Gwero: Ndale Zatsopano
Stanley Aronowitz, yemwe adamwalira ali ndi zaka 88 mkati mwa Ogasiti, anali kwa ambiri kumanzere omwe amamudziwa ndikumulemekeza kwambiri wanzeru za Gramsci. Wolankhula momveka bwino komanso wopatsa chidwi ngati wokamba nkhani, anali wodziwa bwino ntchito yokonza mgwirizano wamalonda, wolemba wodziwika bwino pa moyo wa anthu ogwira ntchito, komanso wophunzira waudindo woyamba yemwe anali yekha, ngati katswiri wazachikhalidwe cha anthu ku City University of New York Graduate School, akudziwa bwino zolepheretsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha magawano onyansa komanso osagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso zofooka za mgwirizano wa mgwirizano ndi kuthetsa mphamvu za ogwira ntchito kuti azilamulira mabungwe awo, osasiya ntchito zawo.
Mosiyana ndi otsutsa ambiri omwe amatsatira malingaliro awo kuchokera ku mabungwe achikhalidwe chakumanzere, Stanley anali wosiyana pang'ono, wodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha Council Communist, kusakanikirana kosiyana kwa mgwirizano ndi ndale zomwe zimaika chilimbikitso pa socialism kuchokera pansi ndi mphamvu anthu ogwira ntchito kuti adzimasulire okha ndikupanga mbiri yawoyawo.
Mkonzi woyambitsa wa 1960s decade seminal magazine Maphunziro kumanzere, Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa mgwirizano wa mgwirizano mu 1963 Civil Rights March ku Washington, komanso mkonzi wakale wa magazini ino komanso wothandizira ntchito yathu kwa zaka zambiri, Stanley nthawi zonse ankapezeka kwa otsutsa omwe anali atangoyamba kumene monga mlangizi, wokamba nkhani pa kuphunzitsa. , ndi bwenzi lachikondi ndi phungu. Zolemba za Laudatory zapezeka kale Jacobin ndi Wopanda. Mosakayikira zambiri zidzawonekera. Adzaphonya kwambiri.
Pansipa pali chikumbutso cha Aronowitz cholemba Steve Early, mwiniwake wolemba mabuku otsogola wamasiku ano komanso woyamikira kwambiri zinthu zomwe Aronowitz adabweretsa osati kungolemba chabe komanso kunkhondo yamagulu komanso zigawenga zomwe zikungochitika kumene.
- Michael Hirsch, membala wa bungwe la New Politics
Mbale Stanley Aronowitz nthawi zonse anali patsogolo, ndi kutsutsa kwake zofooka za ntchito yakale ndi masomphenya ake a โgulu latsopano la ogwira ntchitoโ limene lingalowe mโmalo mwake. M'zaka za m'ma 1960, otsutsa kusukulu adatembenukira kwa iye, monga yemwe kale anali wogwira ntchito kufakitale komanso wogwira ntchito ku Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers, kuti amupatse malangizo okhudza wophunzirayo adasiya kukangana kwakukulu ndikudikirira "kutembenukira kwa ogwira ntchito." Chakumapeto kwa moyo wake, ali wokhazikika m'maphunziro a maphunziro, adakhalabe wolimbikitsa mgwirizano wa aphunzitsi komanso membala wopambana wa caucus.
Mumndandanda wamabuku osavuta ngati Malonjezo Onama, Ngwazi Yogwira Ntchitondipo Kuchokera Phulusa Lakale, Stanley nthawi zonse ankatenga "mabungwe akuluakulu ogona" kuti achitepo kanthu chifukwa cha kusowa kwawo kwankhondo, kusiyanasiyana, demokalase yamkati, ndi ndale zopita patsogolo. Pasanathe zaka khumi zapitazo, mu Imfa ndi Moyo wa Ntchito yaku America: Kupita ku Gulu Latsopano la Ogwira Ntchito (New York: Verso 2014), adakali pa chandamale cha zomwe zinali zolakwika ndipo amayenera kusinthidwa. โNgakhale mawu olimba mtima ochokera ku likulu la AFL-CIO,โ iye analemba motero, โmabungwe a mabungwe amadalira magulu akuluakulu andale mโmalo mwa chuma chawo kuti apindule. Apereka mamiliyoni mazana ambiri posankha ma Democrats ku maofesi adziko lonse ndi maboma ndikutsitsa gulu la ogwira ntchito m'mphepete. "
Aronowitz anali wozindikira makamaka ponena za mgwirizano wosayenera pakati pa zoyembekeza za umembala ndi magwiridwe antchito a mabungwe aboma, monga momwe bungweli lidasinthiratu kuyambira pomwe kukwera kwa maudindo komwe kunapeza ufulu wokambirana pakati pa aphunzitsi ndi ogwira ntchito m'boma m'ma 1960 ndi '70s. . Mโkupita kwa nthaลตi, Aronowitz anaona, antchito aboma ambiri โanadzawona mabungwe awo monga opereka chithandizo, mโmalo monga njira zosonkhezera anthu.โ Monga Aronwitz adanenera, "mabungwe amatha kulimbana ndi madandaulo amunthu payekha ndikukambirana mapangano abwino, koma kupempha mamembala awo kuti achite ndewu zandale - kuphatikiza zomwe zingasokoneze ubale wabwino womwe utsogoleri umakhala nawo ndi owalemba ntchito - sikungachitike. , ndipo chotero, kuthekera, kwa mgwirizano. Mwachidule, membalayo tsopano ndi kasitomala wa bungwelo osati mwini wake. โ
Monga njira ina, mu Imfa ndi Moyo wa American Labor, Aronowitz adapereka malingaliro ake momwe "gulu lankhondo laling'ono m'mabungwe ndi gulu lalikulu la ogwira ntchito" lingapangitse antchito aku America "kulimbana kwambiri ndi likulu lovuta komanso dziko lopondereza" pazinthu monga "kudyera masuku pamutu kwa anthu osauka omwe akugwira ntchito." Iye anayamikira kutulukira kwaposachedwa kwa magulu a ogwira ntchito mโmafakitale ogulitsa zakudya ndi zakudya zofulumira omwe anali ndi umembala modzifunira, opanda ziphaso zalamulo, komanso kudalira kwambiri zimene anawatcha โzochita zachindunji,โ kuphatikizapo zionetsero za nthawi yochepa.
