Chitsime: Jonathancook.net
Chikhalidwe pakati pa mbali za kumanzere kuti chisangalatse zigawenga zankhondo zakumanja, bola atavala ngati "umunthu" wowolowa manja, ali ndi moyo komanso akukankha, monga momwe Owen Jones akuwulula mu ndime lero za zovuta za Uighurs m'manja mwa China.
Chidziwitso cha "nkhondo yothandiza anthu" chikupitirirabe ngakhale patatha zaka makumi awiri zowopsya zikuwonetsa zomwe zinatsatira kuukira ndi kulanda Iraq ndi US ndi UK; kuphedwa kothandizidwa ndi azungu kwa Muammar Gaddafi waku Libya komwe kunayambitsa malonda atsopano m'chigawo chaukapolo ndi zida; ndi thandizo lobisika la azungu la Asilamu achisilamu omwe adawononga Syria.
M'malo mwake, izi sizinali ziwonetsero zowopsa zosiyana: zinali magawo awonetsero yayitali yayitali.
Malo opanda kanthu omwe atsala ku Iraq kumadzulo - kuphedwa kwa Saddam Hussein ndi kuwonongedwa kwa asilikali ake - adayamwitsa zigawenga zachisilamu kuchokera kumakona onse a Middle East. Ntchito za US ndi UK ku Iraq zidakhala ngati mafuta owongolera ziphunzitso zatsopano zachisilamu zomwe zidafika pachimake cha Islamic State, komanso ngati malo ophunzitsira a jihadists kuti apange njira zabwino zothanirana ndi usilikali.
Izi zidapitilira pambuyo pa Gaddafi Libya, pomwe zigawenga zachisilamu zidapatsidwa dziko losayeruzika kuposa kuukiridwa kwa Iraq komwe kumatenga otsatira ndikuwaphunzitsa, komanso kugulitsa zida. Chidziwitso chonsecho ndi zida zonsezo zidatha kusefukira ku Syria komwe achisilamu omwewo adayembekeza kukhazikitsa mpando wa ukhalifa wawo watsopano.
Mamiliyoni ambiri a Aluya kudera lonselo adaphedwa kapena kukakamizidwa kuthawa kwawo, kukhala othawa kwawo kosatha, chifukwa cha "zachifundo" zomwe George W Bush ndi Tony Blair adatulutsa.
Palibe phunziro
Wina angaganize kuti pofika nthawi imeneyi ufulu wachibadwidwe waumunthu unali wosavomerezeka, makamaka kumanzere. Koma mungakhale mukulakwitsa. Palinso ena omwe sanaphunzirepo kalikonse - monga Owen Jones wa Guardian. Mu zake ndime lero amanyamula ndikuthamanga ndi zifukwa zaposachedwa za kutenthetsa dziko lapansi ndi ufulu: a Uighur, ochepa achisilamu omwe akhala akuponderezedwa ndi China.
Atatha kuvomereza zotsutsana ndi zikhulupiliro zoipa ndi kusadalirika kwakukulu kwa ufulu, Jones akupitiriza kukangana - ngati kuti Iraq, Libya ndi Syria sizinachitikepo - kuti kumanzere kuyenera kupewa zifukwa zabwino chifukwa chakuti anthu oipa amawathandiza. Sitiyenera, akulemba kuti,
kupereka nsembe Asilamu oponderezedwa pa guwa la geopolitics: ndipo ndithudi, n'zotheka kuyenda ndi kutafuna chingamu; kutsutsa zankhondo zakumadzulo komanso kuyimirira ndi anthu omwe akuzunzidwa ndi boma. Zingakhale zopotoka kusiya chitetezo cha Asilamu aku China - ngakhale ndizovuta - kwa otsutsa komanso olimbikitsa kutentha.
Koma uku ndikuphonya mfundo yotsutsana ndi nkhondo komanso ndale zotsutsana ndi imperialism zomwe ndi maziko a gulu lililonse losiya kupita patsogolo.
Jones samazindikira, ngakhale modabwitsa, malingaliro oyipa a kumanja akamatsutsa kumanzere kuti ali okonzeka kuchita ziwonetsero kunja kwa kazembe wa US kapena Israeli koma osati waku China kapena waku Russia:
Nzika [za kumadzulo] zili ndi mphamvu pa maboma awoawo: kaya kuleka kuchita nawo zinthu zakunja, kapena kuwalimbikitsa kulimbana ndi maphwando awo akupondereza maufulu a anthu.
Koma amanyalanyaza mfundo yofunika iyi yokhudzana ndi mphamvu ndi udindo ndikuzipanganso ngati ndodo yomenyetsa kumanzere ndi:
Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kusiya kudzipereka poteteza oponderezedwa, kaya wopondereza wawoyo ndi ndani. Kulankhula motsutsa Islamophobia m'madera akumadzulo koma kukhala chete za Uighurs ndikulengeza kuti chitetezo cha Asilamu chili m'mayiko ena. Tikufuna akatswiri a universalists enieni.
