsopano wamakhalidwe kapena anthu. Ndikuganiza kuti izi zikufunsa kuti timalowetsa bwanji anthu mu gulu lalikulu kwambiri kupita ku gulu laling'ono ndi zina zoteroโฆ Ndikuganiza kuti zopinga ndi zambiri koma mosiyana ndi anthu ena ambiri, ndikuganiza kuti chofunikira kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya boma, kuopa apolisi, zinthu ngati zimenezo, zomwe anthu ambiri amaziloza poyamba. Ndikukayikira kuti zinthuzo ndi zenizeni koma zazing'ono ponena za kulepheretsa anthu kukhala mbali yakumanzere. Ndikuganiza kuti chofunika kwambiri ndi makhalidwe a kumanzere. Ndiko kuti, chizoloลตezi cha anthu omwe ali mu chipani cha Democratic Party ndipo osapitirira zolinga zake, kotero kuti sakhala m'gulu lalikulu loyambalo, ndiyeno mpaka pansi ... mwina kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kumverera kuti kutenga sitepe ina ndikulowa mu misala. Kumayamba kukulitsa kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa, ndi kuwawa, kaya mozindikira kapena ayi. Anthu amawopa sitepe yotsatira ya kudzipereka kokulirapo ngati akuwona kuti kutengako kumapindula pang'ono komanso kumawononga ndalama zambiri pakukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso malingaliro awo komanso kuthekera kwawo kuchita bizinesi yawo yatsiku ndi tsiku. Kotero ndicho chopinga chimodzi. Njira yokhayo yothetsera chopingacho ndi kukhala ndi mayendedwe ndi mabungwe omwe ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo wa anthu ukhale wabwino m'malo moipitsitsa akatenga gawo lowonjezeralo.
Chopinga chotsatira, chomwe chiri chogwirizana ndi choyambiriracho, ndicho kudzimva wopanda chiyembekezo ndi kuthedwa nzeru ponena za kupita patsogolo. Kotero ngati pafupi ndi tebulo la chakudya chamadzulo wina akufunsani zomwe mukuganiza za kuukira kwa Libya kapena zochitika ku Wisconsin, muli ndi maganizo. Koma ponena za kuchitapo kanthu pa lingaliro limenelo mwanjira iriyonse, mukuona kuti ndikungotaya nthaลตi chifukwa palibe chimene chingapindule ndipo zimatenga nthaลตi ndipo zingaphatikizepo kukulitsa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa pali kumvetsetsa kochepa kwa momwe mumapindulira kusintha ndi momwe zingathekere kuti mupambane kusintha, komanso, pamlingo waukulu kwambiri, momwe kungakhalire kuti mupambane kusintha, osati pa nkhani imodzi yokha komanso kupeza phindu lonse. dongosolo latsopano la chikhalidwe cha anthu. Pali masomphenya kapena malingaliro ochepa, anthu sakudziwa, anthu samva ngati zomwe akuthandizira kuti ziwonetsedwe zithandizira zomwe akufuna. Chifukwa chake ndikuganiza kuti awa ndi ena mwamavuto akulu.
Mantha ena, zolepheretsa pang'ono ndi zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi munthu waku United States. Zina mwazinthuzi zomwe titha kuthandiza nazo, titha kukhala ndi mayendedwe omwe amakhala oteteza komanso mayendedwe omwe ngati chimodzi mwazofuna zawo zimamasula nthawi ya anthu. Gawo lachiwiri ndi kuyembekezera kwa anthu kuti azidzipatula komanso kukhumudwa ngati atenga nawo mbali pa sitepe ina kumanzere, kuwonjezereka, ndi zina zotero, popanda phindu lenileni. Pomaliza pali kuthedwa nzeru komanso kusowa chiyembekezo kwakuti palibe njira ina ndipo chifukwa chake ngakhale kuchita zinthu mwachidwi ndikungotaya nthawi chifukwa "sindikufuna kukhala mbali ya izi, anthu openga okha ndi amene amachita zimenezo."
GW: Kotero izo zikumveka ngati bwalo loipa, ngati mbali imodzi mukunena kuti anthu amakana kutenga nawo mbali chifukwa cha kukhumudwa komanso chifukwa cha mantha awo, ndipo kumbali ina, kuti alowe nawo, mtundu wina wa bungwe ndilofunika, koma kachiwiri sitingakhale ndi bungwe popanda anthu kulifuna ndikuthandizira - ndiye izi ndizovuta kwambiri, kodi ndi zolondola?
MA: Inde. Ndipo tiyenera kupeza njira yothyola maloko. Koma zimenezi siziyenera kutidabwitsa. Tikayang'ana chifukwa chomwe kumanzere sikuli kokulirapo komanso kothandiza, pambuyo pake, tiyenera kuyembekezera kuwona vuto lalikulu komanso lovuta chifukwa ngati sitikuwona, ndiye chifukwa chiyani kumanzere sikunakhalepo pamagawo onse omwe tidalankhula. za kale, zakula kwambiri m'zaka makumi anayi zapitazi? Payenera kukhala zopinga zazikulu - tikadagonjetsa zazing'ono kalekale. Ngati muyang'ana ndipo osawona zopinga zazikulu, simunawone bwino. Kotero ine ndikugwirizana nanu, ndithudi ndi bwalo loipa. Ndilo vuto kuti tigonjetse.
