Ndibwino kuti ntchito yanu yolembedwa ithandizidwe komanso nthawi zina kutsutsidwa ndi zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolo. Mwezi watha wa February, ZNet idasindikiza nkhani yomwe ndidatchulapo za chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu cha kusagwirizana kwa chidziwitso potsutsa kuti anthu ambiri opambana m'mapiko akumanja mwina samakhulupirira zambiri zachabechabe zomwe amafalitsa pazandale, kuphatikiza lingaliro lopanda pake loti pulezidenti wa dziko la United States, Barack Obama, ndi mtsogoleri wa Socialist. Mfundo yaikulu ya mkangano wanga inadziwidwa ndi zimene Leon Festinger anapeza zaka zoposa 1 zapitazo kuti kudziona kuti nโngodzidalira sikufuna kuti anthu azikhulupirira mfundo zabodza ndi zopusa zimene amafalitsa akamapindula mwadala ndi kufalikira kwa malingaliro amenewo. Anthu omwe sapeza kalikonse kapena omwe amavulazidwa ndi ntchito zomwezo - kufalitsa malingaliro otere - amamva kuti ali ndi chikakamizo chamkati kuti akhulupirire ndi kulowetsa malingaliro onama.XNUMX
Mkulu wa Fox Avomereza Kuti Nthano ya "Socialism" ya Obama inali "Zopeka Zolakwika"
Muzojambula zomwe zapezeka posachedwa, gulu lakumanzere la MediaMatters.org likuti, wamkulu wa Fox News adadzitama kuti adanama mobwerezabwereza chakumapeto kwa kampeni yapurezidenti wa 2008 polingalira pamlengalenga kuti Barack Obama amalimbikitsa socialism. Polankhula mu Ogasiti 2009 paulendo wapamadzi wa ku Mediterranean wothandizidwa ndi koleji yakumanja ya Hillsdale, "Mkonzi wamkulu wa Fox Washington a Bill Sammon adalongosola zoyesayesa zake za chaka chatha zogwirizanitsa Obama ndi 'socialism' ngati 'malingaliro olakwika.' Samson, yemwenso ndi wachiลตiri kwa pulezidenti wa Fox News, anavomereza,โ ikutero MediaMatters.org, โkuti โmwamseriโ ankakhulupirira kuti chinenezo cha sosholizimu chinali โchopanda pake.โโ2
Samson ayenera kuti adapeza nkhani yake "yoyipa" ya Obama-ndi-socialist yodabwitsa panthawiyo, koma izi sizinamulepheretse kuyipititsa patsogolo mobwerezabwereza pamlengalenga kapena kutumiza imelo ya October 2008 ku Fox News. ogwira ntchito akuunikira zomwe adazitcha "zofotokozera za Obama ku socialism, liberalism, Marxism ndi Marxists" mu mbiri yake ya 1995 Dreams From My Father. "Atangotumiza imelo," ads MediaMatters.org "Sammon adawonekera pamapulogalamu awiri a Fox News kuti akambirane kafukufuku wake komanso adalemba nkhani ya FoxNews.com yokhudza "kugwirizana kwa Obama ndi Marxists." Samson anagogomezera kwambiri za โubale waunyamata wa a Marxism, unansi wakale wa Obama ndi mlaliki wakumanzere Jeremiah Wright, komanso paubwenzi woti pulezidenti wamtsogolo wamtsogolo ndi William Ayers wakale wazaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi. (Zambiri zina zaphokoso lodabwitsa lochokera kwa munthu wapa Fox News komanso wokamba nkhani wakumanja Sean Hannity pawailesi yanga yamagalimoto patsiku la chisankho mu 3: "Muli ndi maola asanu ndi limodzi [asanu, anayi, atatu ...] owonjezera kuti muyimitse kupambana kwa sosholizimu ndi kutha kwa ufulu m'dziko lalikulu lino povotera John McCain. ndi 2008. Samson analibe chonena, ndithudi, za "zosamala kwambiri"[4]) mbiri ya Obama yovomereza bizinesi / boma-capitalist monga Senator wa US, kupambana kwakukulu kwa Obama kukweza ndalama zowonetsera mbiri kuchokera ku Wall Street ndi corporate America (chinthu chomwe chingawoneke ngati chodabwitsa kwa woyimira pulezidenti wa sosholisti!), kampeni yobwerezabwereza ya Obama ikuwonetsa ngwazi yotsogola ya capitalist Ronald Reagan[2009], kapena mzere wotsatira mu bukhu la kampeni la Obama la 2010. Kukhazikika kwa Chiyembekezo:
'Calvin Coolidge adanenapo kuti 'bizinesi yayikulu ya anthu aku America ndi bizinesi,' ndipo ndithudi, zingakhale zovuta kupeza dziko padziko lapansi lomwe lakhala lochereza alendo ku msika ... chakhala chitukuko chomwe sichinafanane ndi mbiri ya anthu. Zimatengera ulendo wa kutsidya kwa nyanja kuti mumvetse bwino momwe Achimereka abwino ali nazo; ngakhale osauka athu amaona kuti katundu ndi ntchito zosafunika kwenikweniโmagetsi, madzi aukhondo, mipope ya mโnyumba, matelefoni, mawailesi yakanema, ndi ziลตiya zapakhomoโzimene mpaka pano padziko lonse lapansi sizingatheke. America mwina idadalitsidwa ndi malo ena abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, koma mwachiwonekere sizinthu zathu zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tipambane pazachuma. Chuma chathu chachikulu chakhala dongosolo lathu lothandizira anthu, dongosolo lomwe kwa mibadwomibadwo lakhala likulimbikitsa kusinthika kosalekeza, kuyesetsa kwapayekha komanso kugawa bwino chumaโฆmsika wathu waulere."7
Samson adapitiliza (munkhani yake yapanyanja ya 2009) kunena kuti lingaliro lake "loyipa" la Obama ngati sosholisti lidatsimikizidwa kuti ndi lolondola ndi mfundo zomwe a Obama adatsatira, kuphatikiza "kulanda" kwa "magalimoto" a White House. Koma ndikukayika kuti Samsoni anakhulupiriradi zimenezo. Kubwezeredwa kwa galimoto ku White House kunasiya udindo wawo woyang'anira ndikuukira ndalama za penshoni za ogwira ntchito komanso chitetezo chachuma chomwe chinali chowopsa kuposa zomwe makampani akuluakulu amagalimoto akanachita okha. Mโmawu olamulira a Obama onena za capitalism ya boma monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito pamakampani a magalimoto, boma lidali lachikapitalist mopanda chifundo kuposa ma capitalist iwonso, kusiya wolemba nkhani wamkulu wazachuma ku New York Times Floyd Norris kudabwa ndi chiwonetsero cha Obama โkuphunzitsa capitalism kwa opanga magalimoto. โ[8] Zochita zake zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi โsocialism,โ ngakhale kuti abale a Koch omwe amalandila ndalama za Tea Party amalandila ndalama za Obama ponena za โkulanda kwa Marxist m'mabizinesi abizinesi.โ Mfundo yomweyi ikukhudza chisamaliro chaumoyo chogwirizana ndi makampani komanso โkusintha kwachumaโ โ ndondomeko za chilengedwe, ndi zina zambiri.9
Chipani cha Tea chamanyazi ndi Fox "News" chikuyitanitsa United States kuti "ichoke" ku "socialism" ndipo "Marxism" ndizopusa. Zalembedwa mofala kuti mabizinesi akuluakulu adakhalapo kale ndipo akadali ndi mwayi wochita nawo ndale za ku America (m'maboma onse a Democratic ndi Republican), komanso kuti akuluakulu abizinesi a capitalist amatsogola pazopereka za kampeni ndi njira zokopa anthu, akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo kwa akuluakulu andale ku US. dongosolo ndi mbali zonse.[10] Ndine wotsimikiza kuti Samsoni amadziwa bwino izi. Ndikulakalaka ndikanatha kunena zomwezo za ambiri mwa owonera komanso omvera ake omwe alibe mwayi, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kulowa mkati komanso kuteteza mwamphamvu nkhani zabodza zomwe zimapereka phindu ndi ndalama kwa eni ake ndi oyang'anira media media.
