Ngati titha kuzindikira kuti ndalama zokulitsa nkhondo ku Afghanistan zinali zosaloledwa, zachiwerewere, zotsutsana ndi zofuna za anthu, zowopsa pazachuma, zopanda phindu pazokha, komanso kulephera mwadala mwadala, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chingasinthe. Pokhapokha ngati anthu agwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsocho pokakamiza oyimilira awo kuti avotere Ayi. Chifukwa zambiri mwa izi ndizodziwika bwino. Komabe ndikuganiza kuti ndi malo abwino oyambira, ndiye ndiroleni nditenge mfundo izi imodzi imodzi.
1. KODI NDI MALOWA?
Pansi pa malamulo apakhomo, kupereka ndalama zowonjezera kungakhale kovomerezeka. Ngakhale nkhondoyo siinalengedwe mwalamulo, ndipo ngakhale ndalamazo zitachotsedwa m'mabuku, wina atha kutsutsa bwino kuti ndalamazo ndizolengeza zankhondo. Koma pansi pa Charter ya UN, lomwe ndi lamulo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pansi pa Gawo VI la Constitution yathu, nkhondo ndi mlandu. Zokhazo ndizodziteteza kapena chilolezo cha UN Security Council. Kuukira kwa Afghanistan kulinso chimodzimodzi. Chilichonse chomwe chikuperekedwa ku ntchito yomwe ikupitilira, ndiko kupitiriza kwa nkhondo yosaloledwa.
Kubwezera simalo ovomerezeka ankhondo ndipo sikumveka kwenikweni pazolinga zake. Obera 9-11 anali atafa kale osati ochokera ku Afghanistan. Zokonzekera zambiri zidachitika ku Europe ndi dziko lino. Ndipo Al Qaeda sali ku Afghanistan. Tikulimbana ndi a Taliban kuti, chifukwa ndi ntchito yakunja ndipo palibe ntchito zina, amalimbikitsa a Taliban osakondedwa kwambiri, omwe sangayitanire Al Qaeda ku Afghanistan ngati zingatheke. Ndipo Al Qaeda ku Afghanistan sakanapangitsa United States kukhala yotetezeka kwambiri kuposa Al Qaeda m'malo omwe ali pano, kupatula momwe timakwiyitsa anthu aku Afghanistan kutitsutsa.
Bungwe la International Military Tribunal ku Nuremberg linanena kuti nkhondo yaukali "si mlandu wapadziko lonse lapansi; ndi mlandu waukulu wapadziko lonse lapansi, wosiyana ndi milandu ina yankhondo chifukwa mkati mwake muli zoipa zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa." Nayenso ndi ameneyu. Zolakwa zathu zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimapha anthu ambiri, kuyang'ana anthu wamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mabomba osakanikirana ndi uranium yatha, kupha, kumanga anthu popanda mlandu, nkhanza ndi kuzunza. Bungwe la United Nations lachenjeza dziko la United States kuti likuchulukirachulukira kugwiritsa ntchito ma drones osaloledwa. Mlembi wakale wothandizira boma pa nthawi ya utsogoleri wa Bush adalemba mu Washington Post pa Epulo 2 kuti ngati Khothi Lalikulu Lapadziko Lonse liyamba kuzenga milandu yankhanza chaka chino, omwe angatsutsidwe aphatikizanso mamembala a Congress omwe amapereka ndalama zankhondo.
Ngati sititsutsa zolakwa kapena kuzifufuza, zimabwerezedwa ndi dziko lathu ndi ena. Posachedwa mu February mlembi wa atolankhani ku White House adati Purezidenti ali wokonzeka kuukira Iran. M'malo mwake, Purezidenti Obama adatsimikiza kuti ali ndi mphamvu zopanga nkhondo polandila mphotho yamtendere ku Oslo, ndipo posachedwapa adakhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zanyukiliya motsutsana ndi mayiko omwe si a nyukiliya, kupatula Iran.
