18 January 2005
Wokondedwa Alex,
Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa cha kalata yanu. Ndine wokondwa kwambiri ndi mwayi watsopanowu woti ndisinthane nanu, makamaka chifukwa ndimasilira luso lanu losowa lotha kukhala ndi luntha lovuta komanso ntchito yamaphunziro nthawi imodzi ndikulowerera ndale.
Tonsefe ndife odzipereka kwambiri pomanga gulu lodana ndi nkhondo komanso anti-imperialist, monga takhala tikuchita kwa zaka zambiri. Ndi chifukwa chomwechi chomwe chimapangitsa zokambirana zathu kukhala zaphindu monga chiwonetsero cha malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa wankhondo yemwe ali kumanzere - osati kuchita zolankhula pampando. Komanso, timatha kukambirana zomwe zimapereka chitsanzo chabwino cha kusinthanitsa kwaubwenzi komanso mwaubwenzi pakati pa anthu omwe amapanga mikangano yeniyeni, m'malo moponyera ma epithets osiyanasiyana pankhope za wina ndi mzake ndi kupotoza maganizo a wina ndi mzake.
Tsopano kuti mupereke ndemanga pazomwe zili m'kalata yanu. Mukunena kuti mwawerenga nkhani yanga "Pa Chisankho Chikubwera ku Iraqโ pa ZNet โndikukhumudwa kwambiri.โ Ndikutsimikiza kuti sindingakudabwitseni ndikanena kuti sindikudabwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndinalemba chidutswa changa ndi cholinga chochenjeza zigawo za Western anti-imperialist movement motsutsana ndi kuwerengetsa molakwika momwe zinthu zilili ku Iraq zomwe zingayambitse mavuto a ndale - makamaka pokhudzana ndi zoyesayesa zomwe zikuchitika kuti abwezeretse mlingo wa Kulimbikitsana komwe kunafikiridwa ndi gulu lolimbana ndi nkhondo lisanayambe ku Iraq. Pakati pa zigawo zomwe ndimafuna kuchenjeza, gulu lodana ndi nkhondo ku US ndi Britain - maiko awiri omwe asilikali awo akugwira nawo gawo lalikulu pakugonjetsa Iraq - anali otchuka m'maganizo mwanga. Ndakhala ndikumva "kukhumudwa kwakukulu" pamaudindo osiyanasiyana omwe ali m'magulu akumanzere pankhaniyi.
Kuchokera kumbali iyi, ndiyenera kunena kuti nditawerenga kalata yanu mosamala ndinasangalala komanso ndinadabwa. Ndinakondwera ndi mfundo yakuti zotsutsana zanga zakhudza maganizo anu - mwinamwake chitsanzo china cha chidaliro chokoma mtima pa chiweruzo changa monga "gwero la chidziwitso" chomwe mumalongosola kumayambiriro kwa kalata yanu. Ndinadabwitsidwa ngakhale ndi kusagwirizana kwa kalata yanu, chifukwa chakuti mumangovomereza malingaliro anga ndipo chifukwa chake mumatsutsana ndi zachilendo kwa malingaliro akuthwa ngati anu.
Zotsutsanazi zikukhudzana ndi mfundo zitatu zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhani yanga: zisankho zomwe zikubwera, kukana kwa Iraq ndi mapangidwe a US.
