Chitsime: Chowonadi
New York, NY: Ophunzira Omaliza Maphunziro a Komiti Yokonzekera kuvota kuti achite nawo msonkhano ku NYU Gould Plaza
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi lev radin/Shutterstock
Yunivesite ya US, wodzazidwa ndi ethos of managerialism, yakhala bizinesi yamakampani potengera ngati mdindo waluntha. Kulowetsedwa kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'masukulu aku koleji, komwe kukuchitika kuyambira chiyambi cha nthawi ya neoliberal, kwalimbikitsa kuletsa mitengo yamaphunziro ndi kulima anthu ogwira ntchito movutikira, zomwe zikupangitsa kuti ambiri mwa omwe amagwira ntchito zenizeni zamaphunziro avutike.
Nazi mfundo zina, zomwe zanenedwa, zomwe zimabwerezabwereza: Ngongole za ophunzira ku US zafika. kuchuluka kwakukulu kosatheka. Ngakhale maphunziro apamwamba sapereka chitsimikizo cha ndalama zamtsogolo; kwa omwe akufuna kukhala akatswiri omwe ali ndi mwayi wopeza ntchito iliyonse, chiyembekezo chimenecho chimakhala chokulirapo chodzakhala adjunct kapena aphunzitsi ongoyembekezera - wopsinjika kwambiri komanso wolipidwa pang'ono. Malingaliro okoma a academe amakhulupilira kufooka kwamaphunziro ambiri omwe amapirira. Kwa ambiri, kukhala ndi udindo kumakhalabe chiyembekezo chochepa.
Ophunzira ambiri omaliza maphunziro apeza kuti ali pakati pa magawo angapo awa: olemedwa ndi ngongole za ophunzira zakale, zopeza malipiro ang'onoang'ono mu ntchito yawo yamakono ndikukumana ndi mwayi wochepa wamtsogolo. Mayunivesite adalira kwambiri ophunzira omaliza maphunziro ndi magulu ena omwe angochitika mwadzidzidzi kuti akhalebe ndi ntchito zotsika mtengo. Koma kuchuluka kwa zochitika zokonzekera chaka chatha kukuwonetsa kuti ophunzira omwe amaliza maphunziro awo alimbitsidwa kuti achitepo kanthu motsutsana ndi kusakhazikika komanso zovuta zomwe zimasokoneza maphunziro ku US.
Yunivesite ya Columbia ya New York yakhala patsogolo pazochitika izi. Kumeneko, a Student Workers of Columbia, United Auto Workers (SWC-UAW) Local 2110 akugwira ntchito yonyanyala - yachinayi kuyambira pomwe mgwirizanowu unakhazikitsidwa mu 2016 - zomwe zikuchitika tsopano. mu sabata yake yachisanu ndi chimodzi, cholembedwa ndi ndi picket zomwe zidachitika pa Disembala 8 zomwe zidafuna kubwereza zomwe mabungwe amawu akufuna. Miyezi yokambirana ndi yunivesite yatulutsa pang'ono kupitirira mgwirizano woyesera, potsirizira pake kukanidwa ndi mgwirizano, ndi kukangana kokulirakulira.
Kukonzekera ku New University
Kwanthawi yayitali yoyimira pakati, okonza SWC-UAW akhala akulimbana ndi kusakhazikika kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake komanso zotsutsana ndi mgwirizano. Local 2110 yakhazikitsidwa zochita ziwiri zotsatizana mu 2021: choyamba, m'mwezi wa Marichi, yomwe cholinga chake chinali kuthana ndi mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito, idakumana ndi kuzizira kokweza, zomwe okonza mgwirizanowo akuti ndikubwezera momveka bwino. Pambuyo polemba ziwiri zolakwa za unfair labour practice (ULP). ndi National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), bungwe la boma lomwe limatsatira malamulo a ntchito ku US, bungweli lidayambitsa sitirakayi, potengera ma ULPs komanso kutsimikiziranso nkhawa zawo zachuma. Boma lidalamula kuti izi zitetezedwe mwalamulo ndikubwezeranso zambiri - nthawi ino, kuwopseza kuwombera mfuti mosaloledwa - omwe okonza adayankha mwachangu ndi lachitatu ULP.