2. KODI NDI CHIWERERO?
Kuti tikhulupirire zofalitsa zathu, kupha anthu wamba ndivuto la ndale kapena pagulu. Koma kwa anthu omwe anaphedwa ndi okondedwa awo ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa izo. Ndipo kodi kwenikweni tikutanthauza chiyani ponena za anthu wamba? Ngati dziko lathu likanakhala lotanganidwa kodi tingaone kuti nโzololedwa kupha amene akumenyana koma osaloledwa kupha amene satero? Zingakhale zothandiza kuona zinthu kwakanthawi monga mmene dziko lonse limaonera. Koma ngakhale ndi tanthauzo lathu la anthu wamba, ambiri mwa anthu omwe timawapha ndi ma drones ndi anthu wamba. Lolemba, Washington Post's stenographer adafalitsa nkhani ya CIA kuti ndi chida chaching'ono chatsopano adapha munthu ndikupha ena asanu ndi anayi okha. Koma ngakhale munthu m'modzi yemwe akumuyang'anira amakhala wolakwa pongodzinenera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mlandu wokana ntchito yakunja, yomwe ili yovomerezeka.
Mwina timapha anthu ambiri pakuukira kwausiku tsopano kuposa ndi ma drones, kukankha zitseko ndi kuwombera aliyense amene amabwera kudzathandiza. Ngati kuwomberana kwa ana asukulu omangidwa ndi unyolo kuli kosiyana, ngati kukumba zipolopolo mwa amayi apakati ndi mipeni pomwe ena amanama akutuluka magazi mpaka kufa, ndiye kuti kunama pazomwe zikuchitika tsopano kwadziwika ngati chizolowezi. Ndipo kupepesa ndi malipiro opha anthu olakwika, ngati kuti pangakhale anthu abwino, nโzofala. General McChrystal akuti mwa anthu onse omwe tidawapha pamalo ochezera, palibe ndi m'modzi yemwe adawopseza. Kupha anthu aku Afghanistan ndi ntchito ya asitikali aku US. Mayankho ku kanema waposachedwa wotulutsidwa ndi wikileaks waku Iraq adaphatikizirapo kuti adawonetsa chochitika chodabwitsa komanso kuti zomwe adawonetsa zidali mkati mwa malamulo a chinkhoswe. M'malo mwake zomwe zidachitikazi zinali zofanana ndi zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kumayiko akunja, komanso zankhondo zaku Iraq ndi Afghanistan monga momwe adafotokozera akale ankhondozo muumboni wawo wa Winter Soldier womwe ukupezeka patsamba la Iraq Veterans Against the War.
Tikupha anthu masauzande ambiri pachaka, kuphatikiza osakhala wamba, kuphatikiza asitikali opitilira 1,000 aku US okhala ndi ovulala opitilira 5,000, kuphatikiza omenyera nkhondo, kuphatikiza omwe adapezeka ndi kuvulala muubongo atachoka ku Afghanistan, kuphatikiza kudzipha komwe tsopano kuli kwakukulu kuposa kufa kwankhondo, kuphatikiza nkhanza kwa ena zomwe asitikali amabweretsa kunyumba, kuphatikiza aliyense woonongeka ndi heroin pa nthawi yomwe tinkagwira ntchito ku Afghanistan. Kutsutsa kuti anyamata ena amapha anthu wamba kuposa momwe timachitira sikutanthauza, ndipo mwachiwonekere si mfundo yomwe anthu aku Afghanistan amalemera kwambiri. Malinga ndi maganizo awo, tikupha abale awo, kaya ndi anthu wamba kapena ayi, ndipo ife ndife alendo. Tangoganizani ngati dziko la Afghanistan lingakhazikitse lamulo lofanana ndi la Arizona lofuna zikalata zodziwika kuchokera kwa anthu omwe amawoneka ngati akunja. Ganizirani yemwe angagwirizane ndi mbiriyo.
3. KODI ZIKUSUSANA NDI CHIFUNIRO CHA BANTU?
Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Kandahar, dera lomwe kuchulukirako akukonzekera, adapeza kuti 94% ya anthu kumeneko amakonda kukambirana zamtendere kuposa kuukira kwa US, ndipo 85% amawona a Taliban ngati "abale athu a Afghanistan." Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi bungwe lankhondo la United States Army.