Chinthu chimodzi choyenera kudabwa ndi chifukwa chiyani chabwino chikuwoneka kuti chikuchita bwino kwambiri?
Phwando la tiyi ndi losangalatsa kwambiri - osati kokha, chifukwa amakopanso tsankho ndi mantha ndi zina zotero - koma kumlingo wochuluka amanenanso kuti yang'anani, miyoyo yanu ndi yachisokonezo, pali ululu ndi kuzunzika ndipo pamenepo. ndi anthu olemera amphamvu omwe akupindula ndi izi ndipo tiyenera kusonkhana pamodzi ndikubwezeretsa dziko lathu. Ndikupempha anthu kuti โatuluke pazikhalidwe,โ zomwe timapemphanso. Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani amachita bwino?
Eya, amachita bwinoko pang'ono chifukwa ali ndi ndalama zambiri, chifukwa ali ndi zinthu zambiri, chifukwa mukalumikizana nawo simukuwoneka ngati mukuchokera ku Neptune kupita kugulu - polowa nawo mumangowoneka ngati kuti. ife. Tikuganiza kuti ndizodabwitsa, koma kwa anthu ambiri mumawoneka wokwiyira chinthu chomwe aliyense amakwiyira, chifukwa simutenga kumanzere, komwe kumanyozedwa. Chinthu chabwino chokhudza kuzungulira koyipa, komabe, ndikuti imatha kugwira ntchito ziwiri. Mukangopita zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana. Chifukwa chake phwando la tiyi likayamba, tsopano pali chiyembekezo, kukwera kwina, ndipo kumakula.
Chinthu chomwecho ndi Igupto. Iwo anachoka pang'ono, kupita ku zazikulu, mofulumira kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa chakuti akugonjetsa kupanda chiyembekezo. Sizili ngati kuti aliyense mwadzidzidzi anakhala wanzeru kwambiri kapena wodziwa zambiri. Onse ankadziwa zomwe ankaganiza za Mubarak masabata khumi m'mbuyomo, nawonso. Sizimene zimachitika. Zomwe zimachitika ndikuti chiyembekezo chimakwera, ndipo kumverera kochita bwino kumawuka. Anthu amayamba kumverera, ngati ndituluka m'misewu ya Cairo chinachake chingachitike, tikhoza kupambana chinachake. Mosiyana ndi anthu pano amamva, ngati ndituluka m'misewu ku Washington, ndiye kuti nditaya tsiku lomwe nditha kugundidwa, nditha kuwoneka ngati chitsiru kwa anzanga. Ndimakhala wotalikirana kwambiri. Ndiye ndichitirenji zimenezo? Nkosavuta kwa ine kunyoza anthu amene amachita zimenezo kusiyana ndi kupirira kunyozedwa. Chotero kwa kanthaลตi mkhalidwe woipa wa kupanda chiyembekezo uli wovuta kwambiri kuugonjetsa. Bwererani ku nthawi ya Nkhondo ya Vietnam. Kalelo silinali funso la kusowa kwa masomphenya komwe kunabweretsa kusowa chiyembekezo, kusowa kwa chiyembekezo chokhazikika, chinali chakuti kutsutsana ndi nkhondo kunali kosagwirizana, kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi anthu ambiri, mosiyana ndi chikhulupiriro chodziwika bwino ku America, kuti izo zokha zinakupangani inu pariah. Kotero pachiyambi panali nsomba-22, popeza mulibe kayendetsedwe kake, anthu amayenera kupita kunja kukayankhula ndi anthu odana ndi nkhondo omwe anali anthu asanu ndi limodzi, awiri mwa iwo anali a hecklers. Amenewo anali masiku oyambirira. Koma patapita zaka zingapo, sipanapite zaka zambiri, linakhala gulu lomwe linali kusesa mโdzikolo. Zomwe zidachitika zinali malingaliro, zikhulupiliro zidatsutsidwa ndikugonjetsedwa. Imeneyo inali ntchito yosiyana ndi imene tikuyangโanizana nayo tsopano, chifukwa ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyana pa ntchito.
GW: Izi zimandifikitsa ku funso langa lotsatira, lomwe limakufunsani kuti muyang'ane mbiri yakale. Kodi munganene kuti zolimbikitsa za ku US zayamba bwanji zaka 50 zapitazi? Ngati panali chiwopsezo chambiri chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60 ndi koyambirira kwa 70, n'chifukwa chiyani chinagwa kuyambira nthawi imeneyo?