Umenewo si mkangano wosavuta, ndi wowopsa kwambiri. Pali zifukwa ziwiri zofunika zowonjezera zomwe kumanzere kumayenera kupeŵa kusangalalira zomwe zimakonda kutenthetsa kumanja, kutengera zomwe zimatsutsana ndi ma imperialist komanso zotsutsana ndi nkhondo.
Chizindikiro cha ukoma
Jones sakumvetsa cholinga cha ndale za kumanzere zotsutsana ndi imperialism. Sikuti, monga momwe ufulu umanenera nthawi zambiri, za kumanzere "zizindikiro zabwino". Ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi zimenezo. Ndi kusankha mosamala zomwe tikufuna kuziyika patsogolo pa ndale - zofunika zomwe sizingafanane ndi nkhani zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi mabungwe akumayiko akumadzulo omwe akulimbikitsana ndi ndale komanso atolankhani. Cholinga chathu chachikulu ndikuchepetsa zomwe zayambitsa ziwawa ndi kuzunzika padziko lonse lapansi.
Jones amaiwala kuti cholinga chotsutsana ndi nkhondo chomwe chatsala sikubwereranso kumayiko akumadzulo kuti asankhe chifukwa cha "chifundo" cha nkhondo zake. Ndiko kunyoza kukhazikitsidwa, kuwulula kutenthetsa kwake ndikuletsa nkhondo zake.
Muyezo wabwino kwambiri - wothandiza komanso wamakhalidwe - wakumanzere kumanzere kuti agwiritse ntchito kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chuma ndi mphamvu zochepa ndizo zomwe zingathandize ena kuti adzuke ndi machitidwe owononga omwe akupitilira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndale kumadzulo, ngakhale kutenthetsa. kukhazikitsidwa kumadziwonetsera mumitundu iwiri: kaya ma Republican ndi ma Democrats ku United States, kapena Conservatives ndi (non-Corbyn) Labor Party ku UK.
Ife kumanzere sitingakhudze China kapena Russia. Koma titha kuyesa kukopa mikangano m'magulu athu omwe amanyoza osankhika akumadzulo omwe ali ku US - gulu lokhalo lankhondo lapadziko lonse lapansi.
Ntchito yathu sikungoyesa miyeso ya chisalungamo - mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, chala chachikulu champhamvu chakumadzulo ndi cholemera kwambiri kuposa onse omwe amapikisana nawo. Ndiko kuonetsa chikhulupiliro choyipa cha ndondomeko za mayiko akumadzulo, ndikutsindika kwa anthu ambiri kuti cholinga chenicheni cha akuluakulu a ndale zakunja kumadzulo ndi kuukira kapena kuopseza omwe akukana kugonjera mphamvu zawo kapena kupereka chuma chawo.
Musavulaze
Ndi momwe imperialism yamakono imawonekera. Timasewera ndi moto, ndikupereka ndale zotsutsana ndi imperialism, tikamabwereza mikangano yoyipa ya Pompeo, Blair, Obama, Bush kapena Trump - ngakhale atatenga mwachidule chifukwa chabwino pazifukwa zopanda pake. Kuti tigwiritse ntchito fanizo lachipatala, timalumikizana nawo pokonza chizindikiro chimodzi cha chisalungamo chapadziko lonse pamene tikukana kupeza matenda enieni kuti athe kuchiritsidwa.
Kufuna, monga a Jones amachitira, kuti tiyike patsogolo ma Uighurs - makamaka akakhala pulojekiti yakanthawi yazanyama zakumadzulo, kumanja kwa anti-China - sikupititsa patsogolo zolinga zathu zotsutsana ndi imperialist, zimawavulaza. Chifukwa kumanzere kumapereka chikhulupiliro chake, chidindo chake chovomerezeka, ku mabodza akuwotcha amanja.
Pamene kumanzere kuli kofooka - pamene, mosiyana ndi kumanja, alibe makampani opanga mauthenga kuti azilamulira ma airwaves ndi nkhawa zake zandale ndi zofunikira zake, pamene alibe pafupifupi ndale omwe akufotokoza malingaliro ake a dziko - sangathe kulamulira momwe kuthandizira kwake kwazinthu zothandizira anthu kumaperekedwa kwa anthu onse. M'malo mwake nthawi zonse imadzipeza yokha kuti ikuyimbidwa ndi ng'oma yankhondo.
Ili ndi phunziro lomwe Jones ayenera kuti adaphunzira payekha - makamaka, phunziro lomwe iye analonjezedwa he anali adaphunzira - atagwirizana ndi Guardian kuti awononge chuma chandale cha Jeremy Corbyn, wotsutsa nkhondo yekhayo, wandale wotsutsana ndi imperialist waku Britain yemwe adakhalapo ndi mphamvu.
Ndale zotsutsana ndi imperialism sizikhudza zolinga zabwino; ndi zotulukapo zopindulitsa. Kuti tigwiritse ntchito fanizo lina lachipatala, chikhulupiriro chathu chiyenera kukhala chosavulaza - kapena, ngati sizingatheke, kuchepetsa kuvulaza.
Makampani a "chitetezo".
Ichi ndichifukwa chake cholakwika pamakangano a Jones chikupitilirabe.
