Chitsime: Chowonadi
Poyang'anizana ndi zolemetsa zomwe oyang'anira akufuna kubweza kontrakiti, ogwira ntchito ku Nabisco ku Portland, Oregon, adayambitsa sitiraka mwezi watha zomwe zatenga mwachangu magawo adziko. Pa Ogasiti 10, pafupifupi mamembala 200 a Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers' International Union (BCTGM) Local 364 anachoka pa ntchito ku bakery ya mafakitale. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ogwira ntchito m'malo aliwonse opanga ndi kugawa a Nabisco mdziko muno atsatira zomwezo, zomwe ndi zaka zomwe zakhala zikuchitika. Omenyera nkhondowo atengera mphamvu zazikulu za gulu la anthu ogwira ntchito lomwe langoyamba kumene ku United States - kukwera kwakukulu pagulu lalikulu lamphamvu zamagulu ogwira ntchito.
Zochita Zabwino kwa Otsogolera, Zotsalira za Ogwira Ntchito
Nabisco, amene amapanga zakudya zotchuka monga Chips Ahoy! ma cookie, ma cookie a Oreo ndi ma crackers a Ritz, ndi othandizira ku Chicago's Mondez International. Pamene Kraft Foods idagawika m'magulu osiyanasiyana kuti igwirizane ndi zophwanya malamulo mu 2012, bizinesi yake yazakudya zopsereza idayimitsidwa ndikukhazikitsidwanso monga Mondelฤz, yomwe tsopano ndi kampani ya Fortune 500 $ Biliyoni 26 mu ndalama zapachaka. Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Mondez Dirk Van de Put adalipidwa zoposa $ 16 milioni mu 2020; mu 2017, adalandira ndalama zambiri $ Miliyoni 42.4 - nthawi 989 malipiro apakatikati a wogwira ntchito ku Mondez. Pakadali pano, oyang'anira adakana kugawanso mliri wake uliwonse phindu; ngakhale anthu kukhala kunyumba mu 2020 kudapangitsa kuti pakhale kukwera kwakukulu pakugulitsa zokhwasula-khwasula, kampaniyo ikupitilizabe kuchepetsa nthawi yowonjezera komanso chithandizo chamankhwala. Cholinga cha Mondez pa kufinya senti iliyonse kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito, kuphatikiza ndi malipiro okwera kwambiri, zawonetsa kusiyana pakati pa ogwira ntchito ndi oyang'anira, zomwe zikuwonjezera kusakhutira komwe kwakhala kukupeza mphamvu pafupifupi zaka khumi.
Popeza Mondez adatenga umwini wa Nabisco mu 2012, ogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ntchito zafika poipa, zomwe zaperekedwa kwa oyang'anira kuti apeze phindu. Kumbuyo kuli ziwopsezo zowopsa zakuchotsedwa ntchito ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito: Kampaniyo idachepetsa ndi theka ogwira ntchito m'bungwe koyambirira kwa chaka chino, ndi kutsekedwa kwa zomera ku Fairlawn, New Jersey, ndi Atlanta, Georgia, ndipo mgwirizanowu udayenera kukambirana mozindikira kuti kampaniyo ingathe kuchita bwino pakuwopseza kwawo kuti abwere. Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, Mondez kusamutsa kupanga Oreo kuchokera ku Chicago kupita ku Mexico - kusuntha komwe adachipeza chitsutso kuchokera kwa Trump, Hillary Clinton ndi Bernie Sanders chimodzimodzi.
Potengera izi, mikangano pakati pa likulu ndi antchito mkati mwa Mondelฤz-Nabisco yakula kuyambira zokambirana za mgwirizano mu 2016, pomwe oyang'anira adayesa kuthetsa penshoni mokomera 401 (k)s. Mu Epulo 2020, BCTGM idasiya izi - kuti kampaniyo ingobwereranso patebulo ndi zofuna zambiri. Wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa BCTGM Local 364 komanso msilikali wakale wa Nabisco wazaka 14, Mike Burlingham, akuti Mondelฤz sanasonyeze chidwi ndi kulolerana: "Sakufuna kugawana chuma chawo ndi antchito. ... Akufuna kubwera patebulo, kudzatinyoza ndi malingaliro awo. - zomwe zili ngati mndandanda wazofunikira - ndikuyesera kutiuza pamaso pathu kuti izi ndi zokomera ife tokha," adatero. Wopanda.