MA: Choyamba, nโchifukwa chiyani zinayamba kuyenda? Anthu adzanena zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pali zinthu zambiri, koma zomwe ndikufuna kunena ndikuti anthu adakwiya. Nโchifukwa chiyani anakwiya? Iwo anakwiya chifukwa anazindikira kuti zonse zinali zabodza. Ngati mubwerera ndikuyang'ana nyimbo ndi nyimbo, kapena mumafunsa anthu omwe analipo, ndipo muli ndi cholinga pa izi - ndi zomwe zinachitika. Anthu anazindikira kuti ananyengedwa, ananyengedwa, anapeza kuti zonsezo zinali zabodza, kuti zonsezo zinali zachinyengo. Kotero mwa kuyankhula kwina, panali mavumbulutso okhudza tsankho, za nkhondo, za umphawi, za kugonana. Mโzochitika zirizonse anthu anali kupeza kuti kupanda chilungamo kwina kumene iwo ankadziลตa kulipo, kunali koipitsitsa kuposa mmene amaganizira. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, mwina mumadziwa kuti mukuchitiridwa nkhanza ndi mwamuna wanu, koma simunadziwe chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi udindo womwewo, ndipo simumadziwa kuti chinali ponseponse, kuti sichinali. osati munthu woyipa yemwe mwakhala naye, koma china chake chachikulu, chokhazikika. Mumadziwa kuti pali kusankhana mitundu, inde, koma simunapeze kukula kwake, ndipo simunazindikire momwe zinalili, kachiwiri, mwadongosolo. Nkhondoyo inali vumbulutso loyamba lalikulu lomwe linakhudza anthu onse. Mumaganiza kuti United States ndi wosewera wabwino, wosamala, wokonda ufulu, koma kenako mudapeza kuti United States ndi wosewera woyipa, kuti United States ikuchita zoyipa izi ndipo mudakwiya ndipo ndipamene gulu la achinyamata anaphulika ndi mkwiyo. Phatikizani izi ndikukana moyo wanthawiyo - ndipo pali zomwe zimatchedwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi.
Tsopano, kusiyana pakati pa nthawiyo ndi tsopano ndikuti ndikosatheka kubwerezanso izi. Chifukwa chake sikutheka kuchita chimodzimodzi ndi chifukwa palibe chomwe chimadabwitsanso aliyense. Tinadabwa, ndithudi, ndi mavumbulutsidwe a chisalungamo, kalelo. Tsopano, ziribe kanthu zomwe mungawululire, yankho liri, "Chabwino, aha, eya, zedi amachita zimenezo, ndikumva." Aliyense tsopano akudziwa, pamlingo wina, zomwe tidayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika mu '67, '68,' 69, '70, kuti anthu azindikire. Ndipo pamene anazindikira, โO Mulungu wanga, izi nzoipa,โ iwo anayamba mwachipongwe.
Masiku ano aliyense akudziwa kuti ndizowopsa, pamlingo wina wozama. Mutha kuziwona pachikhalidwe chonse chodziwika bwino. Mutha kuzimva patebulo lililonse la chakudya chamadzulo. Choncho sizingachitike chimodzimodzi. Palibe chochititsa chidwi chowululira. Ndiye zomwe zidachitika ndiye zidakula, zidakwiya, anthu adaganiza kuti asintha dziko koma sizinali zophweka. Chotero patapita nthaลตi anthu anayamba kutopa, kukhumudwa, kuyamba kukayikira zimene anali kuchita, makamaka ponena za kusintha chitaganya. Ndipotu zambiri zinasintha. Nkhondo itatha, phindu lalikulu linapangidwa pa nkhani za ufulu wachibadwidwe, za jenda, ngakhale pa umphawiโฆKupita patsogolo kwakukulu, koma nthawi yomweyo, zida zochepa zokhalitsa zomwe zidatulukira. Kubwereranso pamlingo waukuluwo wa kusonkhanitsa ndi kulinganiza kunakhala kovuta kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe adachita nawo gulu la no-nukes, pafupifupi zaka khumi pambuyo pake, kapena ku Nicaragua kapena El Salvador, m'gulu la ogwira ntchito, m'magulu a jenda ndi mtundu, manambalawa anali ochuluka kwambiri, koma kusiyana kunali kuti anthu 'osakhala ndi mkwiyo, mzimu, kapena chikhumbo chofuna zonse ndi kuzifuna tsopano, zomwe zidadziwika m'ma 60. Chifukwa chake idakhala magulu omwe amayesa kupambana zinthu zofunika, koma nthawi yomweyo anthu omwe anali m'magulu amenewo anali kuyesetsa kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino. Mโzaka za mโma 60 munthu ankayesetsa kuti apambane zinthu zofunika mwamsanga, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ankangoganiza kuti moyo sudzayenda mofanana ndi mmene unalili komanso kuti udzasinthidwa.