Kusintha Kweniyeni Kudzayenera Kugwira Ntchito Kuchokera Pansi Kumwamba
Tsopano pankhani ina - yomwe mbiri yakale sinagwirizane ndi zolemba zanga. Mu March 2011 nkhani ya Z Magazine (kusindikiza), ndidadzudzula olemba nkhani omasuka a New York Times a Paul Krugman ndi a Bob Herbert chifukwa cholephera kutsagana ndi kudzudzula kwawo kwa Obama ndi a Democrats pomwe apakati, ndale zachiyanjano zamabizinesi ndi kuyitanitsa mtundu uliwonse wamagulu ndi ziwonetsero zamagulu ndi ziwonetsero zotchuka. Izi zokha zitha kukakamiza purezidenti ndi chipani chake kusamuka. Krugman kapena Herbert โsanaone kuti nโkoyenera,โ ndinalemba motero, โkuyitanitsa nyumbayo, kumangidwanso, ndi kukulitsa magulu a anthu ogwira ntchito mโmidzi ndi otsutsa omwe angafunikire kukakamiza andale ogwidwa ndi mabizinesi. opanga ndondomeko kuti atsatire njira zowonjezera. " Ndinagwira mawu wolemba mbiri wamkulu waku America Howard Zinn, yemwe adakumbutsa otsatirawa mu 2009: "Palibe china chofunikira kwambiri chomwe anthu angaphunzire kuposa mfundo yakuti chinthu chovuta kwambiri si yemwe akukhala mu White House, koma ndani. wakhala muโmโmisewu, mโmalo odyera, mโmaholo a boma, mโmafakitale. Ndani akutsutsa, yemwe ali ndi maudindo ndikuwonetsa - izi ndizomwe zimatsimikizira zomwe zimachitika." [11] Kusowa kwa chidziwitso choyambira cha Zinn kuchokera m'zolemba za olemba awiri otsogola a Times '("otsalira" m'mawu ovomerezeka a FOX News ndi wailesi yakumanja yakumanja) adatchulidwa munkhani yanga ngati chimodzi mwazifukwa zambiri zokayikirira. kuwona mtima kwa akonzi a New York Times 'kenako zonena zaposachedwa kuti zakhumudwitsidwa chifukwa chakusowa kwamphamvu kumanzere ku US12.
Nkhani yanga inatumizidwa pa February 1, 2011. Patatha masiku khumi, Herbert analemba ndime ya Times yotchedwa โWhen Democracy Weaken.โ Herbert anali ndi nkhawa kuti dziko la US "lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala demokalase m'dzina lokha" chifukwa "omwe ali ndi mphamvu zenizeni mdziko muno akhala akulamulidwa ndi akuluakulu azachuma ndi makampani. Zilibe kanthu kuti anthu wamba amafuna chiyani. Olemera amaimba nyimbo, ndipo andale amavina.โ Kuonjezera apo: โMonga ngati kusagwirizana kwa makampani pa demokalase ya ku America sikunali kolimba mokwanira, Khoti Lalikulu Lalikulu linachilimbitsa kwambiri ndi chigamulo chake cha Citizens United, chomwe chinakulitsa kwambiri mphamvu zokulirapo za ndalama zamakampani mu ndale. Anthu wamba ku Amereka alibe mwayi weniweni wopita ku makonde amphamvu, koma mukhoza kubetcherana tikiti yanu yomaliza ya Lotto imene akuluakulu osankhidwa anu amamvetsera pamene ndalama zabungwe zikulankhula.โ Izi zinali zoyambira zoyambirira za munthu wamkulu waku America. Komabe, sizachilendo kumva ndemanga zolimba mtima zotere zikunenedwa mu "zambiri" zoulutsira mawu ku US.
