Malinga ndi nkhani yaposachedwa komanso yokambidwa kwambiri pa intaneti yomwe idaperekedwa ndikusindikizidwa ndi wotsogolera zokambirana komanso wothirira ndemanga pa ndale Bill Moyers, maulamuliro otchuka - titha kunena kuti ulamuliro wodziwika - ndi nthano ku United States.[1] Pali, wolemba nkhaniyo akulemba, maboma awiri aku US ku Washington DC ndi boma loyamba ndilo "lowoneka" kwambiri, lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri zolengeza komanso kuwongolera aphungu a akuluakulu osankhidwa ndi ndodo zawo ku Capitol (Congress) komanso, mbali ina ya Pennsylvania Avenue, White House. Amapanga "ndale zachikhalidwe ku Washington" zomwe "zimatha kulamuliridwa [ndi anthu] kudzera zisankho."
Mphamvu Zenizeni Pansi pa "Diversionary Marionette Theatre"
Dziko lachiwiri, lomwe "lalanda America," ndi "boma lina, lamthunzi, losadziwika bwino lomwe silinafotokozedwe mu Civics 101 kapena kuwoneka kwa alendo" mu likulu la dzikoli. โImagwira ntchito motsatira mutu wake wa kampasi posatengera kuti ali ndi mphamvu ndani.โ Ikupanga zomwe wolemba nkhaniyo amatcha kuti The Deep State: "gulu la mabungwe aboma ndi abizinesi omwe akulamulira dzikoli ... Zigawo zazikulu za "Deep State" iyi ndi:
- Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo.
- Dipatimenti Yaboma.
- Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo Kwawo.
- Central Intelligence Agency.
- Dipatimenti ya Treasury, inaphatikizapo "chifukwa cha ulamuliro wake pa kayendetsedwe ka ndalama, kukakamiza kwake zilango zapadziko lonse, ndi mgwirizano wake ndi Wall Street" (onani m'munsimu)
- White House, yomwe "imagwirizanitsa mabungwe onse [omwe ali pamwambawa] kudzera ku National Security Council"
- Makhothi Oyang'anira Zakunja a Intelligence.
- "Makhothi amilandu owerengeka ofunikira, monga Eastern District of Virginia ndi Southern District of Manhattan, komwe milandu yachitetezo cha dziko imachitikira."
- "Mtundu wa Rump Congress wopangidwa ndi utsogoleri wa Congress ndi ena (koma osati onse) a mamembala a makomiti achitetezo ndi anzeru."
- Gulu lalikulu la makampani achitetezo ndi anzeru (mwachitsanzo, Blackwater, Booze Allen Hamilton, Haliburton, ndi ena.) omwe pamodzi amagwiritsa ntchito "854,000 ogwira nawo ntchito omwe ali ndi chilolezo chachitetezo chapamwamba" (kuposa chiwerengero cha zilolezo zogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ndi boma la feduro) ndi amene mafumu awo kaลตirikaลตiri amatenga maudindo apamwamba mโboma (moyenerera mokwanira popeza amadalira pafupifupi bizinesi ya boma).
- Silicon Valley, omwe makampani awo apamwamba kwambiri "amachita zofuna za NSA" ngakhale kuti akuluakulu awo amachitira chinyengo, pofuna kubwezera Washington chifukwa cha kutengeka kwawo ndi ufulu wazinthu zaluntha.
- Wall Street, "yomwe imapereka ndalama zomwe [kudzera pa zisankho, kukopa anthu ndi zina zambiri] zimapangitsa kuti ndale zizikhala bata ndikugwira ntchito zisudzo zosiyanasiyana za marionetteโ pamene akuluakulu ake ali ndi โde facto crime immunityโ ndipo oyimilira awo amene aikidwa mโboma apititsa patsogolo ndondomeko ya ndondomeko zazachuma (kuchotsa malamulo, kuchotsera msonkho kwa olemera ndi mabungwe awo).
โMwini Wamkuluโ
Wosewera wamkulu kuposa onse ndi ndani? Capital. "Sizochulukira," wolemba akulemba, "kunena kuti Wall Street ikhoza kukhala mwiniwake wa Deep State ndi njira zake, ngati palibe chifukwa china kupatula kuti ali ndi ndalama zoperekera mphotho kwa ogwira ntchito aboma ndi ntchito yachiwiri. zomwe ndi zopindulitsa kuposa maloto adyera - ndithudi kupitirira maloto a wogwira ntchito m'boma wolipidwaโฆโฆ..Korido pakati pa Manhattan ndi Washington ndi msewu wopondedwa bwino wa umunthu womwe tonse takhala tikuwadziwa kuyambira nthawi yomwe Wall Street idachotsedwa: Robert Rubin, Lawrence Summers, Henry Paulson, Timothy Geithner ndi ena ambiriโ ( kutsindika)
Zitsanzo sizongogwira ntchito zapamwamba m'boma "okhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe kazachuma kaboma." Tengani wamkulu wakale komanso wodziwika bwino ku US General David Patraeus, yemwe luso lake logulitsira chikoka cha Deep State adamupatsa mwayi wopindulitsa kwambiri pakampani yayikulu yabizinesi yaku Wall Street (KKR) atasiya "ntchito zaboma" mochititsa manyazi. Monga momwe wolemba nkhaniyo amanenera, "mgwirizano pakati pa boma ndi mafakitale ndi wotheka kwambiri."