Malingaliro a Mondelฤz, omwe amalankhula kufotokozedwa mwauphemistically monga โnthawi yantchito ina,โ ingafune ntchito yambiri kuti ilandire malipiro ochepa, pa ntchito yamisonkho komanso yovuta. Burlingham akunena kuti ngakhale popanda kusinthako, "ambiri aife tikugwira kale maola 13 mpaka 16 patsiku chifukwa chokakamizidwa nthawi yowonjezera, tsiku ndi tsiku, kwa milungu ingapo."
Mgwirizano wam'mbuyomu udapatsa ogwira ntchito nthawi ndi theka malipiro akusintha kwa maola 8 ndi Loweruka, ndi nthawi yowirikiza Lamlungu. Tsopano, kampaniyo ikufuna kuchepetsa malipiro owonjezera kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito maola opitilira 40 - osaganizira za masiku omwe amagwira ntchito, kapena kutalika kwa masinthidwe amunthu payekha. Burlingham inanena kuti kwa antchito ena, kuchepetsedwa kwa malipiro owonjezera kungapangitse kutaya kwa $ 10,000 pachaka.
Zaka zingapo zapitazi ku United States zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira kwambiri pantchito yogwira ntchito, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kukondetsa mabungwe ambiri m'zaka makumi ambiri.
Dongosololi likhazikitsanso njira yopindulitsa ya magawo awiri, pomwe ma ganyu atsopano adzalipitsidwanso inshuwaransi yazaumoyo - njira yovala bwino kuti ayambitse magawano mkati mwa migwirizano. Kasamalidwe kameneka kamasokoneza zinayambitsa kusweka mu zokambirana. Zinali kupitiliza kusamvera kwa Mondez-Nabisco komwe kudapangitsa BCTGM kuyambitsa ntchito ya Portland, kumenya koyamba pakampani mu zaka 52.
Mogwirizana ndi BCTGM International, kunyanyalako kudakula mpaka pakati pa mayiko. Mondez ili ndi mafakitale atatu (Chicago; Portland, Oregon; ndi Richmond, Virginia) ndi malo atatu ogulitsa (Aurora, Colorado; Addison, Illinois; ndi Norcross, Georgia) - onse asanu ndi limodzi ali pa sitiraka. Ogwira ntchitowa anali atatambasulidwa kale kwambiri. Zokhumudwitsa zomwe omenyera ophika buledi ku Portland adakumana nazo sizinali zodetsa nkhawa zokhazokha, ndipo zidanenedwanso ndi omwe ali m'malo ena a Mondelฤz. Wofunsidwa ndi Jacobin, April Flowers-Lewis, yemwe wakhala akugwira ntchito pafakitale ya ku Chicago kwa zaka 27, analongosola zinthu zomwe zikuipiraipira: ndandanda yankhanza, kuchotsedwa kwa mapindu ochotsedwa komanso maganizo osalemekeza otsogolera. Mu July, Mondez idatchulidwanso ndi mzinda wa Chicago chifukwa cholephera kulipira tchuthi chodwala.
Mneneri wa Mondelฤz, yolembedwa ndi CBS, adanenanso kuti malingaliro a "ntchito zina" akufuna "kulimbikitsa machitidwe abwino" pakati pa ogwira ntchito. Kwina konse, kampaniyo anafotokoza cholinga ya lingaliro lake ngati "kukhazikitsa malo athu ophika buledi aku US kuti agwiritse ntchito mtsogolo komanso kuchita bwino kwanthawi yayitali." Pakali pano, kampaniyo kukwera mabasi m'malo antchito (colloquially, โscabsโ) kuti apitilize kupanga.