1) Zisankho zikubwerazi:
Ndine wokondwa kuti mukuvomerezana nane kuti mfundo yoti zisankho zikuchitikira kumayiko akunja sikuli koyenera (ngakhale ambiri omwe ali kumanzere omwe "amadzudzula" zisankho amatengera mtsutso wovutawu). Mukuvomerezanso mfundo zosatsutsika: "zisankho zidakakamizika ku Bush ndi Bremer chifukwa cha zionetsero zomwe Shia Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani adazitcha pasanathe chaka chapitacho." Kuti ndikukumbutseni mmene zinthu zinalili panthawiyo, ndiloleni ndibwereze mawu a mโnyuzipepala za phwando lanulo. Mu Wogwira Ntchito Zachikhalidwe (London) ya 31 January 2004, nkhani yakuti โDeeper into the Quagmireโ inanena kuti:
"Kummwera komwe kuli Asilamu ambiri achi Shia kunali ziwonetsero zamphamvu sabata yatha zomwe zimafuna kuti zisankho zichitike mwachangu. Dongosolo la US ndikupereka ulamuliro ku khonsolo yaku Iraq ya mkuyu mu Juni, ndikusunga mphamvu. Bungweli silingasankhidwe, koma m'malo mwake lidzavomerezedwa ndi misonkhano yapagulu ya anthu otchuka. Odziwikawo adzaitanidwa ku misonkhano yosankhidwa ndi mamembala omwewo omwe nawonso angawabwezere. Dongosololi lakwiyitsa anthu ambiri ku Iraq. "
Ndikukhulupirira kuti, mukadakhala kuti munakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zomwe zidachitika ku Iraq panthawiyo, simukanazengereza kuwonetsa thandizo lanu lonse kwa anthu aku Iraq pakulimbana kwawo kuti akhazikitse zisankho kwa omwe akukhalamo. Tsopano mungadzilungamitse bwanji kuti musinthe udindo wanu kuzisankho? Mukulemba:
Koma kuyambira pamenepo zinthu zayenda bwino. Tsopano, membala aliyense wa zidole akawonetsa kuti akugwedezeka pamaso pa zigawenga, ndi Bush, Blair, ndi cholengedwa chawo Iyad Allawi omwe amaumirira kuti zisankho zisayimitsidwe. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti US yakhazikitsa njira yomwe ikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zisankho kuti ikhale yovomerezeka, kukakamiza European Union ndi United Nations kuti alowe nawo ku Iraq, ndi zina zotero. "
Mfundo yaikulu ya mkangano wanu ikuwoneka motere: anthu a ku Iraqi - kapena a Shia, omwe amapanga pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a anthu aku Iraq, kuphatikizapo zigawo zoponderezedwa kwambiri ndi osauka, ndipo sanaloledwe mpaka pano. kupyolera mu zionetsero zawo zaunyinji zinakakamiza zisankho kwa olanda. Titha kuwathandiza malinga ngati okhalamo akukana zomwe akufuna. Koma popeza Bush ndi a Blair abwerera m'mbuyo ndikuvomereza monyinyirika zomwe akufuna, ndipo tsopano mwachibadwa akuyesera kuti apindule bwino zisankho (zopambana zochepa kwenikweni, monga atolankhani padziko lonse lapansi sakulephera kupereka lipoti), tiyenera kutsutsa zokhumba za anthuwa. kukhala ndi zisankho.
Kodi mumakhulupirira kuti iyi ndi njira yokhwima yofotokozera malingaliro andale? Ndiko kuti, pongonena zosiyana ndi zomwe Bush ndi Blair akunena, ziribe kanthu chifukwa chomwe akunena komanso ngakhale "zakakamizidwa" pa iwo? Kodi mungafotokoze bwanji kusintha kwa malingaliro anu kwa anthu ambiri aku Iraq, omwe amaumirira kuti zisankhozi zichitike ndikuwona kuti apambana ufulu wokhala nawo pakulimbana kwawo? Kodi mungawauze chiyani mamiliyoni aja omwe akuwona kuyesa kuchedwetsa kapena kugawa zisankho ngati njira yoyendetsedwa ndi olanda kapena magulu ampatuko pakati pa a Sunni, omwe sangalole lingaliro la kulamulira ambiri ("Shia") ku Iraq?
Ngakhale simunakhudzidwe ndikulankhula ndi anthu aku Iraq, mungafotokoze bwanji kwa anthu akumadzulo kuti zisankho zomwe anakakamizika pa Bush ndizosaloledwa chifukwa Bush adawathandizira? Chofunika koposa, mungateteze bwanji zotsatira za zisankho zomwe zimatchedwa "zosaloledwa" ngati unyinji wa msonkhano wosankhidwa ukasemphana ndi ntchito (zochitika zomwe zikutheka, ngakhale sizotsimikizika chifukwa zimadalira pakati pa zinthu zina pamalingaliro a Washington)?