Deep State Ikuyenda Mosalala Pansi Pa Surface Deadlock
Ngakhale akuluakulu osankhidwa ndi andale ena omwe adagwidwa ndi "marionette theatre" yothandizidwa ndi Wall Street ya ndale zachigawenga zowonekera kwambiri ku Washington nthawi zambiri amati akuchita "nkhondo zamalingaliro," ogwira ntchito ku Deep State monga Patraeus, Summers, Rubin, ndi (kale Bush). 43 ndi Obama 44 Mlembi wa Chitetezo) Robert Gates "amakhala osamala kuti ayese ngati alibe malingaliro. Zomwe amakonda ndi zaukadaulo wosalowerera ndale wopereka upangiri womwe umaganiziridwa bwino potengera ukatswiri wozama. โ Izi ndi zabodza chifukwa "adapakidwa utoto mozama ndi malingaliro ovomerezeka a gulu lolamulira, lingaliro lomwe silili la Democrat kapena Republican." Lingaliro limenelo limaphatikiza "'The Washington Consensus': kuyika ndalama, kugulitsa kunja, kubisa, kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi kugulitsa ntchito, ndi "21st-century 'American Exceptionalism': ufulu ndi udindo wa United States kulowerera m'madera onse padziko lapansi ndi kukakamiza zokambirana ndi nsapato pansi ndi kunyalanyaza momvetsa chisoni anapambana mayiko za makhalidwe otukuka.โ M'mawu ena, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu wolemba sagwiritsa ntchito mu nkhani yake, neoliberal state capitalism ndi aukali usilikali ufumu kunyumba ndi kunja ndi chigonjetso cha dzanja lamanja la boma pa dzanja lamanzere la boma.[2]
Ma pundits ndi ndale nthawi zambiri amadzudzula "kusweka," "kutsekedwa," "opunduka," komanso "kusokonekera" kwa ndale ndi mfundo zowoneka bwino zomwe zimafotokozera boma - yemwe ziwalo zake zowopsa zimakhala zokhazikika usiku. nkhani. Amachita izi popanda chifukwa chaching'ono chifukwa, "m'malo omwe anthu amatha kuwona," Congress ndiyogawikana mopanda chiyembekezo ndipo a Congression Tea Party Republican omwe ali ndi gawo laling'ono laudindo wawo pakuzunza anzawo ndi odzipereka mozama komanso mwamphamvu kuti apange izi. zosatheka kuti Barack Obama agwiritse ntchito ngakhale wamkulu wake, wokonda bizinesi[3] "ndondomeko zapakhomo ndi bajeti." Njirayi ikufanana ndi "kuchotsa konkongono" kwa nthambi yayikulu pazinthu monga chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi mfundo zolowa ndi anthu otuluka.
Koma, mlembi wa nkhaniyo akulemba moyipa, pansi pa kusamvana kwapampando wanyumba yamalamulo, bungwe la Deep State likuyenda bwino, zikomo kwambiri. Kumbali ina, milatho, njanji, misewu ikuluikulu, ndi magetsi a mโdzikoli akuwola. Anthu ambiri asowa ntchito komanso osauka, chitetezo cha anthu chikusokonekera komanso zida za anthu. Mizinda yasokonekera, kudera lonselo, makamaka ku Midwestern rustbelt, popanda mpumulo. "Mabungwe wamba, owoneka bwino anyumba yamalamulo odzilamulira okha" "atsika] kukhala dziko la nthochi pakati pa kugwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zomangamanga za boma." Kumbali ina, Deep State pansi pa Bush Republican 43 ndi Obama Democrat 44 amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mabiliyoni, ma trilioni, a madola okhometsa msonkho pa ndondomeko za boma zomwe zimaphatikizapo ufumu waukulu wapadziko lonse ndi wapakhomo wa Orwellian electronic surveillance, kusokoneza mobwerezabwereza, kuwukira, ndi kulanda, nkhondo za drone, ndende zachinsinsi osatchulapo - wolemba sakutero (ndipo ndiwonanso zichotsedwenso pansipa) - chiwongolero chachikulu chamakampani "akuluakulu-kulephera" aku Wall Street, omwe oyang'anira awo apamwamba amayimilira. pamwamba pa lamulo ngakhale atagwetsa miyandamiyanda mu umphawi ndipo ngakhale boma la feduro nthawi zonse limakhazikitsa zigamulo zopanda ufulu kwa anthu omwe amawaganizira kuti ndi ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Monga momwe wolemba nkhaniyo amanenera, a Obama atha kuyesedwa pamiyeso yambiri yakusintha kwanyumba kwa milquetoast koma "wayitanitsa zida zogwetsera ulamuliro wa Muammar Ghaddafi ku Libya, ndipo, kusakhazikika komwe kudachitika chifukwa cha kulanda kumeneku kudafalikira ku Mali, kumapereka zambiri komanso zowona. thandizo lachinsinsi pakulowererapo kwa France kumeneko. โ Komanso:
"Panthawi yomwe kunali mkangano waukulu wokhudza kupitiliza kuyang'anira nyama komanso kuyendetsa ndege chifukwa chazovuta za bajeti, boma lathu lidakwanitsa kupanga $115 miliyoni.kusunga nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Syria ndi kulipira osachepera ยฃ100m ku likulu la Boma la United Kingdom of Communications kugula chikoka ndi kupeza nzeru za dzikolo. Kuyambira 2007, milatho iwiri yonyamula misewu yayikulu idagwa chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino, m'modzi wapha anthu 13. Panthawi yomweyi, boma linawononga ndalama $ 1.7 biliyoni yomanga nyumba ku Utah ndiko kukula kwa mabwalo 17 a mpira. Dongosolo lalikululi lapangidwa kuti lilole National Security Agency kusunga a yottabyte za chidziwitso, oyambitsa manambala akuluakulu asayansi apakompyuta apanga. Yottabyte ndi yofanana ndi masamba 500 quintillion. Amafunikira kusungidwa kochuluka kotero kuti asungire mbiri yanu yamagetsiโฆ. [ndi] Kuyambira pa 9/11, malo 33 anzeru zachinsinsi amangidwa kapena akumangidwa [ku Washington DC ndi kuzungulira]. Kuphatikiza, amakhala pansi pafupifupi ma Pentagons atatu - pafupifupi masikweya mita 17 miliyoni. โ
Koma palibe zotsutsana kapena zododometsa apa. Uku ndiko kupambana kwa Deep State, kupititsa patsogolo ufumu wamakampani ndi zachuma ndi usilikali komanso kusalingana kunyumba ndi kunja, ndikukhazikitsa neoliberal (mawu omwe wolemba amapewa, molakwika m'malingaliro anga) chigonjetso cha dzanja lamanja pa dzanja lamanzere la boma.
Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chili chokhudza chiwembu, "Boma m'boma likubisala mowonekera," wolemba nkhaniyo akutero, "ndipo omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito amachita makamaka masana." Dziko lokhala pansi pa radarli likuyenda mopanda kutsutsidwa kwambiri kuposa kupanduka kodabwitsa kwa anthu ngati Edward Snowden chifukwa, wolembayo amakhulupirira, wakhazikika kwambiri m'moyo wamba komanso wantchito wa Washington mpaka kukhala chinthu china. pafupifupi ngati phokoso lakumbuyo kwa anthu ophunzira ndi "osinthidwa bwino" ku Washington ndi kuzungulira. Ndi mpweya umene likulu la dzikoli limapuma ndi (palibe kanthu kakang'ono!) gwero la ndalama kwa mazana masauzande a ogwira ntchito. Ndipo, monga momwe Upton Sinclair ananenerapo, mโndime ina wolembayo anagwira mawu akuti, โNโkovuta kuti mwamuna amvetse kanthu kena pamene malipiro ake amadalira kuti iye sakumvetsa.โ
Washington Defector Wofatsa
Ndiye ndani mlembi wa nkhani yochititsa chidwiyi, amene zidziwitso zake zambiri zomwe ndakhala ndikuzijambula pano molakwika? Kodi ndi wolemba kapena mtolankhani kapena wophunzira yemwe ali ndi "malingaliro oti apenye" โโmozama? Wodzipatulira wotsutsa-corporatist / anti-imperialist / anti-racist wotsutsa dziko la capitalist eco-cide monga, mwachitsanzo, inenso, yemwe amadziwika kuti amayesa kuwopseza demokalase komanso tsogolo labwino lobwera ndi "osasankhidwa komanso ogwirizana. Ulamuliro wankhanza wandalama ndi ufumuโ - ndipo ndani amene nthawi zambiri amatchula atsogoleri a ndale akuluakulu omwe amasankhidwa ku US kukhala "olamulira mwadzina" (popeza mphamvu zenizeni zinali zozama)? Msilikali wakale wa Occupy Wall Street yemwe ali ndi mbiri yolemba ndi / kapena kukonzekera motsutsana ndi gulu lolamulira la "1%" ndi machitidwe ake a nthawi yaitali a ufumu ndi kusalingana kunyumba ndi kunja?
Ayi! Wolemba nkhaniyo ndi Mike Lofgren wofatsa[4], yemwe adapuma pantchito zaka zitatu zapitazo kuchokera ku ntchito ya zaka 28 monga wogwira ntchito wamkulu wa Republican Congressiones yemwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri pa nkhani za chitetezo cha dziko. Adasiya ntchito zaka zitatu zapitazo, pambuyo pavuto langongole lopangidwa ndi anthu osankhika, monyansidwa ndi zomwe adawona kuti zipani zazikulu zonse zaku US zidalandidwa ndi ndalama zamakampani komanso zida zankhondo. Koma sanachoke mwakachetechete. Mu 2011 yowerengedwa kwambiri Wopanda nkhani[5], mabuku ena a pa intaneti ndi buku lanzeru la 2012 lotchedwa Phwando Latha: Momwe ma Republican Adapenga, Ma Democrat Adakhala Opanda Ntchito, ndipo Middle Class Adadulidwa, iye ananena kuti โndalama zawononga dziko la Washington kotheratu moti mabanki, makampani oteteza chitetezo, ndiponso anthu ochokera mโmayiko osiyanasiyana amangotsatira ndondomeko ya ndalama zimene makampani awo akufuna ndipo nโzosatheka kuti apeze chilichonse [chothandiza].โ
Kupanduka kwa Lofgren sikunali kulumpha sitima yapamadzi kuchokera ku GOP kupita ku zomwe Upton Sinclair mu 1906 adawona kuti ndi "mapiko a mbalame yodya nyama yomweyo." Ngakhale "a Republican akula molimba mtima," Lofgren adalemba Phwando Latha, "Mademokalase pafupifupi asiya kukhala ndi zikhulupiriro zilizonse - ndipo kulanda kwawo ndalama zamakampani ndikwambiri ngati kwa GOP."
Lofgren adati yankho lake linali kusintha kwakukulu pazachuma cha kampeni, komanso kusintha kwina ndi zina zokhudzana ndi chisankho kuti zilole demokalase yodziwika bwino ya zipani zambiri. โNjira yopulumukira,โ iye anadzimva kukhala "pezani ndalama zonse zachinsinsi pazisankho zathu zapagulu" popita ku kampeni yoperekedwa ndi anthu. Bungwe la Congress lomwe lingabwere chifukwa cha izi ndi okonzanso zisankho lidzawoneka kwa anthu onse m'malo mothandizira kwambiri" ndipo lidzatha kuthana ndi zovuta monga "kusintha misonkho, kuyeretsa Wall Street, ndi kuthetsa nkhondo. zimene zikutisoลตetsa mtendere mโzachuma ndi mโmakhalidwe.โ
M'nkhani yake yatsopano, "Anatomy of the Deep State," komabe, Lofgren akuwoneka kuti ali ndi chidwi ndi kusintha kwakukulu. Akunena kuti kusintha kwanthawi zonse "nostroms" monga ndalama zoyendetsera chisankho - amatchulanso "Boma 'kukakamiza' kuti lithetse vuto la kutulutsa ntchito za boma ndi mikangano ya zikondwerero zomwe limapanga, ndondomeko ya msonkho yomwe imayamikira ntchito ya anthu kusiyana ndi kusokoneza ndalama ndi ndondomeko yamalonda yomwe imakonda kutumiza katundu wopangidwa kunja kusiyana ndi kutumiza ndalama zogulitsa kunja" - ndi โzofunika, koma zosakwaniraโ kuyankha โnjala yakuya koma yosalimba ya mtunduwo yofuna kusintha. Zomwe Amereka akusowa," Lofgren akumaliza, "ndi munthu wodzidalira kutiuza kuti mafano amapasa a chitetezo cha dziko ndi mphamvu zamakampani ndi ziphunzitso zachikale zomwe zilibenso zina zomwe zingatipatse. Chifukwa chokhumudwa, anthuwo adzatsegula Deep State ndi liwiro lodabwitsa "- pa chitsanzo cha kugwa kwa Soviet bloc kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990.
Zina Zomwe Zasiyidwa / Zowonjezera
Pali zambiri kwa wothirira ndemanga wakumanzere kapena wolimbikitsa aliyense kuti apeze zolakwika m'nkhani ya Lofgren. Pamene akukamba za posachedwapa zizindikiro zowukira ku Deep State, amatchula zachiwonetsero cha Snowden ndi "Tea Party Wahabbists" omwe asankha kusokoneza kuyenda kwa madola a msonkho omwe Deep State amafuna. Palibe chonena za gulu lamanzere la Occupy Movement lomwe lidabwera pambuyo pavuto la ngongole lomwe lidanyansitsa Lofgren (ndi mamiliyoni aku America) kuwulula ndikutsutsa ulamuliro wapawiri, ndikuphwanyidwa ndi dziko loyang'anira chitetezo. ndi dipatimenti yapolisi yazankhondo motsogozedwa ndi ma meya a demokalase m'dziko lonselo. Sakunena za omenyera kumanzere ndi opita patsogolo omwe adagwira ntchito kuti athandize kugonjetsa zoyesayesa za Obama zoyambitsa nkhondo yapamtunda ya Deep State ku Syria, kapena kwa omasuka komanso osiya zachilengedwe omwe akakamiza Obama kuti achedwetse payipi ya mchenga wa Keystone XL wa eco-cidal.