Kukonzekera ndi kunyalanya kumeneku kukuwonetsa, mwa zina, kusokonekera kwa kayendetsedwe kazachuma kazaka 86 kozikidwa pa "kuyimira padera," "mgwirizano wa makontrakitala," komanso osatsagana ndi zigawenga. Mโzaka khumi zapitazi, Stanley analemba kuti, โnthawi ya mgwirizano wa kasamalidwe ka ntchito imene inayambika ndi New Deal ndi kuchirikizidwa ndi malamulo otsatizanatsatizanapoโฆ yatha.โ Iye ananena kuti kupitirizabe kudalira mgwirizano pa ndondomeko ya mabungwe a m'zaka za zana lapitalo, yomwe tsopano ikuwukiridwa ndi mabungwe abizinesi ndi ndale zakumanja, sikuthandiza "ogwira ntchito kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kudalirana kwa mayiko komanso chikhalidwe chake chotsutsana ndi mgwirizano wa ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. โ
Stanley anali m'modzi mwa anthu ophunzira ochepa omwe atsala pang'ono akugwira ntchito amene anazindikiranso kuti malamulo a Wagner Act (ndi malamulo ena a AFL-CIO) amalepheretsa ogwira ntchito kusintha mabungwe kapena kumanga mabungwe odziimira okha. Chotsatira chake, mamembala ambiri amabungwe akhala ndi vuto lalikulu kuti mabungwe awo adziko ndi akumaloko aziyankha paudindo wawo kuposa ochita mabungwe amalonda m'maiko ena, kumene kusintha mabungwe (kapena mabungwe ogwira ntchito) kumakhala kosavuta komanso pali mpikisano wochulukirapo pakati pawo. . Chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwawo ndi chiwopsezo cha kuchotsedwa kwa umembala m'mabungwe omwe akupikisana nawo, komanso kusintha kwa akuluakulu a mabungwe omwe ali paudindo ku U.S. kwakhala komasuka kuvomereza mgwirizano wa oyang'anira ogwira ntchito, zotulukapo zomwe sizinakhalepo zabwino, kuchokera ku makampani opanga magalimoto. ku chisamaliro chaumoyo.
Ku U.S., Aronowitz anati, โmabungwe aliwonse amene angasankhe kulinganiza ogwira ntchito paokha mโdera la bungwe lokhazikitsidwa, ngakhalenso ogwira ntchito mโgulu limene bungweli lawasiya, adzawaona ngati oopsa. Izi sizoyipa kwenikweni: mpikisano ukhoza kulimbikitsa mabungwe wamba kuti adzipange okha. Monga taonera, mgwirizano wopikisana nthawi zambiri umakhala wolimbikitsa kulimbikitsa anthu kuti azilimbikitsana komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri. โ
Mgwirizano waukulu womwe Stanley adayembekeza kuti ubwera, mkati mwa kuchepa kwa ntchito yaku America, sikunachitikebe, pamlingo waukulu. Koma pali ngwazi zambiri zatsopano zogwirira ntchito, osachititsidwa khungu ndi malonjezo abodza azaka za m'ma 21, omwe akuyembekezabe kupanga mabungwe abwinoko kuchokera ku phulusa lachikale-omwe ayenera kuyang'ana zolemba zakale za munthu wazaka 88 wa ku New York yemwe anamwalira. zomwe amalankhula, kale komanso pano.
Steve Early yemwe amakhala ku Richmond, California ndi amene posachedwapa analemba buku la Refinery Town: Big Oil, Big Money, ndi Remaking of an American City (Beacon Press, 2017). Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza kuyitanitsa mabuku kapena kulankhula mwachidziwitso, pitani: http://steveearly.org/
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