Kubwerera mu December, ofufuza a ku United States anafunsa anthu a ku America ngati akuthandizira ndalama zowonjezera, ndipo m'mavoti angapo ambiri adanena Ayi. Choncho mamembala ambiri a congress adavotera ndalama zambiri zankhondo koma adalonjeza kutsutsa ndalama zowonjezera m'chaka. Kenako White House idayamba kukulirakulira, ndipo ovota (mwachiwonekere akuganiza kuti msonkhano wathu wautumiki upereka ndalama zonse zomwe pulezidenti wayamba kale, ngakhale anthu atatsutsa) adasiya kuvota pakukwera. Povotera pankhondo, ochita kafukufuku amapeza kuti anthu aku US akugawanika kapena kutsamira pang'ono pothandizira. Koma amafunsa ngati anthu amathandizira purezidenti, osati kuti akufuna kuti nkhondoyo ipitirire nthawi yayitali bwanji kapena ndiye chisankho chawo chabwino kwambiri choti agwiritse ntchito madola thililiyoni. Anthu ambiri aku America amaganiza kuti akuyenera kunena kuti amathandizira pulezidenti, ndipo ena amasankha kuthandizira chipani cha ndale, koma maphwando akuluakulu onse amathandizira nkhondoyi (yomwe, mwa njira, idzachititsa kuti ma Democrat ambiri azikhala kunyumba mu November).
Liti Democrats.com kuvota komwe kuli ndi ndalama ku Iraq komwe palibe wina aliyense angachite, tidapeza ambiri akukomera Congress kuchotsa ndalamazo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti titha kupeza izi ku Afghanistan osachepera kufa kwakufa. Ndipo chowonjezera ichi sikupangitsa kuti nkhondo ipitirire koma kukulitsa, zomwe anthu aku America adatsutsa atafunsidwa.
Tsopano, ndizovuta kuti tidziwe zomwe zikuchitika ku Afghanistan. Koma palibe amene anganene kuti 94% ya Kandaharis sadziwa Kandahar.
Dzulo, Pentagon inapereka lipoti latsopano lopeza kuti mmodzi mwa anthu anayi a ku Afghanistani m'madera ofunikira amathandizira boma la Karzai, chiwawa chakwera 87% m'chaka chathachi, ogwirizana a ku Ulaya akuthandizira, ziphuphu zikuchulukirachulukira, zigawenga zikulamulirabe Marjah, a Taliban akukula. , ndipo boma la Afghanistan likuchepa mphamvu.
4. KODI NDI VUTO LA CHUMA?
Ndalama zomwe tikugwiritsa ntchito kupha anthu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupulumutsa miyoyo yambiri. Choncho ziwerengero za ovulala ziyenera kuwirikiza kawiri. Titha kupulumutsa mamiliyoni ku njala ndi matenda padziko lonse lapansi kapena ku Afghanistan kapena dziko lathu. Titha kukhala ndi ntchito za 20 zobiriwira zolipira $ 50,000 pachaka kwa msirikali aliyense wotumizidwa ku Afghanistan: ntchito kwa msirikali wakaleyo ndi ena 19, ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwamafuta ndi gasi ndi mapaipi ndi maziko. Tikuwononga ndalama zokwana $100 pa galoni kuti tibweretse gasi ku Afghanistan komwe asitikali aku US adagwiritsa ntchito magaloni 27 miliyoni azinthu mwezi watha. Tikugwiritsa ntchito mamiliyoni mazanamazana kupereka ziphuphu ku mayiko kuti akhale gawo la zomwe timayesa kuti ndi mgwirizano. Tikuwononga ndalama zambiri kuti tipereke ziphuphu ku Afghans kuti alowe mbali yakumanja, khama lomwe lalemba 646 mwa asitikali a 36,000 a Taliban, koma adataya ambiri omwe adatenga ndalamazo ndikuthamangira mbali ina.
Tawononga $ 268 biliyoni popanga nkhondo ku Afghanistan, ndikugwiritsa ntchito Linda Bilmes ndi Joseph Stiglitz 'kuwunika kwa Iraq tiyenera kuchulukitsa ndi zinayi kapena zisanu kuti tipeze ndalama zenizeni kuphatikiza ngongole, chisamaliro chankhondo akale, mitengo yamagetsi, ndi mwayi wotayika. Kuyika ndalama zaboma m'mafakitale ena ambiri kapena kuchepetsa msonkho kumabweretsa ntchito zambiri kuposa ndalama zankhondo. M'malo mwake, kuwononga ndalama zankhondo ndizachuma, komanso zamakhalidwe, zomwe Congress ingachite. Ndipo iyi ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri pazachuma pazaka makumi ambiri kuchita zinthu zoyipa kwambiri zomwe mungachite.