Apa ndipamene kusagwirizana kwanu koyamba kumamveka bwino. Mukulemba kuti: "Koma zisankho zitulutsa boma lovomerezeka la demokalase ku Iraq? Ayi, kuposa momwe adachitira ku Afghanistan. Ntchitoyi ipitilira. Ulamuliro wa zidole ukhalabe paudindo. โ (Mukuwoneka kuti simukudziwa kuti udindo wa boma la zidole la Allawi utha pa 30 Januwale ndikuti msonkhano watsopano uyenera kusankha boma latsopano.) Kenako mupitiliza kuti: โIzi zikutanthauza kuti ngati pali mavoti odziwika bwino. kumapeto kwa Januware, gulu lodana ndi nkhondo liyenera kufunsa kuti aku America ndi ogwirizana nawo achoke nthawi yomweyo, kuti msonkhano watsopano usankhe boma lomwe likuwonetsa zofuna zenizeni za anthu aku Iraq. "
Tsopano ngati wina aona kuti zisankhozo nzosaloledwa, angateteze bwanji zotsatira zake? Kodi msonkhano watsopanowu ungawonetse bwanji zokhumba zenizeni za anthu aku Iraq ndikukhala apathengo nthawi yomweyo? Kodi simukuwona momwe malingaliro awa alili osagwirizana? Mfundo yanga inali yoti ndikuchenjezeni inu ndi onse odana ndi imperialist omwe adasiya kuti asagwere mumsampha wolengeza zisankho zomwe zikubwerazi "zapathengo" chifukwa chakuti magulu ena ankhondo omwe ali pakati pa a Sunni ndi maphwando ena a Sunni akuyesera kuwachotsa ndi zifukwa zotsutsana.
Chonde dziwani kuti sindikunena kuti gulu lodana ndi nkhondo kapena anti-imperialist omwe atsala ayenera kuthandizira zisankho - bola ngati Washington sayesanso kuwaletsa - komanso mochepera kuti tiyenera kuthandizira zotsatira zawo mosasamala kanthu za zochitika. ndikungonena kuti ndizolakwika kuti gululo ndi kumanzere kutsutse chisankho pasadakhale, motero mwina zimatipangitsa kuti tisemphane ndi anthu ambiri aku Iraq. Tsopano, ambiri omwe akutuluka mu zisankho zikubwerazi atha kukambirana bwino ndi Washington kuti apatse US chilolezo ku Iraq. A Vietnamese Communist (mu 1) ndi Algerian National Liberation Front (mu 1954) onse adagwirizana kuvomereza kwakukulu kuti achotse olanda a France m'maiko awo; izi sizidawapangitse kukhala osavomerezeka ngati oimira ambiri mwa anthu awo.1962
2) Kukana kwa Iraq
Pepani chifukwa chotchula nkhani yanga ndikulemba pansi mawu ena:
"Zomwe zimatchedwa kukana kwa Iraqi ndi gulu lankhondo lankhondo, ambiri aiwo ndi akumaloko. Kwa mbali yayikulu, awa ndi anthu omwe adapanduka chifukwa cholanda dziko lawo movutikira, kumenyana ndi okhalamo ndi othandizira awo aku Iraq okhala ndi zida. Koma gawo lina la magulu ankhondo omwe akuchita ziwawa ku Iraq amapangidwa ndi anthu okonda kuchita zinthu monyanyira, makamaka a mtundu wa Islamic Fundamentalist, omwe samasiyanitsa pakati pa anthu wamba, ma Iraqi kuphatikiza, ndi zida, ndikuchita zoyipa, monga kudulidwa Ogwira ntchito osamukira ku Asia komanso kubedwa ndi/kapena kupha anthu amitundu yonse omwe sali odana kapena ovulaza chifukwa cha dziko la Iraq. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Washington kuthana ndi zotsatira za kuukira kovomerezeka kwa asitikali aku US: ntchito yowonetsa "mdani" ngati woyipayo imapangidwa kukhala yosavuta.
"Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mwamwayi, thandizo lililonse losayenerera la 'kukana kwa Iraqi' m'mayiko onse a Kumadzulo, kumene gulu lolimbana ndi nkhondo likufunika kwambiri, silingapindule kwambiri monga momwe zilili zolakwika kwambiri (pamene zimayikidwa ndi zolinga zabwino zandale. ). Payenera kukhala kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa machitidwe odana ndi ntchito omwe ali ovomerezeka ndi machitidwe a magulu otchedwa 'kutsutsa' omwe ayenera kutsutsidwa. Mlandu umodzi wodziwikiratu ndi womwe gulu la Al-Zarqawi likuchita motsutsana ndi ma Shia. "
Mukuyankha pofotokoza poyamba kuti "pulatifomu ya gulu lodana ndi nkhondo sayenera kuphatikiza kuthandizira kukana zida zankhondo" - mawu omwe ndikugwirizana nawo kwathunthu, komanso mfundo yomwe ndayesera posachedwapa kutsimikizira ena a French anu. anzanga ndi ena m'gulu lolimbana ndi nkhondo lomwe ndimakhala ku France.3 Kenako mumayambitsa mobisa kusintha kwakukulu kwa malingaliro a chipani chanu - mumalemba kuti: "Zowonadi tiyenera kutsutsa mtundu wakuba ndi kudula mitu kochitidwa ndi magulu ngati a Zarqawi."
"Kumene"? Kodi zinali zoonekeratu? Ndiye nchifukwa chiyani mwapewa kutsutsidwa momveka bwino mpaka kampeni yoyipa idakhazikitsidwa motsutsana ndi chipani chanu komanso mgwirizano wotsutsana ndi nkhondo womwe mudamanga ndikuwongolera ku Britain, ndi ena omenyera ufulu mugulu la mabungwe azamalonda omwe adagwira monyenga kuzunzidwa koopsa ndi kuphedwa kwa membala wa chipani cha chikomyunizimu cha Iraq, Hadi Salih? 4 M'malo movomereza izi, mumayesa kuchepetsa kusintha kwa malingaliro anu ponena kuti "mukukana kufananiza 'kukaniza kwa Iraqi" konsekonse' ndi zonyansa zomwe Zarqawi amachita. Ndiye, โkupenekeraโ moyenerera (kodi sizikudziwikiratu mokwanira mu mawu anga pamwambapa?) kuti ndimawona mitundu yambiri ya zida zolimbana ndi okhalamo ndi othandizira awo okhala ndi zida ngati โzovomerezeka,โ mumandifunsa kuti: โchifukwa chiyani utichenjezetsa zimenezi? kutalika motsutsana ndi kuthandizira Zarqawi, pomwe Asilamu olimba mtima komanso zitsiru zochepa zampatuko zakumanzere angalingalire kutero? "
Yankho la funso lanu ndi losavuta: inu ndi amene munasankha "kunyumba" makamaka pa Zarqawi.5 Chenjezo langa linali lotambasuka komanso lodziwika bwino. Ndidangotchula za Zarqawi ngati gulu lomwe likuchita zina mwazinthu zoyipa zomwe zimachitika m'dzina la "kukana" ntchitoyo.