Kuti tibwererenso kumalingaliro osinthikawo, omwe amatsogolera ku mgwirizano weniweni ndi nkhondo, kumafuna masiku ano, popeza tsopano tikumva kuti zonse ndi zachinyengo, kuti anthu adziwe kuti zonse sizoyipa chabe koma zachigawenga zowopsa komanso zosafunikira chifukwa pali njira ina. Malinga ngati anthu akuganiza kuti palibe njira ina, nโchifukwa chiyani ayenera kukwiya? Simukwiyira khansa kapena kukalamba - mwina pang'ono, koma simupanga gulu lazinthu izi. Pamene simukuganiza kuti pali njira ina yosinthira dziko monga tikudziwira, kupatulapo mโdera lina lalingโono limene mungapinduleko pangโono, makamaka powononga munthu wina mโdera lina, ndiye kuti simugwira ntchito. zovuta kwambiri kupanga gulu lofuna kusintha anthu onse, chifukwa mukuganiza kuti palibe chinthu choterocho. Chifukwa chake, kusowa kwa masomphenya ndiko gawo lalikulu kwambiri kapena vuto, ndikuganiza.
Koma palinso zina zofunika structural. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za m'ma 60, masukulu adaphulika ndipo kumlingo waukulu poyamba anali m'masukulu apamwamba. Ngati muyang'ana zachitetezo chapasukulu posachedwa, komabe, masukulu apamwamba anali chete. Anali makoleji ogwira ntchito omwe anali okhudzidwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chiyani? Eya, dongosololi linazindikira kuti kunali kulakwa kwakukulu kupatsa anthu chuma chambiri ndi chidaliro mโmasukulu apamwamba ndi kusakhala osamala kwambiri kuti atsimikizire kuti atsatira. Chifukwa chake zambiri zidachitika pankhani yokweza chindapusa cha masukulu osankhika ndikupangitsa anthu kukhala ndi ngongole, ndipo adachita bwino kwambiri, mukamawona quiescence wachibale pamasukulu osankhika. Choyipa chake ndi chakuti m'malo omwe anthu ali ndi mwayi wambiri, ufulu wambiri wosuntha, satero, choncho ndipang'onopang'ono kuti gulu la achinyamata liziyenda. Komabe, chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti, ikangoyamba kutsogozedwa ndi ophunzira osauka, ophunzira ogwira ntchito, motero zikhala zokulirapo komanso zofunika kwambiri ku tsogolo la dziko.
Kwenikweni, kusiyana pakati pa tsopano ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndikuti kumbuyoko tikhoza kupanga gulu lachigawenga lachigawenga lomwe limadziwona lokha kukhala laukali kwambiri, lomwe limadziona ngati likukonzekera gulu latsopano, lomwe linakhala maziko a moyo wa otenga nawo mbali, koma. kwenikweni sichinali chirichonse cha zinthu zimenezo, pamapeto pake, chifukwa chinalibe zomangira zokhalitsa, chinalibe malingaliro ogwirizana kapena masomphenya ochitira zinthu zimenezo. Tsopano, tili ndi vuto lomwe sitingathe kukhala ndi gulu lalikulu komanso lankhondo komanso lokwiya, pokhapokha ngati ndi gulu lomwe likufuna kusintha anthu onse ndikukhulupiriradi kuchita zimenezo. Ngati izi ndi zoona, ndiye kuti ntchito yaku US yomwe yatsala sikungokhalira kukamba za kupanda chilungamo kwa zinthu zina - osati kuti sitiyenera kuchita izi mwanjira ina - koma chifukwa chomwe sichinali chofunikira kwambiri. m'mbuyomu ndi chifukwa aliyense amadziwa mazana a zifukwa zenizeni zomwe ziri zoipa. Kuchita zimenezi nโcholinga chofuna kuwatsimikizira zinthu zimene akuzidziwa kale. Ngakhale ufulu ukudziwa! Kungoti iwo amaganiza kuti kuvutikako nโkosapeลตeka; Ndi choipa chofunikira kwa iwo.
Ntchito yeniyeni, m'malo mwake, ndikuwonetsa kuti pali njira ina yogwirira ntchito, komanso kuti apa pali zopindulitsa zazing'ono zomwe tingapambane tsopano ndipo apa pali kusintha kwa nthawi yaitali komwe kumawunikira vutoli ndipo ndilo mapeto a nthawi. zoyesayesa izi ndi zofunika nthawi yathu. Ngati titha kufotokozera izi, masomphenya ndi njira, ndiye kuti tikupereka chidziwitso chomwe chingapitirire mkwiyo, kudzipereka kwenikweni, kukhudzika kwenikweni, zonse mumayendedwe olemera osiyanasiyana komanso otakata omwe angapangitse miyoyo ya anthu kukhala yabwino komanso yomwe ingapindule ndikusintha. anthu. Koma popanda kuyankhulana ndi masomphenya ndi ndondomeko - ngati tingathe kuuza anthu izi zowawa, zowawa, izi ndizosalungama, ndizopanda chilungamo, ndiye ndikuganiza kuti sitifika patali.
GW: Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani pankhani yokonzekera konkire? Kodi udindo wa ndale zachisankho ungakhale wotani, mwachitsanzo? Mukunena za kulinganiza kotani?