5. KODI NDIKOSABWEZA PA MFUNDO ZAKE?
Pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachigawenga padziko lonse taona kuchuluka kwa uchigawenga padziko lonse. Zida zomwe zimayenera kulimbana ndi uchigawenga zitha kulimbana nazo, koma zotsatira zake ndizowonjezera.
Kafukufuku wa RAND Corporation yemwe wangotulutsidwa kumene adayang'ana 89 mwa zomwe amatcha zigawenga. Ndi boma lofooka, monga la Meya wa Kabul, zigawenga zinapambana 90% ya nthawiyo. Pamwamba pa zomwe ife tiri, kachiwiri, kulankhula za ntchito yachilendo. Ngakhale m'dziko lathu lomwe, ngati Purezidenti Obama akanakhaladi mlendo, ndiye kuti pakanakhala kupanduka.
Akatswiri athu ankhondo kuphatikiza Mtsogoleri wa 31st wa Marine Corps yemwe adapuma pantchito ati tifunika mazana masauzande ankhondo kuti tichite zomwe tikuyesera. Ndipo General Petraeus's counterinsurgency manual akuti ntchito za anthu wamba ziyenera kukhala 80% ya zomwe mumachita. Amenewo angakhale mamiliyoni a anthu wamba.
Mlangizi wa National Security Advisor akuti asitikali ambiri aku US atha "kumezedwa."
6. KODI NDIKULEPHERA CHOFUKWA CHOCHITIKA KWAMBIRI?
M'chilimwe chatha ambiri a Democrats mu Nyumbayi adavotera zomwe zimatchedwa njira yotuluka. Choonadi chosavuta chatayika. Simutuluka pankhondo poikulitsa.
Sitinatuluke ku Iraq pokulitsa. Sitinatuluke konse, ndipo kukwera sikumalongosola kuchepa kwa ziwawa. Ndipo zikadatero, tikadafunikabe mazana masauzande ankhondo kuti achite ku Afghanistan. Tili ndi asitikali ndi asitikali a 198,000 ku Iraq. Ndipo ziwawa zili pansi apo chifukwa anthu ambiri amwalira ndikuthawa kwawo, chifukwa tsiku loti achoke lalengezedwa, makamaka chifukwa asitikali achoka m'matauni. Atasiya kulondera kuti achite zachiwawa, chiwawacho chinatsika, chifukwa chiwawacho chinali kuyendetsedwa ndi ntchitoyo.
Chiwawa chidzagwanso ku Afghanistan ngati asitikali aku US abwerera, ngakhale atayambitsa chiwembu chakupha komanso chopanda phindu. Ndipo mwina ndilo lingaliro lachipongwe, kubwereranso ndikuchepetsa (koma osatha) ntchitoyo pambuyo pa nkhondo yopanda pake yomwe inamenyedwa ndi zolinga zandale zaku US kapena kusangalatsa gulu lankhondo lankhondo. Tikudziwa kuti chaka chatha Pulezidenti Obama adatumiza asilikali ena a 21,000 ndi asilikali ena a 5,000 ku Afghanistan, ndipo chiwawacho chinawonjezeka chifukwa cha izi. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti Purezidenti adati atumiza kaye asitikaliwo kenako ndikukonzekera mapulani a Afghanistan pambuyo pake. Kutumiza asilikali kunali kutha mwa iko kokha.
Tikudziwa kuti mapaipi ndi mabwalo akuluakulu ankhondo ndi gawo la mapulani omwe akufuna, koma momwemonso ndikupambana zisankho kunyumba, komwe kutsutsidwa ndi nkhondo kumabwera.