Maudindo ophunzitsa ophunzira omaliza maphunziro, ngakhale ali ndi ntchito yayitali komanso malipiro ochepa, akhala akuwoneka kuti ndi mwayi kwa ophunzira aluso, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ayenera kuvomereza mikhalidwe yawo mothokoza.
Kuvomera uku kumabwera chifukwa cha kusafuna kwa oyang'anira Columbia kuwongolera zosintha zamalipiro zomwe zingathandizire antchito awo ovuta. Kukana kwawo kudziwononga kumapitilirabe, ngakhale kuti Columbia ikukhala pamalipiro opitilira $ 14 biliyoni. Ndalamayi si yofanana ndi masukulu apamwamba apamwamba - Harvard ndi $40 biliyoni; Yale, Stanford, Princeton ndi mayunivesite ena olemekezeka onse amadzitamandira ndi mphamvu zoyambira mabiliyoni ambiri, ndipo perekani ndalamazo kuti zikhale zopindulitsa. Kubweza ndalama za Columbia chaka chatha kunali zodabwitsa 32 peresenti.
Yale ndi Stanford, komabe, amalipira bwino ophunzira awo omaliza maphunziro awo. Zolemba zofananira Ph.D. wophunzira Dennis Hogan wakhala akukonzekera ndi Brown University's American Federation of Teachers-affiliated union, Graduate Labor Organization (GLO-AFT), kuyambira 2015. Mpaka November, anali mtsogoleri wa ndale wosankhidwa ndi mgwirizanowu pa bolodi lake loyamba lotsogolera. "Masukulu apadera," adatero Hogan mu imelo Wopanda, โmakamaka amene ali ndi ndalama zambiri, nthaลตi zambiri asonyeza kuti akulolera kupereka malipiro awo ndiponso kuonjezera mapindu awo pofuna kuthetsa vuto lofuna kuthetsa ziwopsezo za mgwirizano wawo kapena pokambirana ndi mabungwe.โ
Pakadali pano, Columbia yakana njira yololera. Kuzama kwa ndalama za sukuluyi kumapereka kusiyana kwakukulu: Ophunzira omaliza maphunziro amanena kuti amalipidwa pafupifupi $29,000 pachaka. SWC-UAW ikufuna kubweza ndalama zokwana $45,000 ndi maperesenti atatu pachaka, komanso $3 pa ola la ogwira ntchito ola limodzi, kuchokera pa $26 pano. Zofuna zawo zowonjezera (zaumoyo wabwino, kuphatikizapo masomphenya ndi mano, ndi kusalowerera ndale pankhani zachipongwe komanso tsankho) palibe zodetsa nkhawa zazing'ono: Kusatetezedwa kokwanira ndi kusalinganika kwa mphamvu pakuchita zolakwika zovuta zadongosolo ku Columbia ndi kwina, ndi kukana chithandizo chamankhwala imayika ophunzira pachiwopsezo.
Wopanda analankhula ndi zaka zachiwiri za sociology Ph.D. wophunzira komanso membala wa SWC-UAW a Jonathan Ben-Menachem, yemwe akugwira ntchito m'magulu ogwira ntchito okwera mtengo komanso olankhulana. "Sitikupemphanso malipiro omwe amafika pamtengo wokwanira wokhala mumzinda wa New York," adatero - omwe ali amodzi mwa malo okwera mtengo kwambiri ku United States.
Malinga ndi a Ben-Menachem, madandaulo a bungweli sadayankhidwe ndi akuluakulu pa nthawi yoyimira pakati. Kuyambira 2016, Columbia yawonanso kuti ndiyoyenera kulipira $ 1,500 pa ora kwa lawyer Bernard Plum wa kampani ya Proskauer Rose, ndani wayimira The New York Times, Disney, Pacific Gas & Electric ndi mabungwe ena akuluakulu pamilandu yotsutsana ndi mgwirizano.
Zopempha zomveka bwino za m'dera la 2110 zatsimikiziridwa ndi othandizira pakati pa aphunzitsi ophunzitsidwa bwino mu English ndi dipatimenti za filosofi, mwa ena, komanso Woimira New York. Jerry Nadler (ndi wodalirika wogwira ntchito Danny DeVito). Ben-Menachem analongosola โmsonkhano wa aphunzitsi kumene maprofesa apasukulu anatuluka ndi kugogomezera mmene zofuna zathu zilili zazingโono ndi zomveka.โ Komabe, malingaliro a SWC-UAW adakanidwa kwambiri ndi oyang'anira; pamene womalizayo ayankha, zakhala ndi zopereka za lowball.