Kutenga, ziyenera kudziwidwa, zikuwonetsa zipolowe zenizeni, gulu lachitukuko, ngakhale lakhala lalifupi - chosiyana kwambiri ndi zochitika za Astroturf Tea Party zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi makampani. Mosiyana ndi โTea Party,โ inali yosagwirizana ndi zipani zazikulu zandale. Zinali zosakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ndale zachisankho, zomwe zikuwonetsa mgwirizano wofunikira ndi lingaliro la Lofgren kuti ndalezo ndi bwalo lamasewera lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi opereka ndalama ku Wall Street ndi alangizi amakampani.
Vuto la chilengedwe, "chiwerengero cha 1 cha nthawi yathu kapena nthawi iliyonse" (John Sonbanmatsu) sichikupezeka muzolemba za Lofgren, ngakhale kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri komanso ubale wake wapamtima ndi vuto la ulamuliro wamagulu ndi asilikali.[6] Zina ndi zina zokhudzana ndi mphamvu zaulamuliro wankhanza zomwe tatchulazi sizinatchulidwe m'nkhani ya Lofgren: kusankhana mitundu, kusankhana mitundu, kumangidwa kwaunyinji komanso kusagwirizana kwamitundu, ndende yamafakitale, kutulutsidwa kwakukulu kwa gulu la anthu aku America, bizinesi yokulirapo. gulu lankhondo pa ogwira ntchito aku America, kutuluka kwa Nyengo Yatsopano Yopanda Kusiyanasiyana kwachuma, ntchito mopitilira muyeso, nkhondo yayikulu yachitukuko pazantchito za ogwira ntchito aku America, nkhanza zachipongwe komanso zankhanza zapantchito zaku America. (kumene anthu ambiri aku America azaka zogwira ntchito amawononga nthawi yayitali), kuyang'anira mabungwe ndi asitikali pamaphunziro aku America (K-PhD), kutsutsana koyambira komanso kwanthawi yayitali pakati pa capitalism (yodzipereka pakuchulukitsa chuma ndi [chifukwa chake] mphamvu ndi ku phindu laumwini) ndi demokalase mozama (komanso) zomveka (zoperekedwa ku mphamvu zofanana ndi chikoka kwa onse ndi ubwino wamba), kufalitsa kofalikira kwa malingaliro a neoliberal capitalist ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimatsutsa lingaliro lomwe la mgwirizano wa demokalase ndi kukana pa gawo la nzika ndi ogwira ntchito pomwe akuchepetsa udindo, chuma, ndi mphamvu za aliyense kukhala "udindo waumwini."
Washington Deep State ndi yeniyeni komanso yowopsya, kutsimikiza. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti maulamuliro omwe anthu ambiri aku America amakumana nawo nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo antchito tsiku lililonse, masukulu, ndende, maofesi aboma ndi aboma, misewu, makhonsolo, mipingo ndi zina zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zankhondo ndikuchulukitsa madera olamulira. fuko. Mvetserani, mwachitsanzo, ku nkhani yotsatirayi ya ntchito yomwe ikuyendetsedwa mosalekeza ndi mabwana opondereza ndi matekinoloje ku malo osungiramo katundu akuluakulu aku US ku Amazon, omwe ali ndi dzina losavomerezeka la Orwellian la (osachita nthabwala) "Malo Okwaniritsa":
โโฆ.kumalo onse a Amazonโฆchipembedzo chamakasitomalaโฆchimapereka chifukwa chosiyana kwambiri ndi kasamalidwe ka sayansi komwe cholinga chake, monga ku Walmart, ndi kupitiriza kulimbikitsa zokolola za antchito ndikusunga malipiro a ola limodzi kapena pafupi ndi umphawiโฆ Walmart, Amazon imakwaniritsa izi ndi dongosolo lazovuta zapantchito, momwe zolinga zotulutsira, kusuntha, ndi kukonzanso katundu zikuchulukirachulukira mpaka pomwe ogwira ntchito amavutika kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna komanso komwe antchito okalamba komanso osachita bwino amayamba kulephera. . Monga ku Walmart, pali chikhalidwe chofala cha "kumenyedwa katatu ndipo mwatuluka", ndipo ogwira ntchito ochepawa akapeza zolakwika zambiri ("mfundo") amachotsedwa ntchito...... navigation) makompyuta omwe amawauza njira yomwe ayenera kuyendamo kuti azisunga shelufu ya katundu, komanso amaika nthawi yomwe akufuna kupita kosungira katundu ndikuyesa ngati zolinga zakwaniritsidwaโฆ.Zidziwitso zonsezi zimapezeka kwa oyang'anira munthawi yeniyeni, komanso ngati wogwira ntchito ali m'mbuyo adzalandira meseji yolozera izi ndikumuuza kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna kapena avutike nazo. Kumalo osungiramo zinthu ku Amazon ku Allentown, Pennsylvania, Kate Salasky ankagwira ntchito yosinthira mpaka maola khumi ndi limodzi patsiku, nthawi zambiri ankayenda m'litali ndi m'lifupi mwa nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Mu Marichi 2011, adalandira uthenga wochenjeza kuchokera kwa manijala wake, wonena kuti adapezeka kuti alibe phindu nthawi zingapo mphindi pakusintha kwake, ndipo pamapeto pake adachotsedwa ntchito. Kulemba ntchito uku kukugwira ntchito ku Amazon Center padziko lonse lapansi. โ
โโฆ.ena amagwira ntchito pamizere yolongedza katundu wotumizidwaโฆ.Makina amayezeraโฆ ngati opakirawo [akukwaniritsa] zomwe akufuna kuti azitulutsa pa ola limodzi komanso ngati mapaketi omalizidwawo akwaniritsa zomwe akufuna kuti anene ndipo anali atapakidwa 'njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri..' Koma pambali paziwongolero za digitozi pali gulu la [Frederick Winslow] Taylor's 'akapitawo ogwira ntchito'โฆ amayang'anira antchito sekondi iliyonse kuwonetsetsa kuti panalibe 'kuba nthawi,' m'chinenero cha Walmart. Pamizere yonyamulira pali [pali] akapitawo asanu ndi mmodzi, m'modzi yemwe amadziwika ku Amazonspeak monga 'wantchito' ndipo pamwamba pake 'atsogoleri' asanu, omwe ntchito yawo yonse [ndi] kuwonetsetsa kuti mzerewo ukuyenda. Ogwira ntchito [amadzudzulidwa] chifukwa cholankhulana wina ndi mnzake kapena kupuma pang'onopang'ono ... atagwira ntchito yovuta kwambiri yonyamula katundu.