7. TICHITA CHIYANI? (CHICHIMO CHOSILUTSA)
Ziribe kanthu kuti Afghanistan ndi yoyipa bwanji pamene asitikali aku US achoka, sangakhale malo abwino okhalamo akamagwira ntchito yakunja. Ndipo Afghanistan yomwe idakhalapo pambuyo pake ikuyenera kukhala yoipitsitsa ngati ntchitoyo idatenga nthawi yayitali. Ndilo lingaliro la Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan. Cholinga chathu chachikulu ndikusiya kuchita zachiwawa ndikutuluka ku Afghanistan ndi Pakistan ndi Iraq, ndikusiya kupereka zida kwa Israeli ndi Egypt. Ndipo ngati sitingapeze njira yopezera ndalama zothandizira kubwezeredwa ndi chithandizo ndi chitukuko popanda kuwongolera ndi kulamulira, ndiye kuti tiyenera kusiya tokha.
Koma palibe chifukwa chomwe asilikali athu sakanatha kugwiritsira ntchito kulimba mtima kwawo kuyeretsa mabomba a magulu asananyamuke. Palibe chifukwa chomwe sitingathe kulipirira ulimi wosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga kazembe wathu ku Afghanistan amatilangiza kuti tichite m'malo mokulitsa nkhondo. Ron Fisher, yemwe adathandizira kukonzekera chochitika ichi, ali ndi ndondomeko yomwe ilipo patebulo. Jobsforafghans.org amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwana madola 5 biliyoni pantchito zantchito kudzera mu National Solidarity Programme, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi atsogoleri osankhidwa akumaloko.
Anthu aku America akuyesera izi popanda boma lawo. Asilikali akukana malamulo oletsedwa. Oimba whistleblower akuyika ntchito zawo pachiswe komanso ufulu wawo. Otsutsa akupita kundende.
Kodi Congress ingachite chiyani?
M'malingaliro amodzi, Congress imangokhudza Purezidenti. Kotero pempho lopanda mano kuti athetse nkhondoyo ndi bwino ngati kuvota Ayi pa ndalamazo. Koma m'malingaliro ena, sikuti apurezidenti amangoyankha bwino pakuwopseza kwenikweni, koma Congress ikuyenera kupanga msonkhano waukulu wokwanira kuti avotere ndalama zankhondo ngati Purezidenti avomereza kapena ayi. Kuchita izi kumayika mphamvu zankhondo pomwe Constitution yathu imayiyika mwanzeru ndikuletsa nkhondo zamtsogolo ndikumaliza zomwe zilipo.
Chifukwa chake ndikufuna kuwona mamembala a Congress akugwirizana ndi Dennis Kucinich ndi Jim McGovern polimbikitsa anzawo kuti avote Ayi pa $ 33 biliyoni. Tinawona mamembala a congress a 32 akuvotera Ayi pa ndalama zankhondo mu June watha, ndipo nkhondoyo isanayambe kuipiraipira, pulezidenti asanataye kununkhira kwa galimoto yatsopanoyo, ndipo pamene anthu ankakhulupirirabe kuti idzakhala ndalama zomaliza zankhondo. Ndipo ilo linali voti yoti asunge milingo yomwe ilipo, pomwe izi zikuyenera kukwera. Choncho, zachabechabe zokhudza kusiya asilikali zinali zogwira ntchito nthawi imeneyo kuposa panopo koma nthawi zonse zimakhala zopanda pake. Mavoti othetsa ndalama zankhondo m'mbiri yakale akhala akupereka kuti anthu achoke mwadongosolo. Wapampando wa Komiti ya Veterans Affairs Committee, yemwe mwina waphunzira zambiri za asitikali kuposa membala wina aliyense wa konksi, akukonzekera kuvota No.
Kudzipereka uku povota Palibe chifukwa chokhalira mosasamala zomwe zawonjezeredwa mubilu kapena kuyesa. Thandizo ku Haiti litha kuperekedwa padera ndipo palibe chifukwa. Kuyesera kupempha ndondomeko yosamangirira sikuli chifukwa chopezera ndalama zowonjezera. Ndipo ngati awonjezera ana amphaka aulere timafunabe mavoti Ayi. Ndipo timangofunikira Nyumbayi. Senate ndi pulezidenti akhoza kuchita momwe akufunira, sangathe kukulitsa nkhondo popanda ndalama zathu.
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David Swanson ndi mlembi wa buku latsopano "Daybreak: Undoing the Imperial Presidency and Kupanga Mgwirizano Wabwino Kwambiri" lolemba Seven Stories Press. Mutha kuyitanitsa ndikupeza nthawi yomwe alendo adzapezeke mtawuni yanu: http://davidswanson.org/book.
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