Mikangano iyi ku Columbia ikuchitika molakwika, kufooketsedwa kwa ntchito zamaphunziro komanso kuchuluka kwa zochita zonse. Zofananazo zikuwonekeranso pamaphunziro onse. Yunivesite ya New York Komiti Yokonzekera Ophunzira Omaliza Maphunziro (GSOC) adachita sitiraka mu masika 2021, kufunanso kuwongolera malipiro ndi kuwongolera, komanso kuletsa oyang'anira kuyimba foni ku dipatimenti ya apolisi ku New York City pazochitika zazing'ono. Kugunda uko zinayambitsa mgwirizano zomwe zimafanana kwambiri ndi zolinga za Columbia: malipiro ochepa a $26 pa ola limodzi ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chotsala pang'ono kutha, pamodzi ndi zopambana zina.
Mu Okutobala, Harvard Graduate Students Union (HGSU), yoimiridwanso ndi UAW, idakhazikitsidwa. kunyanyala kwa masiku atatu pa malo awo omwe, chachiwiri m'zaka ziwiri. Kunyanyala kwina anapewedwa pamene mgwirizano woyesera unafikiridwa pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi itatu ya zokambirana. Powonetsa mgwirizano, mamembala a GSOC ndi HGSU adalumikizana ndi ophunzira aku Columbia pamzere wa picket Lachitatu lapitalo, monganso oimira a GLO-AFT a Brown University.
Rithika Ramamurthy ndiye Purezidenti wa GLO-AFT. "Anthu omwe adamaliza maphunziro awo pambuyo pa 2008 akhala akukumana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa ntchito komanso mkhalidwe wovuta womwe mayunivesite nawonso amapanga," adatero. Zowona. "Koma ogwira ntchito ku grad akukhala okhwima mofanana ndi antchito ambiri pakali pano. chifukwa, ophunzira ambiri amadzifunsa kuti, kodi ndiyenera kulipira malipiro a umphawi kapena kusakhala ndi chisamaliro cha mano pamene abwana anga angakwanitse kubwereka mphunzitsi wa mpira ndi malipiro a madola milioni, kapena ndikubweza mbiri yawo pa zomwe adagulitsa?"
Othandizira omaliza maphunziro ndi maprofesa adjunct nthawi zambiri amakhala osauka omwe amagwira ntchito, akukhala pansi kapena pansi pa umphawi.
Ophunzira omaliza maphunziro awo adaluka ulusi watsopano wa mgwirizano pamene akufika pozindikira kutsekereza kwa zoyesayesa zawo. Kupyolera mu kuchitira limodzi zinthu mothandizana mโpamene ophunzira amachitira zinthu mwachilungamo, ndipo a mโmasukulu ena azindikira. Kumapeto omwewo, kulimbana kofananako zalipidwa chaka chino ndi Omaliza Maphunziro Okonza Cooperative ku Colorado State University. Pa Disembala 16, ophunzira a MIT adalengeza cholinga chawo kupanga mgwirizano, womwe apempha sukulu kuti izindikire mwakufuna kwake. Mu Meyi, ambiri mwa ophunzira 17,000 aku University of California mu Student Researchers United adavotera kuti agwirizane, ndipo anali wangopatsidwa ulemu kumayambiriro kwa December. Ndipo chaka chatha, GLO-AFT ku Brown, komwe Ramamurthy ndi Hogan amakonza, adapambana ophunzira omaliza maphunziro. mgwirizano wopambana wa mgwirizano, kupeza chitetezo cha ntchito, ndalama za COVID ndi njira yodziyimira payokha yodandaula - ndipo pakadali pano, kutsogolera zoyesayesa za mgwirizano ku Ivy League.