3) Mapangidwe a US
Cholinga china cha nkhani yanga chinali kutsindika mfundo yoti Washington ikugwiritsa ntchito "njira yolimbana" ku Iraq (kubwereka njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Italy kufotokozera mwachinyengo komanso mwadala kuwonjezereka kwa mikangano ya boma kapena zida za parastate kuti ziwongolere dziko. zadzidzidzi kapena zofanana zake). Ndidafotokoza kuti momwe olanda akuchitira ubale pakati pa Akurds ndi omwe si Akurds kumpoto komanso pakati pa ma Shia ndi Sunni m'dziko lonselo zitha kuwonetsa "njira yomaliza" yowopsa. Washington ikhoza kusinthira ku "njira yachifumu yoyesedwa bwino yogawanitsa ndikulamulira, kutenga chiopsezo choyika Iraq pamoto wowononga wankhondo yapachiweniweni." Ndinalongosola momwe olamulira amachitira zisankho ngati chinthu chofunikira panjira iyi, ndipo ndinalemba kuti "pali chifukwa chachikulu chokhulupirira kuti cholinga chenicheni [chachiwawa cha Fallujah] chinali kukulitsa chipwirikiti ku Iraq. kuti achepetse kuvomerezeka kwa zotsatira za zisankho za pa 30 January.โ
Mumalemba za kuwunika kwanga: "Lingaliro loti, monga mukuganizira, zankhondo zotsutsana ndi Najaf ndi Falluja zidapangidwa ndi Washington kuti ziyambitse chipwirikiti ndikupangitsa zisankho kukhala zovomerezeka kwa ine." Kenako mizere ingapo pambuyo pake, mumalemba izi:
"Koma ndimapeza zochitika zina - mwachitsanzo, kuphedwa kwa ma Shia m'matauni akumwera kwa Baghdad, omwe akuti ndi achigawenga a Salafist - ndi zokayikitsa kwambiri. Mukakumana ndi mtundu woterewu, ndi bwino kufunsa Kodi phindu?, komanso kukumbukira mbiri yakale komanso yamagazi ya CIA, SIS, ndi ena onse a Anglo-American dirty tricks empire. Ngoziyi imadziwika kwambiri: Ali Fahdi, dotolo waku Iraq yemwe adathandizira kupanga filimu yowopsa yomwe yangowonetsedwa pa Channel 4 kuno ku Britain yowonetsa kuwonongeka kwa Falluja, akuti 'ankhondo aku US' awonjezera mwayi wankhondo yapachiweniweni pogwiritsa ntchito zatsopano zawo. asilikali a Shia kuti atsekereze Sunni ku Falluja."
Zosangalatsa ndikalemba, zowona mukalemba zomwezo?
Ndiroleni nditsirize kalatayi, yomwe yatalika kale, pokubwerezaninso komaliza. Mukulemba kuti "m'masabata angapo akubwerawa gulu lankhondo ku US ndi Britain makamaka lidzakumana ndi malingaliro olakwika omwe akufuna kutiwonetsa ife ngati otsutsana ndi demokalase ochirikiza uchigawenga." Kenako mumawonjezera kuti: "M'nyengo ino, mosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe mukufuna, gawo lanu, kunena pang'ono, sizothandiza."
Ndayesera kukuwonetsani chifukwa chake, m'malo mwake, gawo langa ndilothandiza kwambiri kuposa momwe mudachitira mpaka pano, ngati tikufuna kuthana ndi zoyeserera zolimbana ndi nkhondo "monga othandizira odana ndi demokalase achigawenga." Chidutswa changa cha 1 Januware chikuwoneka kuti chathandizira kale kusintha kwina kwanu. Ndiroleni ndibwereze mawu ake omwe ndikuyembekeza kuti tikuvomereza kwathunthu: "Ntchito yofunikira kwambiri kunja kwa Iraq ndikuwonjezera zisankho za Januware 30, ndi zovomerezeka zokanira kulanda US ndi ogwirizana nawo ku Iraq, ndikumanga mokulira komanso mogwira mtima momwe zingathere pachiwonetsero chapadziko lonse choletsa nkhondo pa Marichi 19. โ
Ndi moni wanga wabwino kwambiri,
Gilbert Achcar
zolemba