MA: Kaya munthu akukhudzidwa ndi masomphenya osintha dziko latsopano ndi kudzipereka kwa moyo wonse kuti akwaniritse, kapena kungokhumudwa ndi zochitika zinazake, amakonzekerabe nkhondo, umphawi, masoka achilengedwe, kupitirizabe kugonana ndi tsankho. Kotero zomwe zikuyang'anabe zimakhalabe. Kusiyana kuli pa zomwe mumachita. Chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimakhala chosiyana mukamakonzekera zinthu izi molingana ndi masomphenya a nthawi yayitali ndikuti mumalankhula za izi ndikuzifuna m'njira zomwe zimatsutsa dongosolo lonse, m'njira zopititsa patsogolo zomwe anthu amalonjeza komanso kuganiza mozama. chomata. Mumalumikiza zolinga zanthawi yochepa izi; muli ndi mayendedwe mozungulira aliyense kumathandizira mayendedwe mozungulira ena. Mumamenyera kupindula kwakanthawi kochepa m'njira zomwe zingakhale zosiyana ngati mutamenyera nkhondo pamene zonse zomwe mukuyang'ana ndizo zomwe mukulimbana nazo. Kusiyanitsa ndi momwe mumayankhulira, mitundu ya malingaliro omwe amatuluka muzokambirana ndi zomwe zimatsogolera ku zofuna zina ndikupitiriza kumenyana m'malo mopita kunyumba. Umu ndi momwe mumamangira bungwe lomwe silimangokhalira kukwaniritsa chinthu chimodzi kenako ndikuwononga, koma lomwe ladzipereka kubweretsa gulu latsopano komanso kuti mupambane chinthu chimangokhala champhamvu komanso chanzeru komanso chokhoza kupambana zambiri, m'malo mopambana. kupita kunyumba. Izi ndizosamveka bwino ndipo zingatenge nthawi yochuluka kuti mupereke zitsanzo zenizeni. Ndi malingaliro osiyana ndi njira yosiyana.
Anthu ena amaganiza kuti pamene mukumenyera X muzingolankhula za X, musamayankhule za Y kapena Z. Mfundo yake ndi yakuti ngati mumangoganizira zopeza X ndiye mumangokambirana nkhani imodzi yokha ndipo simumatero. kukhumudwitsa aliyense. Koma bwanji ngati mumasamala kulimbikitsa X mukangoipeza, nanga bwanji ngati mumasamalanso zopeza Y, W, ndi Z? Kenako malingaliro amayamba kufooka ndipo zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikumenyera X m'njira yomwe imakamba za X kutsogolera kupitilira nkhani imodzi. Chifukwa chake mumalankhula za malipiro apamwamba, titi, ngati nkhani imodzi, koma pamene mukumenyera malipiro apamwamba mumakamba za izi m'njira yomwe imatsogolera kumvetsetsa kuti ndalama zolungama zingakhale zotani ndipo zingatsogolere ku yotsatira. zofuna, kuti apeze ndalama zambiri mwachilungamo.
Chinthu chachiwiri chimene mukuchita ndikumangirira zinthu izi pamodzi ndikukulitsa mgwirizano weniweni. Tinene kuti tinali ndi gulu ladziko lonse mozungulira sabata lalifupi lantchito popanda kusintha kwa ndalama kwa omwe ali kumapeto. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, amagwira ntchito zochepa koma amapeza ndalama zofanana ndi zomwe zilipo panopa. Ndipo pamapeto pake amagwiranso ntchito zochepa, koma amapeza ndalama zochepa. Kotero ndikugawanso ndalama kuchokera pamwamba. Ngati tikumenyera nkhondoyi, yomwe ndikuganiza kuti ingakhale kampeni yabwino kwambiri yomenyera nkhondo, sikuti ndikugawiranso ndalama, koma imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti apambane phindu lochulukirapo chifukwa anthu amakhala ndi nthawi yambiri - kwambiri, phindu lofunika kwambiri. Ndiyeno ndikuganiza kuti mukumenyera nkhondo m'njira yoti izi ndi zomwe zilidi zolungama, kuti anthu ayenera kulipidwa kwa nthawi yayitali yomwe amagwira ntchito, molimbika bwanji, chifukwa cha kuuma kwa ntchito yawo. Osati kokha kuti osauka achuluke, koma ayenera kukhala akupeza zambiri kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito zolemetsa kwambiri. Kodi mumanyanyala? Zedi. Kodi mukadali ndi misonkhano? Zedi. Mumachita zinthu zonsezi, komabe, ndi muyezo kuti pochita izi muyenera kukopa anthu ambiri, osachepera. Ndi muyeso kuti muyenera kupanga moyo mu gulu bwino osati zoipa kwa iwo amene ali mmenemo. Komanso ndi muyezo woti mukweze ndalama zamagulu kuti mupambane zomwe mukufuna kuti mupambane.