Kubedwa kwa Maphunziro Apamwamba
Pansi pa ndewu zolumikizana izi ndizovuta komanso zochulukirapo: kugwirizanitsa mayunivesite. Malingaliro abwino a maphunziro athandiza kubisa chenicheni chakuti ntchito yamaphunziro, kuphunzitsa ndi kufufuza, ndi ntchito yofanana ndi ina iliyonse, kaya imachitidwa ndi mapulofesa ophunzitsidwa kapena ophunzira omaliza maphunziro. Komabe malo ophunzitsira ophunzira omaliza maphunziro, ngakhale ali ndi ntchito yayitali komanso malipiro ochepa, akhala akudziwika kuti ndi mwayi kwa ophunzira aluso, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ayenera kuvomereza mikhalidwe yawo ndi kuyamikira kopanda pake. Koma udindo wa wothandizira ophunzitsa usiyana ndi wa wophunzira wosankhidwa ndi manja kuti alime mwaluntha - tsopano agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dziwe lofunikira, lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati nthawi yamaphunziro, ndipo amapeza ndalama zochepa. Mukulankhula kwa 2014 ku bungwe lothandizira, Noam Chomsky adafotokoza momwe kudalira othandizira ndi ophunzira omaliza maphunziro ndi "gawo la bizinesi lamakampani lomwe limapangidwa kuti lichepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndikuwonjezera kugwirira ntchito" - ogwira ntchito omwe amakhala "otsika mtengo komanso osatetezeka."
Nthano za "moyo wa malingaliro," omwe ali ndi phindu poyambitsa malingaliro odzimana pakati pa ogwira ntchito, amalimbikira - koma kugwiritsa ntchito, kosatheka kunyalanyazidwa, kwapangitsa kusintha kwa chidziwitso. "Kuzindikira kulephera kwanu kuwongolera ntchito yanu ndi momwe zinthu zilili ndi gawo lofunikira pakulisintha limodzi ndi ena," adatero Ramamurthy. "Izi ndizomwe zimapanganso mgwirizano pakati pa masukulu onse. Tonse tikukhala ndi moyo chifukwa cha zisankho za anthu amene anabera maphunziro apamwamba.โ
Kaya ntchito yawo itakhala yamtundu wanji, chowonadi chomvetsa chisoni ndichakuti othandizira omaliza maphunziro ndi maprofesa othandizira nthawi zambiri amakhala oyenerera. monga osauka ogwira ntchito, kukhala paumphaลตi kapena wocheperapo. "[T] zinthu ... zakhala zikuipiraipira kwakanthawi," adatero Hogan. "Palibenso chilimbikitso chilichonse choperekedwa kwa iwo omwe amatsitsa mitu yawo ndipo osayambitsa vuto, ngakhale pamlingo uliwonse." Kudziwona kosinthika kwa ophunzira omaliza maphunziro - kudziwona okha, mochulukira, monga antchito - kwakonza maziko okonzekera.
"Yunivesite ili ndi ndalama zambiri mwa inu kukhulupirira lingaliro lakuti, choyamba, ndinu munthu wolandira maphunziro ... osati membala wa ogwira ntchito omwe amayendetsa," adatero Ramamurthy.
Kudziwona kosinthika kwa ophunzira omaliza maphunziro - kudziwona okha, mochulukira, monga antchito - kwakonza maziko okonzekera.
Mayunivesite amangopeputsa ubwino, kusiyanasiyana, ndi kukhazikika kwa ntchito zawo zazikuluzikulu pokana ngakhale kulipira malipiro abwino kwa ogwira ntchito omwe amachita ntchito yofunikira yophunzitsa ndi kufufuza. Malipiro abwino kwa aphunzitsi asukulu ndi owonjezera nawonso ndi nkhani yofanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi - malipiro amoyo amalola ophunzira omwe ali ndi mabanja ochepa, nthawi zambiri omwe ali osadziwika, kuti atsatire njira zomwezo zomwe zakhala zikupezeka kwa nthawi yayitali.
Komabe ku Columbia ndi kwina, akutero Ben-Menachem, ngakhale ngati malipiro a moyo akanaperekedwa, โTikadakhalabe owopsa. Anthu akusambira mu ngongole za ophunzira omwe ali ndi digiri yoyamba. " Miyezo ya maphunziro apamwamba ku Columbia ndi ena apamwamba mu fuko, ndipo mtengo wa mayunivesite m'dziko lonselo wakhala wotopetsa. Kuchepetsa ndalama za boma zathandiza kuti izi zichitikenso kumayunivesite aboma. Pakati pa 1985 ndi 2017, mtengo wapakati Kuphunzira pa koleji ya zaka zinayi ku United States kunakwera ndi 497 peresenti. Momwemonso, ngongole za ophunzira wachulukitsa katatu kuyambira 1970; kuyambira 2003, ngongole yonse ya ngongole ya ophunzira yakula ndi 602 peresenti. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Education Data Initiative, ngongole payekha, mwa ophunzira 43.2 miliyoni, tsopano ndi $39,351.