Ndiyeno panali izi kumapeto kwa ndime ya Herbert: โNdinadya chakudya chamasana ndi wolemba mbiri Howard Zinn milungu ingapo asanamwalire mu January 2010. Anakhumudwa ndi mmene zinthu zinalili ku US koma sanachite mantha. 'Ngati padzakhala masinthidwe,' iye anatero, 'kusintha kwenikweni, kudzayenera kugwira ntchito kuchokera pansi kupita m'mwamba, kuchokera kwa anthu enieniwo.' โฆNdinaganiza za izi ndikamawonera nkhani za zikondwerero zosangalatsidwa mโmisewu ya ku Cairo.โ[13] Posachedwapa, Herbert atha kuganizanso za ndemanga za Zinn, mosakayika, monga mazana a zikwi za ogwira ntchito mโboma ndi Otsatira awo adalowa m'misewu ndikukhala m'maholo aboma ku Madison, Wisconsin pachiwonetsero chachikulu cha milungu ingapo motsutsana ndi mfundo zotsutsana ndi mgwirizano wa bwanamkubwa wakumanja waku Wisconsin Scott Walker.
Ndine wokondwa kuwongolera Herbert. Koma apa pali kutsata kosangalatsa pakuwongolera kwanga, komwe kukuwonetsa kuti kutengera kwanga kochulukirapo pa Times kuli kolondola monga kale. Pafupifupi milungu iwiri yapitayo, Herbert adalemba gawo lake lomaliza la nyuzipepala yayikulu yomwe ili ndi mawu odzikuza kwambiri "Nkhani Zonse Zoyenera Kusindikiza" pamutu wake wonse. Kunali kutsutsa momveka bwino za makhalidwe abwino a dziko (US) omwe angathe "kutsanulira ... ndalama zodzaza ndi ndalama ku nkhondo ina, nthawi ino ku Libya, panthawi imodzimodziyo akugwetsa ndalama za sukulu, kutseka malaibulale, kusiya aphunzitsi ndi apolisi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasiya kutsika kuchokera ku moyo wabwino kuno kwathuโฆmakampani ndi olemera kwambiri akupitilizabe kuchita bwino. Vuto la ntchito silimathetsedwa. Nkhondo sizithaโฆ. โ
Ndime ya Herbert inatha modabwitsa, akumalengeza kuti iyi inali gawo lake lomaliza la Times ndikuti amamaliza ntchito yake yazaka 18 papepala kuti "ndiwonjeze kuyesetsa kwanga m'malo mwa anthu ogwira ntchito, osauka ndi ena omwe akuvutikira. gulu." [14] Monga momwe Gilles d'Amery analembera ponena za uthenga wotsazikana wa Herbert: โMwachiwonekere, chotchedwa pepala laufulu la mbiri si malo oyenerera a zolinga zabwino zoterozo. [15] Zolondola.
Zowonadi, ndidadzifunsa ngati Herbert ali paulendo atawerenga gawo lake la February 11. Pofotokoza chifukwa chake chikhalidwe cha nzeru ndi ndale za ku Britain sichinali chopambana kuposa cha Soviet Union, George Orwell nthawi ina anafotokoza (m'mawu osasindikizidwa a buku lake lotsutsana ndi Stalinist Animal Farm) kuti makina osindikizira akumadzulo ndi a amuna olemera omwe ali ndi zida zamphamvu. chidwi ndi zinthu zina zomwe sizikunenedwa.