โWoyangโanira ntchitoโฆamalemba kuti onyamula katundu [amapita] ku bafa kangati ndipo, ngati [sapita] ku bafa pafupi ndi mzere, bwanji osatero. โฆ.monga momwe a Jeremy Bentham adawonera mzaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, kamangidwe ka malo osungiramo malo [a Amazon] [a]konzedwa kuti kuyang'anira kukhale kosavuta, ndi mlatho womwe uli kumapeto kwa malo ogwirira ntchito pomwe woyang'anira [akhoza] kuyima ndi kuyang'ana pansi. pa mawondo ake. Komabe, ntchito ya mamenejala ndi oyangโanira depo [si] kungolimbana ndi kuba kwa nthawi ndi kusunga mzerewo ukuyenda komanso kupeza njira zopangira kuti ziyende mofulumira. Nthaลตi zina zimenezi [zimachitidwa] pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikale za Scientific Management, koma nthaลตi zina mipherezero yapamwamba yotuluka [imangolengezedwa ndi olamulira, monga momwe zinalili ku Soviet Union mโnthaลตi ya Stalin.โ
Kupitilira kusakanikirana koyipa kumeneku kwa Taylorism ndi Stakhnovism, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi IT ya m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi chimodzi, pali, mu Amazon momwe amachitira antchito ake, chikhalidwe chofalikira chankhanza komanso kusakhulupirirana chomwe chimasokonekera ndi chikhalidwe chake cha chisamaliro ndi kukhulupirirana - kwa makasitomala. , koma osati kwa antchito. Mwachitsanzo, kampaniyo imakakamiza antchito ake kuti adutse poyang'ana malo pamene akulowa ndi kutuluka m'malo osungiramo katundu, kuti apewe kuba, ndikukhazikitsa malo ochezera. mkati malo osungiramo katundu, omwe antchito ayenera kuyima pamzere kuti atulutse asanalowe mโkafiteriya,โฆkuchepetsa nthawi yopuma ya masana ya wogwira ntchitoyo kuchoka pa mphindi makumi atatu mpaka makumi awiri, pamene akusoลตa nthawi yoti adye.โ[7]
Zachidziwikire, munthu sayenera kupita kudera la Washington kuti akawone proto-dystopian American corporate-neoliberal arch-authoritarianism powonekera. Mutha kuyamba ndi kuchuluka kwa malo antchito amderali ndi achigawo, masukulu, makhothi, ndi ndende.
Kusiyidwa kumodzi mu "Anatomy of the Deep State" kumawoneka kochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Timamvetsetsa bwanji kupambana kwa Deep State pakubisa kukhalapo kwake komanso kupititsa patsogolo zonse za "Washington Consensus" ndi "American exceptionist" Empire Project popanda kutengera gawo lamphamvu la mabungwe akuluakulu atolankhani mu "chilolezo chopanga" (Noam Chomsky ndi Edward S. Herman) ndi "kutenga chiwopsezo cha demokalase" (Alex Carey) posefa zomwe zikuchitika komanso kupanga malingaliro odziwika bwino mogwirizana ndi zosowa zamabizinesi ndi otsogolera? Mwa njira zambiri zoulutsira nkhani zamakampani zimatengera gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakufalitsa komanso malingaliro omwe amaseweredwa ndikungoyang'ana nzika - mwina pakadali pano ndiyenera kunena kuti "anthu omwe kale anali nzika" - lingaliro la "ndale," ndale zokhazo zomwe zimafunikira, pa nthawi yanthawi zonse. zisankho zandalama zazikulu zomwe Lofgren amazifotokoza modabwitsa komanso molondola ngati "bwalo lamasewera lamasewera" - logulidwa ndi Wall Street. Ntchito iyi yotsitsa nzika kukhala "osankhidwa oyendetsedwa ndi makampani" (monga Sheldon Wolin adanenera m'buku lake lodziwika bwino la 2008. Demokalase Yophatikizidwa) amaphonya mfundo yakuti, monga momwe Noam Chomsky ananenera zaka khumi zapitazo, โzowonjezera za quadrennial [zachisankho] zamunthuโฆ[ndi] mbali yaingโono chabe ya ndale.โ Gawo lalikulu kwambiri komanso lofunika kwambiri la ndale lomwe liyenera kukhala lofunikira ndikumanga ndi kukulitsa "mphamvu zosintha zomwe zimachokera ku udzu" kuti "kupanga ndondomeko yopita patsogolo" pa chitsanzo cha ntchito ya US, ufulu wa anthu. , mtendere, ndi mayendedwe a akazi akale.[8]
Osachepera, zikuwoneka kwa ine, eni ake apamwamba ndi mamanenjala akuluakulu, nthawi imodzi Orwellian ndi (Aldous) Hulxlean makampani ndi zosangalatsa media complex akuyenera kutchulidwa mwaulemu pakati pa olamulira okhazikika a Deep State omwe amayendetsa chigawochi pothandiza anthu osankhika. m'munsi ndi kupitirira "bwalo lamasewera" lomwe limayendetsedwa bwino ndi zisankho zotchuka. Si zachabechabe kuti Magazini ya New York TimesMtolankhani wamkulu wa dziko lino a Mark Leibovich adaphatikizanso ofalitsa nkhani komanso eni ake pakati pa omwe adawafotokozera kuti ndi okhazikika komanso ogwidwa ndi makampani omwe amapeza phindu kuchokera ku Washington pansi pa zisudzo zandale m'buku lake logulitsa kwambiri. Tawuni Ino: Maphwando Awiri Ndi Maliro Komanso Malo Oimikapo Magalimoto Ambiri mu America's Gilded Capital (2013).