Kuwukira kowopsa kumeneku - ngongole zaphompho ndi malipiro olemetsa - ndizomwe zimatsatiridwa ndi machitidwe a kasamalidwe amakampani omwe amatengedwa ndi mayunivesite. Corporatism yasokoneza njira yopita ku bungwe lomwe kale linali lothandiza anthu ambiri, komanso lomwe limapereka njira zogwirira ntchito. Dongosolo limenelo lalephera.
Mukamaliza maphunziro apamwamba, malingaliro a omwe angakhale ophunzira sakhala bwino. Zowona ndi mawonekedwe akampani, bajeti zophunzitsira zakhala zikuchepetsedwa (kapena, mu euphemism, adagonjetsedwa "Kuyika patsogolo kwamaphunziro") ndi anthu omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri. Malinga ndi New Faculty Majority, adjunct advocacy Organisation, ogwira ntchito "okhazikika". - alangizi osagwira ntchito, othandizira anthawi yochepa komanso othandizira omaliza maphunziro - tsopano akupanga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a aphunzitsi a koleji.
Lipoti la 2016 kuchokera ku American Association of University Professors anapeza kuti "avareji membala wa gulu laganyu amapeza $16,718" kuchokera kwa bwana m'modzi, kukakamiza othandizira kuti azigwira ntchito kusukulu zingapo, kapena kutenga ntchito zambiri. "Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a adjunct amadalira thandizo la anthu, ndipo 40 peresenti amavutika kuti athe kulipira zofunika zapakhomo," Mkati mwa Ed inanena. Kudalira kwambiri masukulu awa kuti achepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito kwapangitsa kuti pakhale maphunziro apamwamba. Monga Malcolm Harris adalemba m'buku lake la 2017, Ana Masiku Ano: Chuma Chaumunthu ndi Kupanga Zakachikwi, โOphunzira omaliza maphunziro akuimiridwa kwambiri pakati pa kalasi yatsopano yowopsa ya aphunzitsi; ali ndi ngongole zambiri zomwe ali nazo, mayunivesite amatha kuwakakamiza kuti azichita nawo mayanjano amalipiro ochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa ophunzira a grad kukhala gwero lalikulu la maphunziro otsika mtengo. โ
Ogwira ntchito "okhazikika" tsopano akupanga magawo atatu mwa anayi a aphunzitsi aku koleji.
Ngongole za ophunzira zikuchulukirachulukira komanso malipiro ochepa amaphunziro ndizovuta zodziwika bwino. Mwina zomwe sizimamveka bwino ndizakuti ndalama zomwe zimachokera ku magulu awiri a maphunziro okwera mtengo komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zophunzitsira nthawi zambiri zimapita kuonjezeranso mizere yomwe yaphulika kale of administrator: ulamuliro waulamuliro wa mamenejala ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi malipiro omwe amafanana kwambiri ndi a anzawo amakampani kuposa anzawo akusukulu. Mofananamo, kudzipereka kwa ndalama ku "ntchito za ophunzira" kumalola kupanga zinthu zatsopano monga malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, mabwalo amasewera, malo ophunzirira ophunzira ndi zinthu zina zapamwamba zomwe makoleji atembenukirako ndikuyembekeza kukopa ofunsira kapena kubweza mbiri yabwino. M'nthawi yonseyi, zinthu zachuma zikuipiraipira kwa ophunzira ndi maprofesa omwewo.
Koma zotsatira za machitidwewa zakhala zosatsutsika: Monga Student Workers of Columbia membala wa bungwe la Rachel Himes analemba mu nkhani ya Jacobin, "Ngati ophunzira omaliza maphunziro ayamba kuwoneka ngati antchito, mayunivesite akuluakulu monga Columbia akudziwika kuti ndi mabungwe omwe ali mabiliyoni ambiri."