Paul Street (www.paulstreet.org) ndiye wolemba zolemba zambiri, mitu, zokamba, ndi mabuku, kuphatikiza Ufumu ndi Kusagwirizana: America ndi Dziko Lapansi Kuyambira 9/11 (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2008); Kuponderezana Kwamitundu mu Global Metropolis (New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007; Sukulu Zosiyanitsidwa: Tsankho la Maphunziro mu Nyengo ya Pambuyo pa Ufulu Wachibadwidwe (New York: Routledge, 2005); Barack Obama ndi Tsogolo la Ndale zaku America (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2008); Zovala Zatsopano za Empire: Barack Obama mu Dziko lenileni la Mphamvu (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2010); ndi (wolemba ndi Anthony DiMaggio, Kusokoneza Phwando la Tiyi: Mass Media ndi Kampeni Yopanganso Ndale zaku America (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, May 2011). Msewu utha kufikika pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
zolemba
1 Nayi gawo lofunikira la zomwe ndidalemba: "Kodi Glenn Beck, Sean Hannity, abwana awo Rupert Murdoch, owononga mabiliyoni akulu a Koch abale (otsogolera azachuma a 'Tea Party'), ndi Sarah Palin amakhulupiriradi kuti America ndi kusokonezedwa ndi thandizo la ndalama zamabanja aboma komanso malipiro a ogwira ntchito m'boma; kuti kutentha kwa dziko ndi chiwembu champhamvu; ndi kuti Obama ndi wamanzere wamtendere yemwe wayambitsa kupundutsa socialism ya bureaucratic? Atha kapena ayi koma sakuyenera kutero kuti avomereze kufalitsa kwawo malingaliro otere chifukwa malingaliro amenewo akuwapangitsa kukhala olemera kwambiri. Wogwira ntchito yomanga yemwe amathandizira kupeputsa moyo wake wakuthupi poyimba lipenga zotsutsana ndi mgwirizano wa Rush Limbaugh sapeza mphotho yakunja yodzitukumula kotero kuti amamva kukakamizidwa kuti atengere malingaliro opusa a Beck ndi ma ilk ake onyenga amakhulupirira kapena kunamizira. khulupirirani.โ Onani Paul Street, "Pamene Zowona Zilibe Zofunika: Kusinkhasinkha Kumanzere pa Kubwereranso, Propaganda, ndi Momwe Mungamenyere (kapena Osamenyana) ndi Kumanja," ZNet, February 17, 2011 at https://znetwork.org/when-facts-don-t-matter-by-paul-street. Pa kafukufuku woyambirira wa cognitive dissonance, onani Leon Festinger ndi JM Carlsmith, "Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance," Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology (1959), 58(2), 203โ210.
2 Erik Hananoki, "Cruise Ship Confession: Top Fox News Executive Avomereza Kunama Pa Air Zokhudza Obama," MediaMatters For America (March 29, 2011), anawerenga pa http://mediamatters.org/blog/201103290006. Zikomo Anthony DiMaggio pondiuza za chinthuchi.
3 Hananoki, "Kuvomereza Sitima Yapamadzi."
4 Paul Street ndi Anthony DiMaggio, Crashing the Tea Party: Mass Media ndi Campaign Remake American Politics (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, ikubwera mu May 2011).
5 "Maganizo ake a mbiriyakale, polemekeza miyambo, m'kukayikira kwake kuti dziko lingasinthidwe mwanjira iliyonse koma pang'onopang'ono," mtolankhani wapakati Larissa MacFarquhar adanena mu nyuzipepala ya New Yorker mu May 2007, " Obama ndi wosamala kwambiri. " Larissa MacFarquhar, "The Conciliator: Kodi Barack Obama Akuchokera Kuti," The New Yorker (May 7, 2007).
6 Paul Street, Barack Obama ndi Tsogolo la Politics zaku America (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2008), 20-36, 96-97.
7 Barack Obama, Kukhazikika kwa Chiyembekezo: Malingaliro pa Kubwezeretsa Maloto a America (New York: Henry Crown, 2006), 149-150.