Mike, kukumana ndi Mark
Kulankhula za voliyumu ya Leibovich, yomwe idayang'ananso ku Washington komanso idawonetsedwa (chaka chatha) ndi Bill Moyers (yemwe anali m'boma wakale) [9] kuchotsedwa kwake m'nkhani ya Lofgren ndi magwero akuwoneka ngati osamvetseka. Malinga ndi nkhani ya Leibovich, yogwirizana kwambiri ndi kusanthula kwa Lofgren, Washington yakhala "kuthamangira golide" kopanda malire, komwe akuluakulu andale, olimbikitsa anthu, alangizi, akatswiri okhudzana ndi anthu, anthu atolankhani, komanso ogwira ntchito zapamwamba m'maphwando awiriwa ndi gawo limodzi lachibale. ndi "okhazikika" olamulira "gulu la anthu amkati." Likulu la dzikolo โlikukhala wotsimikiza mtima bipartisan gulu pamene pali ndalama zoti zipangidweโ (Leibovich, p. 142), Leibovich anaona, akuwonjezera kuti โKulemera kwasanduka lingaliro lalikulu la bipartisan: 'Palibenso ma Democrat ndi ma Republican ku Washington,' amatero kunena kuti, 'mamiliyoniya okha. ' Phwando lomaliza la Green. Mumamvabe mawu akuti 'utumiki wa anthu' akunenedwa, koma nthawi zambiri ndi nthabwala komanso chidziwitso chonse kuti kudzitumikira tsopano ndi sewero lenileni lamkatiโ (tsamba 9).
Zambiri zomwe zimadziwika kuti "kusokonekera kwa Washington" - gridlock, hyper-partisanship, kulephera kwa ma Republican ndi ma Democrats "kugwirira ntchito limodzi" - kuli ndi cholinga chothandiza bizinesi, Leibovich adati. Washington DC mu New Gilded Age yada nkhawa kwambiri ndi zachuma kuposa ndale, adatero Leibovich, ndipo "zambiri zachuma za Washington - kukopa anthu, kufunsana pazandale, ndi nkhani zama waya - zimatengera kupititsa patsogolo mikangano, osati kuthetsa mavuto" (tsamba 99). Ndi mikangano yomwe imakopa owonera ndi owerenga, pambuyo pake. Ndi mikangano yomwe imapangitsa kuti ndalama zipitirire mu Super PACs, mikangano yomwe imagulitsa malonda a ndale, ndi mikangano yomwe imayambitsa ntchito zandale zomwe gulu lankhondo lomwe likukulirakulirabe la omwe kale anali ndi maudindo amasanduka ntchito zopindulitsa m'magulu awo - "kupangira ndalama zawo" p. 40) potenga maudindo opindulitsa ngati okopa anthu, alangizi ndi atsogoleri olankhula pa TV. Leibovich adanena, (potchula Atlantic) kuti ndi zodabwitsa peresenti 50 za opuma maseneta aku US ndi peresenti 42 a congresspers opuma pantchito amakhala okopa anthu (tsamba 330).
Ndale monga zisudzo zokondera komanso zamalingaliro, Leibovich adapeza, ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa "kuchita ntchito za anthu" ndikutumikira zabwino zonse mu likulu lowoneka la mtunduwu. Onse otengeka, "oganiza" akufuula pa mawayilesi ndi ma TV ndi "luso loyang'ana" lomwe limatanthauza kubisa "'zenizeni," kuti "kunja, aliyense ku Washington aphatikizidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana. conga mzere wa omwe angakhale nawo mabizinesiโ (tsamba 99). Kuseri kwa zochitika, ogwira ntchito anzeru ku Washington a mbali zonse ziwiri akufufuza momwe angapindulire ndi "kupitirira ndi kutukuta kwamphamvu pakati pa makampani ndi ndale" (tsamba 308) ndi "chikondi chopitirira pakati pa Washington ndi Wall Street" (p. 331) ). Kukangana kwa "zachipani" ndi "zamalingaliro" komwe ma TV ambiri amati ndi gwero la "kusokonekera kwa Washington" (komanso ngati umboni wa zolephera za "boma lalikulu") zonsezi ndi gawo lazovuta zazikulu za capitalist. โMzindawu, womwe uli kutali ndi kugawikana mopanda chiyembekezo, uli wolumikizana mopanda chiyembekezoโ (p.10) ndi โthukuta,โ mpikisano wamagulu osiyanasiyana pofuna kupeza phindu, kutchuka, ndi zosangalatsaโฆ Zomwe zimanenedwa kuti "sizikugwira ntchito," Washington imagwira ntchito bwino kwa gulu lake lokhazikika, kuphatikiza gulu lankhondo lolandirira alendo ndi alangizi omwe adapereka ndalama zambiri pakugwirizanitsa zamatsenga ndi zachikondi zomwe zikuchitika - komanso atolankhani omwe amapindula ndi zomwe zikuchitika. chiwonetsero cha kusagwira ntchito kwa tsankho komanso "malingaliro". Choncho anapeza Leibovich, molemera zogwirizana ndi Lofgren.
Makadi Ankafunika Zambiri
Kodi Lofgren akuganiza kuti "lingaliro lodzidalira kutiuza kuti mafano amapasa a chitetezo cha dziko ndi mphamvu zamabizinesi ndi ziphunzitso zachikale" zingathandize kuyambitsa ndi kupititsa patsogolo gulu lachitukuko - lomwe lidayamba ndikukhazikika pa Occupy. pa mphamvu zamakampani ndi plutocracy - ndipo ngakhale pa capitalism? Mwina. Tikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chithunzi chotero. Matt Damon, kodi mumakonda gawoli?
Komabe, sitiyenera kuiwala nzeru zofananira kumbuyo kwazaka zoyambirira za 20th kutsimikiza mtima kwa Socialist wa ku America Eugene Debs โkunyamuka ndi, osati ku unyinji,โ mothandizidwa ndi chikhulupiriro cha Debs chakuti โngati mukuyangโana Mose woti akutsogolereni kuchoka mโchipululu cha chikapitalisti ichi, mudzakhala pomwe muli. Ine sindikanati ndikutsogolereni inu ku dziko lolonjezedwa ngati ine ndikanakhoza, chifukwa ngati ine ndikanati ndilowe inu mkati, winawake akanati atulutseni inu.โ[10]
Oyang'anira mabungwe a Grassroots angawoneke ngati chofunikira kwambiri, osati atsogoleri olimbikitsa, omwe angathe kuphedwa kapena kuphedwa mosavuta ndi Deep States ndi zinthu monga zomwe Lofgren akufotokoza Mtsogoleri wina wosiyana ndi zomwe Lofgren akuganiza zinatulukira mu 1960s kuti akwaniritse chipolopolo cha wakupha yemwe ankayembekezera kwa zaka zambiri: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Pambuyo pa Capitalism?