Zotsutsana ndi nkhondo zomwe zatsala sizingotsutsana ndi nkhondo, ngakhale ndizotsutsana nazonso. Ndi zotsutsana ndi chuma cha padziko lonse cha nkhondo: opanga zida omwe amapereka ndalama kwa ndale; malo opangira malonda a zida omwe tsopano ali m'maboma athu; atsogoleri athu, a kumanja ndi otchedwa kumanzere, omwe amagawanitsa dziko lapansi mu nkhondo ya Manichean pakati pa anthu abwino ndi oipa kuti adzilungamitsira kutentha kwawo ndi kugula zida; ochita malonda a zida omwe amapindula ndi chiwawa ndi kuzunzika kwa anthu; kuwunjika kwa zida zanyukiliya zomwe zingawononge tsogolo lathu monga zamoyo.
Zotsutsana ndi nkhondo zomwe zatsala zikutsutsana ndi dziko lonse lapansi, chuma chankhondo chakumadzulo, chomwe chimatinyenga kuti tikhulupirire kuti ndi "bizinesi yachitetezo". "Bizinesi yachitetezo"yi ikufunika anthu oyipa, monga China ndi Russia, omwe akuyenera kumenyana nawo mopambanitsa. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kukonza zolakwa za China ndi Russia, ndikunyalanyaza zolakwa zathu, kuti "mafakitale achitetezo" achite bwino.
Inde, Russia ndi China zilinso ndi magulu ankhondo. Koma palibe kumadzulo amene angakhulupirire motsimikiza kuti Moscow kapena Beijing adzalanda zida pamene asilikali apamwamba kwambiri kumadzulo - a NATO - amasinthasintha minofu yake tsiku ndi tsiku pamaso pawo, pamene amawazungulira ndi zida zankhondo zomwe zimayandikira pafupi ndi gawo lawo. , ikaloza mivi yake moopseza kumene ikupita.
Ndemanga za nkhondo
Jones ndi George Monbiot, chizindikiro china chakumanzere ku Guardian osamvetsetsa momwe ndale zapadziko lonse zimagwirira ntchito, zitha kudaliridwa nthawi zonse. cheerlead zomwe bungwe la azungu likufuna kuthandiza anthu - ndipo amafuna kuti ifenso titero. Izi ndizosakayikitsanso chifukwa chomwe amaloledwa kukhala paokha pazofalitsa zamakampani.
Ataitanidwa, awiriwa amatsutsa kuti, ngakhale akulira mokweza mawu awo odana ndi Saddam Hussein kapena Bashar Assad, izi sizikuwakhudza pankhondo zomwe zimamenyedwa ndi Iraq kapena Syria.
Izi mwachiwonekere ndi malingaliro akhanda, omwe amalingalira kuti kumanzere kungathe kubwereza mawu osocheretsa a amphamvu akumadzulo omwe akuwotcha mphamvu popanda kutenga udindo uliwonse pa nkhondo zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kutentha kumeneko.
Koma malingaliro a Jones ndi olakwika kwambiri kuposa pamenepo. Imayesa kuti kumanzere kungathe kufotokozera mawu a oyambitsa nkhondo ndipo osatenga udindo wa mafakitale ankhondo omwe nthawi zonse amayenda bwino ndikukula, kaya kapena ayi nkhondo zenizeni zikuchitika nthawi iliyonse.
Akuluakulu aku Western Foreign Policy akuda nkhawa ndi a Uighur osati chifukwa akufuna kuwapulumutsa ku chizunzo cha China kapena chifukwa akufuna kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati chifukwa choukira China. M'malo mwake, zomwe amati n'zodetsa nkhawa zimatsimikizira zonena zomwe zili zofunika kuti mafakitale ake ankhondo apambane: kuti Kumadzulo ndiye munthu wabwino padziko lonse lapansi; kuti China ndi mdani yemwe angakhale mdani, Joker kwa Batman wathu; ndi kuti kumadzulo kotero kukufunikira nkhokwe yokulirapo, yolipidwa ndi ife monga okhometsa msonkho, kuti adziteteze.
Belligerent superpower
Cholinga cha Uighurs chikuthandizidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo zakunja zakumadzulo kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zake ndikupanga dziko kukhala lotetezeka kwa ife tonse, kuphatikiza a Uighur. Chilichonse chomwe Jones anganene, sikuyenera kukhala ndi udindo kumanzere kupereka chithandizo ku mafakitale ankhondo akumadzulo.
Kunyoza "adani ovomerezeka" ndikutsekeredwa bwino mkati mwa ambulera ya "chitetezo" champhamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi hegemon ndi mlandu wotsutsana ndi mtendere, chilungamo, kupulumuka. Jones ndi womasuka kuwonetsa zidziwitso zake zothandiza anthu, koma ifenso tiyenera kukana zofuna za ndale zomwe tauzidwa ndi gulu lankhondo lakumadzulo.
Zotsutsana ndi nkhondo zomwe zatsala zili ndi zovuta zake, zofunikira zake. Sichiyenera kuwotchedwa ndi Mike Pompeo kapena Tony Blair - kapena, chifukwa chake, ndi Owen Jones.
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