1. Komanso sindimayitanitsa gulu lodana ndi nkhondo, monga mukuwoneka kuti mukukhulupirira, "kuvomereza Sistani ngati 'njira yopindulitsa kwambiri potsutsa ntchitoyo.'โ Awa ndi malingaliro anga okha; Ndikuganiza kuti kulimbikitsa anthu ambiri omwe adawayitanira (ndi zomwe ndikutanthauza ndi njira yomwe adatsogolera, osati malo ena aliwonse omwe adatenga) zinali zogwira mtima kwambiri kukakamiza Washington kubwerera kumbuyo kuposa zida. (Momwemonso, ndikukhulupirira kuti Intifada yoyamba ya Palestine yokhala ndi ziwonetsero zake zambiri komanso kuponya miyala inali yothandiza kwambiri kuposa yachiwiri yokhala ndi zida zamfuti ndi ziwopsezo zodzipha; kugwiritsa ntchito ziwawa, pokhapokha ngati sichosankha, si nkhani ya mfundo, koma nkhani yokwanira ya njira zomalizira, kulinganiza kwa mphamvu ndi zochitika zina zenizeni.) Izi sizikutanthauza kuti zida zankhondo ku Iraq sizigwira ntchito; ndi zothandiza, mochuluka kwambiri kuposa ku Palestine. Ndagogomezera kangapo kukula kwa matope aku Iraq ndipo ndalankhula pagulu za "Vietnam yatsopano" (komwe ndikutanthauza chiyembekezo chakugonja kwa ndale za US pamaso pa chipwirikiti chankhondo) kuyambira m'miyezi yoyamba. pambuyo kuwukiridwa.
2. Inde, izi sizikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuthandizira kuvomereza kulikonse komwe utsogoleri wokonda dziko lapansi umapanga (mukudziwa momwe ndimaonera kuvomereza kwa PLO komwe kumadzafika pachimake pa "mgwirizano wa Oslo," mwachitsanzo).
3. Popeza mumatchula โanzanga enaโ ku Britain (?) โ ndipo, mwatsoka, anzanga ena a ku Britain ndi ku Ireland anandiuza kuti munapotoza maganizo amene IMG inali nawo mโzaka za mโma 1970 ku Ireland โ nโchifukwa chiyani simunatchule zanga. "Nthawi zina abwenzi" mu American SWP omwe adagwira nawo gawo lalikulu pakukonza gulu lankhondo lodana ndi Vietnam ku US, komanso omwe adalimbikitsa mfundo ya "kayendetsedwe ka nkhani imodzi," kusankha moyenera kugwirizanitsa gulu lalikulu kuzungulira gulu limodzi. kufuna kubweretsa asitikali aku US kunyumba?
4. Ndikunena za makalata aposachedwa Ngwachikwanekwane (7 Januware) ndi The Observer (9 Januware) ndi ziwerengero zotsogola za Stop the War Coalition. Kutenga nawo gawo kwa Iraqi CP m'mabungwe omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi omwe adakhalako ndi chikhalidwe chazakale cha mwayi, chomwe m'mbuyomu chidapangitsa ma CP osiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane ndi akuluakulu atsamunda m'maiko awo pomwe mizinda ya atsamunda idagwirizana ndi Moscow motsutsana ndi Fascist Axis m'ma 1930. 40s ku. Sikunali koyenera panthawiyo, ndipo sikulinso koyenera lero, kuwalozera kukupha mwankhanza. (Mmene Hadi Salih anaphedwera zikusonyeza kuti zigawengazo mwina zinali zotsalira za apolisi owopsa a Saddam Hussein.)
5. Kunena kwanu kuti mfundo zanga zina "zayandikira kwambiri kwa Tony Blair" kapena "zapafupi kwambiri ndi nkhani zazikuluzikulu za ku Washington ndi London" ndizosowa zokhala ndi mikangano yopitilira muyeso yomwe kalata yanu yonse ilibe mwamwayi. za.
Gilbert Achcar ndi mlembi wa Mkangano wa Barbarisms ndi Eastern Cauldron, zonse zofalitsidwa ndi Monthly Review Press in New York. Tithokoze Peter Drucker chifukwa chothandizira komanso ndemanga zake.
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