Wina akhoza kudzutsa mafunso ena okhudzana ndi nkhani ya Lofgren. Kodi "ndalama" sikuti ndi gawo chabe la matenda akuya otchedwa capitalism, machitidwe omwewo (momveka bwino kuchokera pazofunikira zake zopezera phindu) asintha kupanga kuchokera ku rustbelt yaku US kupita ku China ndi magawo ena amalipiro otsika padziko lonse lapansi. chuma? Ndi chiyani chomwe chili chabwino chokhudza kupanga, chomwe chimaphatikizapo, pambuyo pa zonse, kuchotsa mwadongosolo antchito ochuluka kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito kulikonse kumene akugwiritsidwa ntchito?[11] Kodi dziko lakuya la US lero likusiyana bwanji ndi dziko lakuya la US, tinene, zaka zomwe C Wrights Mills adalemba The Power Elite (1956), kafukufuku wokulirapo wa akuluakulu aku US, andale, ndi asitikali komanso machitidwe ozungulira omwe adapanga mfundo zaku America komanso gulu la anthu pamasewera azisankho koyambirira kwa Cold War America? Kusiyana kwakukulu kungapezeke pokhudzana ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwa kudalirana kwa mayiko ndi chikhalidwe cha chuma cha mayiko mu nthawi ya neoliberal - phunziro lomwe silikukhudzidwa pang'ono m'nkhani ya Lofgren koma liri pamtima pa buku lina lakale: David Rothkopf's. Superclass: The Global Power Elite ndi Dziko Lomwe Akupanga (New York: Farrar, Straus, ndi Giroux, 2008).
Kodi Lofgren akufuna kuwona chiyani ku US atagonjetsedwa ndi Washington-centered Deep State pa chitsanzo cha bloc ya Soviet mu 1990s? Ulamuliro wa demokalase ndi chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu - ulamuliro weniweni wotchuka ndi ndondomeko zochitira ubwino wamba - sizidzatuluka pamaziko a capitalism yamasiku ano (Zochitika za ku Russia ndi Kum'mawa kwa Ulaya sizolimbikitsa kwenikweni pankhaniyi!)[12] (momwemonso ku Russia ndi Eastern Europe).
Kubwerera ku mfundo za Constitution ya US, yomwe Lofgren akumva chisoni chifukwa cha kusasamala kwake, zikuwoneka ngati zosafunikira kwenikweni. Kuti chikalatacho chinapangidwa ndendende kuti zitsimikizire kuti (kutanthauzira mawu a woyambitsa wa US John Jay za momwe zinthu ziliri mu dziko laling'ono la ku America) dziko lidzayendetsedwa ndi anthu omwe ali nawo.
Zowonongeka ndi Zamkati Zimafunika komanso Zothandiza
Komabe, Lofgren wachita ntchito yabwino kwa ife omwe ali kumanzere kwamanzere omwe timakhulupirira (ndingakonde kunena kuti "onani") kuti United States yakhala wolamulira wankhanza komanso woyendetsedwa ndi makampani. Sizopanda pake kuti otsalira pa nthawi yomaliza ya demokalase yaku America (zaka za m'ma 1960) adakonda mawu a Purezidenti waku US a Dwight Eisenhower kuti atchule katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu (womwalira asanamwalire) C. Wright Mills pozindikira kukhalapo kwa gulu lankhondo lamphamvu komanso loyipa lankhondo- zovuta kukokera zingwe kuseri kwa faรงade ya demokalase yaku America. Kapena zomwe zidasiya odana ndi ma imperialists ndi odana ndi makampani amakonda kunena mawu a General Marine waku US Smedley J. Butler yemwe anali wokongoletsedwa kale momwe analili ngati "munthu wapamwamba kwambiri wa Bizinesi Yaikulu, Wall Street ndi mabanki" m'zaka zingapo zoyambirira. kutumizidwa kwazaka makumi awiri ku Central America ndi Caribbean. Kapena kuti timasangalala kwambiri kutchula John Perkins ' Kuvomereza kwa Mgwirizano wa Economic Economic (2004), "katswiri wazachuma" wakale waku US yemwe adafotokoza momwe adagwiritsidwira ntchito kuthandiza US ndi mabungwe ake azachuma kusaukitsa "maiko omwe akutukuka kumene," amawabera madola mabiliyoni ambiri kwinaku akuwalimbikitsa kuti akhazikitse chuma chawo molingana ndi zosowa za. olemera amtundu wa ndalama. Osatchulanso a Daniel Ellsburg kapena mavumbulutso omwe akupitilira a Snowden, omwe asokoneza mafupa a Deep State ngati kanthu m'makumbukidwe aposachedwa.
Palibe ngati umboni wochokera kwa omwe adagwirapo ntchito kapena (monga momwe zilili ndi Lofgren) pafupi ndi mimba ya chilombo cha Deep State. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa kuti buku la Leibovich likhale lothandiza pazachitukuko chachikulu ndikuti linalembedwa ndi membala wodzivomereza yekha wa bizinesi ya Washington, ndale, ndi media "Club." Magwero oterowo ndi ovuta kwambiri kwa osankhika ndi opembedza mphamvu kuti awachotse kuposa a Mills, a Howard Zinn, a Michael Parenti, kapena Noam Chomsky, zomwe siziri gawo laling'ono chifukwa chake amapeza Gehena yapadera kuchokera kumalo amagetsi omwe sangathenso kutumikira pamene alengeza poyera choonadi chosasangalatsa. Zotsutsa zanga (ndikukhulupirira kuti zina ndizothandiza pamene Lofgren mwina atembenuza nkhani yake kukhala bukhu lake lotsatira) pambali, Mike Lofgren akuyenera kuyamika chifukwa chosapita mwakachetechete ku boma la US lomwe linagwidwa - komanso kukulitsa kutsutsa kwake kwa dongosololi ngati lake. nthawi yotalikirapo ndipo malingaliro operekedwa ndi mtunda amakula.