Kusintha Malo Ovomerezeka
Pamene akulimbana ndi kuphatikizika kwa zinthu izi, ophunzira omaliza maphunziro awo alimbikitsidwa kuti azigwira ntchito molimbika komanso kuchita sitiraka. Mabungwe a ophunzira omaliza maphunziro m'masukulu aboma ali ndi mbiri yoyambira osachepera 1969; m'ma 1970 adawonanso zoyesayesa zoyambirira m'mayunivesite apadera. Koma kwa zaka zopitirira khumi, chitetezo chalamulo cha mgwirizano m'masukulu apadera chinali choletsedwa ndi chitsanzo. Mu 2004, poyesa kutsimikizira zoyeserera ku Brown University, NLRB yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi Republican idagamula kuti ophunzira omaliza maphunziro anali ophunzira okha - osati ogwira ntchito - kuwaletsa ufulu wochita zisankho zamagulu ndikuchita nawo malonda onse. Mayunivesite anali okondwa kuvomereza. (Zakhala zofanana NLRB mmbuyo-ndi-mtsogolo pafunso loti ngati othandizira anali "oyang'anira" ndipo motero sangagwirizane.)
Pambuyo pa chigamulo cha 2004, okonza ophunzira omaliza maphunziro analibe chochita koma kutsata kuvomerezedwa mwaufulu kuchokera kusukulu zawo, zomwe zimanyalanyazidwa mosavuta. M'zaka zimenezo, New York University (kachiwiri) inakhala sukulu yokhayo payekha ndi ogwira nawo ntchito omaliza maphunziro awo pomwe Komiti Yokonzekera Omaliza Maphunziro idalandira ulemu mu 2014. Munali mu 2016, kumapeto kwa kayendetsedwe ka Obama, pomwe chisankho cha Brown chinasintha. kuloledwa kupereka ziphaso zamabungwe m'sukulu zapadera; posakhalitsa panatsatira dongosolo lokhazikika. Kulowetsedwa kwa Trump NLRB yosachezeka - yomwe adapereka malingaliro mu 2019 kuchotseranso ophunzira omaliza maphunziro awo pantchito - ndichofunika kwambiri woyendetsa waposachedwa ya kulinganiza ntchito. NLRB ya Biden, amene adathetsa pempho la 2019, amalonjeza kulola, pang'ono, malo azamalamulo ocheperako.
M'malo mwake, kusintha kwakukulu kwa NLRB mu 2016 pa chisankho cha Brown kudadalira pempho lachiphaso lochokera ku UAW Local 2110 yomweyo yaku Columbia, yomwe panthawiyo inkadziwika kuti Graduate Workers of Columbia University. Mgwirizanowu wakhala ukugwira ntchito patsogolo pa gulu la ophunzira omaliza maphunziro. Ngakhale m'zaka zovuta zapakati pa 2004 ndi 2016, zinali zoyesayesa zawo zokhazikika, molingana ndi kulimbikitsana ku mayunivesite ena apadera, zomwe zinathandizira kukakamiza NLRB kuthetsa chotchinga chalamulo.
Kuyambira pamenepo, Local 2110 yalandila omaliza maphunziro awo, kukhala Student Workers of Columbia (SWC-UAW). Tsopano ikuwerengera ophunzira 3,000 amitundu yonse mu umembala wake. (Cholinga chozindikira othandizira maphunziro a digiri yoyamba ndi kulimbikitsa mgwirizano, komanso kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa sukuluyo kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yochepetsera ntchito mwa kusintha ntchito kwa ocheperapo ngati othandizira ophunzitsidwa bwino apeza chitetezo chabwino.) Chaka chatha, omaliza maphunziro a Columbia ndi omaliza maphunziro awo. ophunzira anayima pamodzi pa sitalaka ya maphunziro ya mbiri yakale yomwe cholinga chake ndi kutsutsa mikhalidwe yomwe ilipo, komanso nkhani za chilungamo pakati pa mitundu. Koma sizomwe zimachitika kuti olamulira aku Columbia angokhala osasunthika - zochita zake, akuti okonza SWC-UAW, awonjezera kubwezera kosaloledwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti milandu ya ULP ithetsedwe ku NLRB.