Pakadali pano, zomwe zikuchitikazi zikulowa sabata yachitatu ku Portland, omenyera apambana thandizo lalikulu ambiri m'mudzimo. A Mohammed Mohammed, wogwira ntchito pamizere ya picket, adalankhula ndi Wopanda monga kulira kwa zisangalalo za mโmagalimoto odutsa anawopseza kusokoneza mawu ake akuti: โNdikuthokoza kwambiri mzinda umene watisonyeza chichirikizo chochuluka. Ife tiri ndi chithandizo chochuluka cha mgwirizano; mabizinesi ambiri akumaloko amatibweretsera chakudyaโฆ Anthu amadziwa kuti ndife ofunikira. Ndife olimba chifukwa cha wina ndi mnzake.
Kulankhula kotereku kwakhala kochuluka, kuchokera kwa othandizira pansi komanso pa intaneti (kuphatikiza Danny DeVito). A thandizirani GoFundMe yakweza ndalama zoposa $50,000, ndipo BCTGM yapeza analimbikitsa kunyanyala mwazakudya zonse zodziwika bwino za Nabisco. Pamzere wa picket, owonetsa adalumikizidwa ndi mamembala a kupitilira khumi ndi awiri mabungwe ena, kuphatikizapo AFL-CIO ndi Mtengo wa UFCW. Panthawi ina, adatsimikizira Mike Burlingham, oyendetsa sitima zapamtunda ku Portland anasintha sitima yawo ndipo anakana kuwoloka mizere ya picket kuti akapereke katundu wawo wa confectionery ku bakery.
Omenya ku Portland, komanso aku Atlanta, Richmond ndi Chicago, alandira thandizo m'machaputala awo aku Democratic Socialists of America. Portland DSA yathandizira kugwirizanitsa misonkhano yogwirizana, kuguba ndi kuthandizira mikangano, monganso Portland Jobs ndi Justice, mgwirizano wa ogwira ntchito ndi anthu ammudzi. Okonza adalowa mu golosale ya Fred Meyer mwa khumi ndi awiri kuti adziwitse ogula za kunyanyala. Ntchito ndi wapampando wa Justice Russell Lum adauza Wopanda, "Ndi kulira kwa Nabisco, zedi, koma ndikuliranso motsutsana ndi dongosolo lazachuma loswekaโฆ. Kukhetsa magazi kwa ntchito zimenezi [mwa kutulutsa ntchito kunja] ndi chitsanzo cha bizinesi cha Mondelฤz, ndipo chizindikiro kwa ogwira ntchito ndi chakuti, 'Ndinu wotsatira.' Umu ndi momwe Mondelฤz akufuna kuchita malonda, ogwira ntchito akumva ngati ali pamphepete mwa mpeni.
Kufuna Zambiri Kuposa Zinyenyeswazi
Zaka zingapo zapitazi ku United States zawona mbiri yakale ntchito zantchito, mogwirizana ndi apamwamba kwambiri kukomera anthu ku mabungwe m'zaka makumi angapo. 2018-2019 inali zaka zankhondo makamaka; zodziwika bwino zikuphatikiza kumapeto kwa 2019 chachikulu ku GM ndi Red for Ed funde la kumenyedwa kwa aphunzitsi m'dziko lonselo. Kunyanyala kwafika wazaka 30 zakubadwa mu 2019. Ena Zambiri za Bureau of Labor Statistics adawonetsa kuti kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito kudatsika kwambiri kumayambiriro kwavuto la COVID-19 - komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ziwerengerozi sizikuwonetsa zomwe zikukhudzana ndi antchito osakwana 1,000. Panthawiyi, pamavuto ngati kuchotsedwa ntchito komanso kusamvana, panali anthu ambiri oyenda pang'ono otetezedwa ndi ogwira ntchito ofunikira. Deta ina bwino analanda stochastic izi, si zachikhalidwe. Mwanjira ina, mgwirizano, kulinganiza ndi mphamvu zazikulu zidapitilira mliri wonsewo. Ndipo ngakhale kachilomboka kakuwonongabe anthu ambiri, kubwereranso ku ntchito yayikulu mu 2021 kukuwonetsa kuthekera kwa zigawenga zokhazikika.