8 Floyd Norris, "US Imaphunzitsa Opanga Magalimoto," New York Times, November 20, 2009. Kale "m'masiku oipa akale, pamene anthu omwe amaganiziridwa kuti ndi capitalist anali kuyendetsa Detroit," Norris analemba, makampani opanga magalimoto ankadalira kukulitsa voliyumu kupyolera mu kuchepetsa mitengo ndi kuchepetsa mitengo. "mapangano obwereketsa okoma," onse amapangidwa kuti azisunga ndalama komanso kusunga magawo amsika. Koma, poyang'anizana ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu (UAW), opanga magalimoto atatu akuluakulu adalephera m'malingaliro a Norris kuyang'ana pa phindu la capitalist, zomwe zikanafuna kutseka kwa zomera ndi kuwombera antchito. Zinthuzi zidakonzedwa ndi olamulira a Obama, akunamiziridwa kuti ndi "socialism" M'malingaliro a Norris. "Zotsatira zake," adatero Norris, "zinali zochepetsera ntchito, osati zomwe mungayembekezere kuchokera kwa oyang'anira osankhidwa ndi mabungwe othandizira. Mabungwewo anataya malipiro awo ochuluka a antchito ochotsedwa. Kunena zowona, mapulani azaumoyo amgwirizanowu sanachitiridwe mwankhanza monga momwe amakongoledwa ena amachitira, koma pamapeto pake angongole ndi antchito onse adalipira zolakwa za oyang'anira akale. โ
9 Onani Paul Street, The Empire's New Clothes: Barack Obama mu Real World of Power (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2010). 9-46, kuchokera mโmutu wakuti โBusiness Rule As Usual.โ
10 Charles E. Lindblom, Politics and Markets: The World's Political-Economic Systems (New York: Basic Books, 1977); David Lowery ndi Holly Brasher, Zokonda Zogwirizana ndi Boma la America (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004); Frank Baumgartner, Jeffrey M. Berry, Marie Hojnacki, David C. Kimball, ndi Beth L. Leech, Lobbying and Policy Change: Ndani Amapambana, Ndani Amatayika, ndi Chifukwa Chiyani (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009); Thomas Ferguson, Golden Rule: The Investment Theory of Party Competition and Logic of Money-Driven Political Systems (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995); Anthony J. Nownes, Pressure and Power: Zokonda Zogwirizana mu American Politics (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2001); Darrell M. West ndi Burdett A. Loomis, Phokoso la Ndalama: Momwe Zokonda Zandale Zimapezera Zomwe Zikufuna (New York: Norton, 1998); G. William Domhoff, The Power Elite ndi State: Momwe Ndondomeko Imapangidwira ku America (Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 1990); Floyd Hunter, Mapangidwe a Mphamvu Zamagulu: Phunziro la Opanga zisankho (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1969); C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2000); Charles C. Lindblom, "The Market as Prison," Journal of Politics 44, no. 2 (1982): 324โ336.
11 Paul Street, "'Palibe Champion': The New York Times Imadzinamizira Kuti Yakhumudwa Chifukwa Cha Kufooka Kwa Kumanzere," Z Magazine, Marichi 2011.
12 โMโvuto lapitalo lazachuma,โ analemba motero akonzi a Times, โchisonkhezero cha anthu chakhala chikukulitsa mphamvu za boma la dzikolo kuthetsa zosoลตa zazikulu za Amereka. Zochonderera zolimbikitsa kudzipereka kwa dziko pa kufanana ndi ubwino zakhala zikumveka ngati za ufulu. Tsopano ambiri amene akuvutika alibe ngwazi wopita patsogolo. Kumanzere kwapereka gawolo ku Tea Party ndipo, potero, adalola kuti ipange mbiri. Ikupanga mphamvu zandale pogulitsa lonjezo lakubwerera ku nthano zakale. โ Olemba a New York Times, "The Repeal Amendment," New York Times, December 26, 2010.
13 Bob Herbert, "Pamene Demokalase Imafooka," New York Times, February 11, 2011 pa http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/12/opinion/12herbert.html
14 Bob Herbert, "Kutaya Njira Yathu," New York Times, Marichi 25, 2011.
15 Gilles d'Aymery, โBlips # 107: From the Martian Desk,โ Swans Commentary (March 28, 2011) pahttp://www.swans.com/library/art17/desk107.html
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