Ndiye udindo wa ndale zachisankho ndi chiyani? Sindikudziwa. Ine sindikuganiza kuti aliyense amatero. Lingaliro lakuti pali zifukwa zomveka zomwe zilibe malo kumanzere sizimveka kwa ine. Lingaliro lakuti payenera kukhala chifukwa chomveka chomwe chiyenera kukhala ndi malo oyambirira sichimvekanso kwa ine. Funso ndilakuti ngati ndale zachisankho zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pano kapena m'tsogolomu ngati gawo la njira zambiri zomwe gulu lamanzere limagwiritsa ntchito kuti lipindule kwambiri, kuti apambane mphamvu zambiri, kupambana anthu ochulukirapo, pomwe akukhala nthawi zonse. wokhoza kuchitabe zigonjetso zambiri. Ena angaganize kuti tingagwiritse ntchito ndale zachisankho m'njira yomwe idzadzutse chidwi, zomwe zidzatipatse mwayi wopeza chuma ndi mphamvu zolimbitsa chiyembekezo chathu, ndipo zidzabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa nthawi yaitali. Wina akhoza kuganiza kuti, ayi, ndi mapeto ake chifukwa machitidwe a ndale zachisankho ndi zotsatira zake pazochitika zathu ndi malingaliro athu ndikuchepetsa luso lathu, kuchepetsa mphamvu zathu zopambana kusintha, kusokoneza chikumbumtima chathu, kufooketsa chiyembekezo chathu. , ndi zina.
Funso lalikulu kwambiri siliri lingaliro lotani limene mumakhulupirira, koma kodi mumatani ngati pali malingaliro aลตiri oterowo? Ndikuganiza kuti yankho ndiloti, sizikupanga nzeru kulimbana ndi izi. Anthu omwe amaganiza kuti ndale zachisankho ndizolakwika ayenera kukhala okondwa ngati wina akuwonetsa kuti ndi lingaliro labwino. Iwo sayenera kuganiza kuti ndi maganizo oipa ndi kufuna kulondola kuti ndi maganizo oipa. Ayenera kuganiza kuti ndi malingaliro oyipa kufuna kulakwitsa chifukwa lingaliro lililonse labwino losintha limakhala lopindulitsa pazokambirana zawo.
Anthu amene amaona kuti nโzabwino ayenera kuganiza kuti akulondola koma osaona kuti sangavomereze kulakwa. NGATI alakwa, ayenera kuthokoza chifukwa chowapeza, kuti athe kuyesetsa kuchita bwino.
Mphindi yomwe tili ndi malingaliro awa, kwenikweni, ndikuganiza kuti ndi malingaliro amodzi omwe amachititsa kuti apambane pa ego, moona mtima, kumene cholinga ndi kupambana osati kukhala olondola pa chisankho china, ndiye lingaliro lofufuza zambiri kuposa kusankha liri lomveka. . Amene akuganiza kuti ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina ayenera kuyesa, monga momwe ena amakayikira kuti zingathandize kapena ngakhale kuopa kuti zingapweteke. Tikhoza kulemekezana. Zomwezo zimapitanso pafupifupi zosankha zonse zamaluso. Osati zonse. Zosankha zina mwanzeru nโzowononga kwambiri, nโzovulaza kwambiri, moti bungwe la ndale linganene osati chabe kuti ndi maganizo oipa, komanso kuti sitingaloลตe nawo mโzochitazo ndiponso kuti palibe amene angachite nawo zimenezo. Koma si zoona pa zosankha zambiri. Sindikuganiza kuti mafunsowa ayenera kuthetsedwa pasadakhale kwa aliyense, amangofunika kuthetsedwa kwa ena. Sitiyenera kukhala ndi mgwirizano, zomwe sizingatheke komanso osati lingaliro labwino muzochitika zilizonse chifukwa kusiyanasiyana kuli bwino kwambiri.
Tiyerekeze kuti zinali choncho kuti tinali ndi gulu lalikulu ku United States. Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi bungwe losintha anthu 20,000 lomwe limalimbikitsa anthu masauzande ambiri. Sitikufuna kupambana koma tikukulirakulira. Tiyerekeze mu bungwe 80% akuganiza kuti ndale zachisankho ndi zopusa komanso zosokoneza. Kodi iwo awononge 20% ndipo palibe amene angachite izo? Ayi, limenelo si yankho lolondola. 20% sadzakhala bwino pa chinthu china ngati amakhulupiriradi ndale zachisankho. Simukuyenera kuzichotsa. Mumakambirana ndi kukambirana, ndithudi. Koma tikuyesera kupanga gulu latsopano ndi labwino ndipo pokhapokha ngati tili a Stalin, sitikuganiza kuti padzakhala njira imodzi pa nkhani iliyonse. Chifukwa chake sitiyenera kukhala ndi njira imodzi ku nkhani iliyonse mkati mwa gululo.