Kukula kochepa kwa BCTGM kumapangitsa kulimba mtima kwa mamembala ake kukhala kochititsa chidwi. M'kati mwa nyengo yodana ndi migwirizano yamayiko, BCTGM, yomwe idasokonekeranso ndi kutsekedwa kwa madera akumidzi komanso kutsekedwa kwamitengo, adagwa kuchokera mamembala opitilira 114,000 mu 2002 kufika pafupifupi 63,900 mu 2019 - ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwamabungwe ang'onoang'ono ogwira ntchito. M'mbiri yakale, mgwirizanowu sunakhale wankhondo makamaka. Mofanana ndi ziwonetsero zambiri zamakampani, zochita za BCTGM zakhala zodzitchinjiriza: kuteteza kupambana komwe kulipo, m'malo mophwanya gawo latsopano.
Zochita molimba mtima za BCTGM m'chilimwe cha 2021 ndi chisonyezo chakuti mabungwe ku United States, omwe ayambiranso kumlingo wosawoneka m'zaka makumi angapo, apitiliza kulimbana kwawo mpaka mtsogolo.
CM Lewis, yemwe ndi mkonzi mโbukhu la ogwira ntchito anati: Strikewave. Kunyanyala ntchito kwa Mondelฤz-Nabisco ndi njira zopewera: โSitikunyanyala ntchito kuti tipeze phindu lalikulu. Tikunyanyala kusunga zomwe tili nazo kale, "Cameron Taylor, wothandizira bizinesi wa BCTGM Local 364, adanena HuffPost. Komabe, zotengedwa ndi zinthu zingapo zaposachedwa za BCTGM, ndi gawo lazinthu zabwino. Lewis anati, โKuti ogwira ntchito ku Nabisco [akumenya] mโmaboma angapo nโkosowa komanso kolimbikitsa, ndipo kungakhale chizindikiro cha zigawenga zochulukirachulukira.
Mamembala a BCTGM akupeza momwe amayendera: Adapanga gulu la anthu mazana angapo ndi Tennessee moลตa mu Disembala 2020. Ndipo mu Julayi, mamembala a BCTGM adatenga titanic PepsiCo, kugunda pafakitale ya kampani yake ya Frito-Lay ku Topeka, Kansas, uko nkhawa zofanana ndi zomwe zili ku Nabisco. Kunyanyala kwa masiku 19 kunatha ndi mgwirizano womwe wakambirananso - womwe sunakwaniritse nthawi iliyonse ya BCTGM, komabe udakhazikika ndikupindula. Ngakhale kuti sanapambane, kunyanyalako kunathandizabe kulimbikitsa chidaliro cha ogwira ntchito ku Nabisco ku Portland, monga Mike Burlingham adafotokozera. Wopanda: "Panali chiwonetsero chamgwirizano" ndi ogwira ntchito a Frito-Lay, adatero, ndipo "zinali zabwino kwambiri kuwona antchitowo adatha kupanga mgwirizano ... ndipo adachita bwino." Burlingham anawonjezera kuti, "Pakhala ziwonetsero zambiri kuzungulira dziko ... anthu akumvetsera zomwe zikuchitika. Zikufika poti anthu akunena kuti, 'Kwakwanira umbombo wamakampani. Zokwanira.'โ
BCTGM ikutsutsana ndi kampani yomwe yatsimikizira kuti ikufunitsitsa kuchita zambiri kuti ipititse patsogolo ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti phindu likuyenda. Ziwopsezo za Mondez zokhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimakhala zolemetsa, chifukwa cha mgwirizano wamalonda waulere komanso kumasula zoletsa pakuyenda kwachuma. Mondelฤz imasunganso kuthekera kwakukulu pakupanga "superplant" ku Mexico - mwachiwonekere, โchomera chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi cha makekeโ - kupatsa kampaniyo mwayi waukulu pakuwopseza kuti asinthe zopanga kukhala za ogwira ntchito ku Mexico omwe amawadyera masuku pamutu kwambiri. (Mofananirako, kampaniyo, pamodzi ndi Nestle, Cargill, Hershey, ndi ena, yakhalanso wotchulidwa mu mlandu wa zochita za kalasi kunena kuti "modziwa" idagwiritsa ntchito ana mokakamiza. Ndizo kutali ndi zake zokha kumuyalutsa.)