Buku lotsatira la Street, Amalamulira: 1% v. Demokalase (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, September 2014) akufuna pakati pa zinthu zina kuti akwaniritse mipata ina yomwe yatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi. Msewu ukhoza kufika pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
Mawu Akumapeto Osankhidwa
1. http://billmoyers.com/2014/02/21/anatomy-of-the-deep-state/
2. Kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa boma, onani Pierre Bourdieu, Ntchito Zotsutsa (New York: Free Press, 1998), 2; 22-44; Paul Street, Ufumu ndi Kusagwirizana: America ndi Dziko Lapansi Kuyambira 9/11 (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2004), xiii-xiv, 6-7, 45-46, 107, 150-151, 170.
3. Malingaliro othandiza posachedwapa pa uliberalism wochezeka ndi bizinesi (ndi imperialism ndi zolinga zoyera) za maulamuliro a Obama ndi Clinton akupezeka mu Adolph Reed, Jr., "Palibe Chotsalira: The Long, Slow Surrender of American Liberals, โ Magazini ya Harper (March, 2014). Kuti mudziwe zambiri za chaka choyamba cha Obama paudindo, Paul Street, Zovala Zatsopano za Empire: Barack Obama mu Dziko lenileni la Mphamvu (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2010)
4. Onani kuyankhulana kwake ndi Moyers February 24 wathath at http://billmoyers.com/episode/the-deep-state-hiding-in-plain-sight/
5. Mike Lofgren, "Tsiku Labwino kwa Zonsezo: Zowonetsera za GOP Operative Amene Anasiya Chipembedzo," Wopanda, September 3, 2011, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/3079:goodbye-to-all-that-reflections-of-a-gop-operative-who-left-the-cult
6. Kuti mumve zambiri zanga pa izi, onani "Chifukwa Chake Ndine Wachiyanjano," Open University of the Left (Chicago, Illinois, December 17, 2013), http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buHmNaTGanU
7. Simon Head, "Woyipa Kuposa Wal-Mart: Nkhanza Zodwala za Amazon ndi Mbiri Yachinsinsi ya Ogwira Ntchito Mwankhanza," okonzera, February 23, 2014 www.salon.com/2014/02/23/worse_than_wal_mart_amazons_sick_brutality_and_secret_history_of_ruthlessly_intimidating_works/
8. Noam Chomsky, Zochita (San Francisco, CA: City Lights, 2007), 97-100.
9. http://billmoyers.com/segment/mark-leibovich-on-glitz-and-greed-in-washington/ Moyers anali mlembi wa White House Press kwa Purezidenti wa US Lyndon Baines Johnson kuyambira 1965 mpaka 1967. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Moyers
10. Eugene Debs, "Industrial Unionism" (1905), https://www.marxists.org/archive/debs/works/1905/industrial.htm
. Z Magazine (February 2014): 28-32.
12. Onani, mwachitsanzo, Richard Smith, โBeyond Growth or Beyond Capitalism?โ Wopanda, (Januware 15, 2014), http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/21215-beyond-growth-or-beyond-capitalism
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M'malingaliro mwanga, ndikuganiza kuti nkhani ya Bill Moyers iyenera kukhala ndi "zakuya" pa chikumbumtima cha aliyense. Tadutsa kale pakusintha kuti tipulumutse dziko lapansi. Tili ndi vuto lalikulu pamaso pathu tsopano: kupewa zoyipa zomwe zikubwera mwachangu., kuyesa kuzolowera kusintha komwe umbombo wathu wapanga! Izi zotchedwa Deep-State zikuwononga Dziko Lapansi ndikusintha chilichonse kukhala chinthu. Marichi 17, 2014.
Zikomo chifukwa cha izi, ndipo ndangopeza izi:
Mavuto amapezeka nthawi zina kwa zaka zambiri. Kutalika kwapadera kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti zotsutsana zosachiritsika zadziwonetsera zokha ndipo ngakhale izi, magulu a ndale omwe akuvutika kuti ateteze ndi kuteteza dongosolo lomwe lilipo akuyesetsa kuti awachiritse mkati mwa malire ena ndi kuwagonjetsa. Kuyesetsa kosalekeza ndi kosalekeza (popeza palibe chikhalidwe cha anthu chomwe chidzavomereze kuti chachotsedwa) chimapanga malo ogwirizana, ndipo ndi pa malo awa omwe otsutsa amakonzekera.
Antonio Gramsci, Mabuku a Ndende
ogwidwa mawu mu Speculations on the Stationary State ndi Gopal Balakrishnan, Ndemanga Yatsopano Yakumanzere 59
Richard - zikomo. Ndidayesa kubisa zambiri mu Ulamuliro wa Iwo, womwe uyenera kuti utuluka kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa autumn. Ndikuvomereza kuti "neoliberalism" ndi yocheperako kuposa momwe amaganizira. Mwina mawuwa akubwera mopitilira phindu lake. Zowona, tikamaganizira za nthawi yayitali ya capitalism yaku America, nthawi yayitali ya New Deal (yomwe imagwira ntchito ku 1933-1980) ndiye vuto. Takhala tikubwerera ku chikhalidwe chankhanza cha capitalist mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zomwe zatifikitsa ku Nyengo Yatsopano Yokhazikika yomwe ikufanana ndi yoyambirira ya kusalingana ndi ulamuliro wa plutocracy - ndikupitilira kuwopseza tsogolo labwino posachedwa.
Paul - iyi ndi nkhani yabwino. Komabe, ndikamawerenga, ndimaganiza "Koma akusiyaโฆ, โ koma simunatero. Munagwira pafupifupi njira zonse za anthu osankhika monga momwe ndayesera kudzidziwitsa ndekha. Izi zati, pali kusinthika kwa mabungwe oyang'anira mabungwe olumikizana, kulumikizana ndi kutsanzira zaupandu wolinganizidwa komanso ntchito ya mbendera zabodza ndi zigawenga ku America zomwe zalemera kwambiri pakukhazikitsa nthano yathu yaposachedwa ya dystopian. Dongosolo la maphunziro likuzunguliridwa ndi otsatsa malonda ndipo akuwonongeka, ndipo maphunziro apamwamba ndi osokonezeka. Idzavomereza mzere uliwonse wa propaganda pa chithandizo chotsatira. Lamulo la neoliberal la kunyozetsa ndi kubweza ndalama kenako kubisala zagwira ntchito mpaka kalekale. Mukukumbukira njira zabwino zoyendera anthu ambiri za m'zaka za m'ma 30 zomwe zidagulidwa ndi mabungwe akuluakulu ochepa ndikuwonongeka kuti pakhale kufunikira kwagalimoto? 1% yakhala ikukokera nsapato zake zamatope m'miyoyo yathu.