GW: Munakamba za zolinga za bungwe loterolo, koma ndikufuna kuti nditchule zachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, munati bungwe loterolo liyenera kukhala lokhazikika pazinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhala ndi masomphenya a anthu atsopano. Komabe, ndikudabwa ngati pali vuto lililonse lomwe lingakhale ngati njira yofotokozera masomphenya amtunduwu. Kodi pali vuto lililonse lomwe likufunika kwambiri pakali pano?
MA: Munthawi inayake mu nthawi chinthu chimodzi kapena china chikhala chikukakamiza. Tiyerekeze kuti malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya kunja kwa mzinda wa New York City asungunuka mawa. Izi zitha kukhala zovutirapo ndipo zitha kukhala m'malingaliro a aliyense mdziko muno. Aliyense adzakhala akutchera khutu kwa izo. Chifukwa chake gulu lililonse loganiza bwino limapereka chidwi kwambiri kwa izo. Koma ndizosiyana kunena kuti gulu liyenera kuyang'ana pa nkhani imodzi. Komanso, sitikudziwa chomwe chiti chidzakhale.
GW: Koma mukuganiza kuti ndi nkhani yotani yomwe ikufunika pakali pano?
MA: sindikuganiza kuti alipo. Pali zowonekeratu zomwe zikuchitika ku Wisconsin. Sizinali nkhondo, ndipo sizinali nyengo, zinali kusintha kwachuma ndi ndale komwe kungakhudze kukambirana kwamagulu ndi zina zotero. Izi zinali zamphamvu zokwanira kutulutsa chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zomenyera ufulu zomwe taziwona kwa nthawi yayitali. Kotero wina akhoza kunena, chabwino, ndiye nkhaniyo. Koma ena akhoza kunena kuti nkhondo ndi nkhani. Kupatula apo, anthu akumwalira ndipo tikuphulitsa anthu ndipo izi zimalimbikitsa anthu ambiri. Kapena kusintha kwa nyengo ndi nkhani; Pajatu tsogolo lili pachiswe. Malingaliro anga ndikuti, tiyerekeze kuti mukufuna kupambana pa bajeti, kapena pankhondo, kapena pakusintha kwanyengo, zikutanthauza chiyani? Zikutanthauza kuti mukufuna kupambana zina tsopano, ndipo pamapeto pake mukufuna kupambana gulu lomwe silipanga kufunafuna phindu, kupanga nkhondo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kugawa katundu ndi zinthu zomwe zimawononga chilengedwe.
Tiyerekeze kuti mukufuna kukonzekera mozungulira chuma ndikusintha kugawa ndalama, kapena kuzungulira ndondomeko zakunja ndikuthetsa nkhondo, kapena kuzungulira mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi ndondomeko zobiriwira. Mu chilichonse mwazinthu izi zomwe mukuyesera kuchita ndi zazikulu. Simukuyesera kuchita kanthu kakang'ono koma mukuyesera kuti mupambane china chake chachikulu chomwe akuluakulu omwe ali ndi mphamvu amasamala kwambiri. Ndiye muyenera kufunsa, chifukwa chiyani amalolera? Pankhani iliyonse yomwe imalimbikitsa anthu ambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, mudzakhala mukumenyana ndi zomwe zili zofunika kwa iwo, monga momwe zilili ndi izi. Apo ayi akadakupatsani nthawi yomweyo. Nanga nโcifukwa ciani amalolela cinthu cina cimene sakufuna kugonja?
Yankho ndichifukwa chakuti kayendetsedwe kake kamakweza ndalama ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale chiwopsezo kapena chiwopsezo, chifukwa amadziuza okha kuti, "Ngati sitigonja, ndiye kuti chiwopsezochi chidzakula ndipo chidzatiwononga kwambiri kuposa kupereka. mu ndi.โ Ndiwo mawerengero omwe akugwiritsa ntchito. Ngati agonjera ku kayendetsedwe ka bajeti, kapena kayendetsedwe ka nkhondo, kapena kusintha kwa kutentha kwa dziko, ndi chifukwa amaona kuti kusagonja kudzawapweteka kwambiri. Ndipo zomwe zimawapweteka kwambiri kuti zikhale zowonjezereka ndizowopseza kuti dongosolo lonse lidzasintha.