Ndi mphamvu zamabungwe zomwe zazika mizu kwambiri chifukwa cha kutheratu kwa mfundo zaufulu wadziko komanso kuthetsedwa kwa malamulo a ntchito, ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amadzipeza akuvutika kuti asunge momwe zinthu ziliri. Komabe, monga momwe CM Lewis akunenera, "Kunyanyala kochita bwino kumalimbitsa chidaliro ndi mphamvu, ndipo ogwira ntchito ku Nabisco akudzionera okha mphamvu zomwe ali nazo m'malo awo antchito. Ngakhale uku ndi kumenyera chitetezo pakadali pano, kusunga mzerewu tsopano ndi chiyambi chabwino cha kupita patsogolo ndikukweza miyezo m'malo mowongolera kuchepa kwa ntchito. "
Mabungwe m'dziko lonselo akuwonetsa kufunitsitsa kokulirapo pamene makampani apitilira kutukuka. Otola a Nabisco onse anali ndi malingaliro okhumudwa komaliza. A Nicole Bertholomey, wogwira ntchito ku Oreo, anati, "Akuchita dyera. Timagwira ntchito molimbika pakampaniyi, ndipo tili ndi mabanja kunyumba. Akupanga ndalama zambiri, ndipo akufunabe kutilanda chilichonse.โ
Kumenyedwa kwa Nabisco mu 2021 kudakhala pamzere wa mphamvu ziwiri zolumikizana: kukula kwa chidaliro cha mgwirizano, kuthandizira ndi kumenyedwa, mogwirizana ndi kuchulukirachulukira komanso zofuna zazikulu zochokera kwa eni ake. Zokonda za capital, ku Mondelฤz ndi kwina kulikonse, sizongofuna koma mwadongosolo sizingathe kuchita chilichonse koma phindu losatha. Monga wantchito wa Nabisco, Mohammed Mohammed adauza Wopanda, akumabwerezabwereza za wantchito mnzake Mike Burlingham, โZinafika poti pali zokwanira.โ
Mawuwa amveka kuchokera kwa ena ambiri kumtunda ndi pansi pamzere wa Nabisco, ndipo malingaliro apeza kugula m'dziko lonselo, kuchokera. migodi ya malasha ku maofesi a New Yorker. โLaborโ si chinthu chokhacho chokha, ndipo pali zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudza kuthekera kwa mabungwe kutenga mphamvu zamabizinesi. Komabe, zikuwonekeratu kuti ogwira ntchito akuchulukirachulukira osafuna kugonjera - komanso akuchepetsa kuyika sitiraka.
Chiyembekezo chagona pa mfundo yakuti anthu omwe ali pamavuto, m'zaka zaposachedwa, akukumbutsidwa mobwerezabwereza kuti kukonzekera ndi njira yeniyeni ya mphamvu zamagulu ogwira ntchito. Zochita molimba mtima za BCTGM m'chilimwe cha 2021 ndi chisonyezo chakuti mabungwe ku United States, omwe ayambiranso kumlingo wosawoneka m'zaka makumi angapo, apitiliza kulimbana kwawo mpaka mtsogolo.
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