Mukafika pamlingo wankhondo komanso chithandizo chachilengedwe chonse komanso kugawa ndalama, ndiye kuti olemekezeka amayenera kumverera kuti apitilizebe zomwe tikufuna kuthetsa zoopsa kwambiri. Kodi nchiyani chimene chidzawafikitse uthengawo? Ngati tipanga anthu a 100,000 kunkhondo ku Washington, ndi mtengo koma ndi mtengo wochepa chifukwa onse ayenera kuyeretsa pakiyo. Ngakhale titachita mwezi ndi mwezi, ndiye? Ziwonetserozo ndi ndalama zenizeni ngati pali chiwopsezo chakuti kayendetsedwe kake kadzakhala kokulirapo. Zimangowopseza ngati zikuwoneka kuti zingasinthe maganizo a anthu komanso zowonjezereka, ngati zikuwopseza kuthetsa osati nkhondo, koma ndondomeko zonse zakunja ndi kupitirira ndondomeko zakunja, ndondomeko zapakhomo. Ngati ikuwopseza chilichonse mwazinthu izi, m'njira yokulirakulira, ikukweza ndalama. Koma ngati ingoyimilira anthu 100,000 kapena anthu 250,000, ndiye kuti palibe mtengo. Mphindi yomwe sikukula, kusuntha sikulinso mtengo, sikulinso kuopseza, chifukwa akhoza kungodikira. Chiwopsezo cha kayendetsedwe kake kamakhala m'ziwerengero zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, chiwopsezo cha kayendetsedwe kake chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri, ndipo chiwopsezo cha kayendetsedwe kake chimakhala pakukula kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kodi zofunazo zimachokera ku cholinga china kupita ku kusintha dongosolo? Ngati atero, ndizowopsa kwa osankhika. Momwemonso ndi kukula kwa kayendetsedwe kake. M'zaka za m'ma 60 chifukwa chake gulu lodana ndi nkhondo linali loopsya kwambiri ndiloti a) likukula ndipo b) linkaphatikizapo zochitika zambiri kuchokera: kumenyana ndi nkhondo mofatsa, kumenyana ndi nkhondo mozama, kumenyana ndi nkhondo, kumenyana ndi ndondomeko zakunja, motsutsana ndi dongosolo lonse loyipa. Zomwe mudawona pamlingo uliwonse zinali kukula kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumatsogolera kukukula kwa gawo lodzipereka kwambiri. Panali njira yopitilira, yomwe m'kupita kwa nthawi idauza boma kuti, "Mukufuna kuteteza nkhondo ku Vietnam kuti muwonjezere mphamvu zanu ndi chuma chanu ndikusunga dongosolo momwe lilili. Zomwe zimachitika tsiku likadzafika pamene muzindikira kufunafuna nkhondoyi, ngakhale zili ndi chidwi chanu pamalingaliro oletsa kusintha ku Indochina, sikuli ndi chidwi chanu chifukwa ndikugawanitsa ndikukonza anthu aku US motere. njira yomwe posachedwa adzatsutsa chuma chanu ndi mphamvu zanu pagulu lonse. "
Mukabwerera m'mbuyo ndikuyang'ana pamene akuluakulu adayamba kusintha mbali za nkhondo, monga aphungu ndi akuluakulu amalonda, mukuwona kuti adanena kuti si zoipa ndipo anthu athu akufa. Ayi. Iwo anati: โMakwalala athu ali chipwirikiti ndipo mbadwo wotsatira ukuwonongeka, chikhalidwe cha anthu chikungโambika.โ Mโmawu ena, iwo anali kunena kuti, โNdinaloลตa mโnkhondo imeneyi kuti ndiwonjezere chuma changa ndi mphamvu, koma tsopano zikuwoneka kuti kupitirizabe kumenya nkhondoyo kumaika chiwopsezo chonse kuposa kugonja ku zofuna kuti zithe, kotero kuti kupitirizabe kumenya nkhondoyo kuli kowopsa. tsopano ndikutsutsana ndi nkhondoyi.โ
Chifukwa chake tsopano kuti tibwererenso ku mfundo yanu, tiyerekeze kuti pali kugwa kapena nkhondo ya ku Libya ikukulirakulira ndikupeza zambiri, zazikulu, zazikulu, kapena mayiko m'dziko lonselo akuchita zomwe bwanamkubwa wa Wisconsin adachita, kotero kuti kumakhala kofunikira. Kapena ngakhale pali ngozi yaikulu ya chilengedwe. Zomwe ndikunena ndikupambana iliyonse ya izi, ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuti zonse zikufunidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ndichifukwa chake Seattle adadandaula kwambiri ndi osankhika. Kunena zoona, sizinali zazikulu choncho. Koma vuto linali lakuti sikunali kungodalirana kwa mayiko. Zinanyamula chiwopsezo cha gulu la anthu ogwira ntchito, gulu lobiriwira, gulu lodana ndi nkhondo, gulu la azimayi, aliyense wogwira ntchito limodzi. Ambiri m'magawo osankhika adamva kuti, "Njira zathu zikupanga chisokonezo chomwe tikufuna kupewa." Chiwopsezo chinali chimenecho. Zowonadi, ngati pali cholinga chomwe chimakopa chidwi cha aliyense, chabwino, mwa njira zonse, choyankhulidwa mwanzeru, chomwe chingatithandizire, koma kutengeka ndi cholinga chimodzi, kulakwitsa kuganiza kuti chilichonse chiyenera kulunjika kwa iye. kuyang'ana ndipo tiyenera kusiya china chilichonse, kuphonya mfundo ya momwe mumapambanira ngakhale kwakanthawi kochepa, zocheperako zopindula zanthawi yayitali.
Aka ndi koyamba mwa zoyankhulana zingapo za dziko la US lomwe latsala.
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