Kulankhulana ndi Otsogolera
Kunyanyala koyambirira kwa SWC-UAW Local 2110 mu Marichi kudatha mgwirizano woyesera - zomwe, komabe, zidakanidwa ndi mamembala a bungwe. Kusasangalatsidwa ndi mgwirizanowu kudapangitsa kuti komiti yokambiranayo isiye udindo. Pazokambirana, Columbia idatsutsa kuti mliriwu wawononga chuma chawo - koma "zinatheka," atero a Ben-Menachem, "Columbia adapeza $3 biliyoni chaka chatha." Yunivesiteyo idanena molakwika za chuma chake, ndikupangitsa mgwirizanowo kuti "ugwirizane ndi mfundo zolakwika."
Kukonzekera kwa ntchito ndiye njira yosinthira anthu ogwira ntchito - ndipo ophunzira omaliza maphunziro ndi othandizana nawo pakati pa aphunzitsi ndi gulu la ophunzira amadzionera okha mphamvu zake.
Pakhala pali njira yoyendetsera zinthu mwachisawawa. M'nyengo yamasika, olamulira adayimitsa chiwongola dzanja cha 3 peresenti pakubwezera. Kenako, m'nyengo yachilimwe, sukuluyo idasintha mwadzidzidzi malipiro a othandizira omaliza maphunziro, ndikuchotsa ndalama zambiri. Makonzedwe a nthawi yayitali adalimbikitsa kuti malipiro a omaliza maphunziro ndi mphatso, osati malipiro oyenera - koma, zomwe zati, zidapatsa mwayi kwa omwe akumenya nkhondo. Ben-Menachem ananena kuti popereka ndalama zonse mlungu uliwonse, yunivesiteyo inagwiritsa ntchito โnjira yolangira anthu amene amanyanyala ntchito komanso kuonetsetsa kuti tisalipidwe. M'mbuyomu tinali ndi ndalama zolipirira, ndiye ngati tikunyanyala ntchito, sangatilande malipiro ... Koma chifukwa malipiro athu ndi otsika kale, ngakhale popanda sitiraka, ophunzira anali atayamba kale ngongole."
Mogwirizana ndi kukonzanso malipiro, yunivesite inafuna "umboni" - kutanthauza kuti antchito "ayenera kunena kuti, 'Sindikumenya, ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito,' kuti alandire malipiro," adatero Ben-Menachem.. โKukana umboni ndi momwe mgwirizano umasonyezera mphamvu zake. Yunivesite ikuwerengera mwachangu kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuchitira umboni kapena ayi akazindikira mtundu wanji womwe akufuna kutipatsa. โ
Kunyanyala kwaposachedwa kwambiri, komwe kukuchitika kuyambira pa Novembara 3, kukuyankhanso za malipiro omwewo ndi mapindu omwewo, komanso kukuchitika chifukwa cha chiwongola dzanja chosagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa malipiro achilimwe. Kumayambiriro kwa December, woyang'anira adatumiza imelo kuwopseza kuti amene atsala pa sitiraka pofika December 10 adzakanidwa ntchito. Kulowetsa m'malo mwa onyanyala ntchito pa sitalaka yolakwika sikuloledwa, ndipo, kwenikweni, ndi ULP ina. Boma likunena kuti kunyanyala ntchitoku ndi nkhani yazachuma basi, choncho kuyisinthako ndikololedwa. SWC-UAW ikulemba ULP yachitatu poyankha.
Zochita zina zoyang'anira zachikhulupiriro choyipa zikuphatikiza kulonjeza "kuyenda" pazovomera, kungobweretsa mgwirizano womwe udakanidwa kale pagome - pambuyo pake wotsutsayo adatumizira maimelo ku yunivesite yonse kunena kuti mgwirizanowo ndi wopanda nzeru. Columbia idakananso ganizo lopanda tsankho komanso kuzunza zomwe zikanalola kuti ophunzira asankhe oweruza kuti awonetsere zomwe apeza.
Zonsezi zidafika pachimake pa 8 December picket, yomwe idakhalabe yamtendere, ngakhale imelo ina yofalitsidwa kwambiri yomwe Oyang'anira adati, mopanda maziko, kuti zomwe akuchitazo zinali zachiwawa. Chifukwa cha zomwe zachitika posachedwa, sukuluyi adapereka mgwirizano ku bungweli: kuwonjezereka kwa malipiro ocheperapo (omwe, kuwerengera kwa inflation, kuchuluka kwa malipiro), malipiro ochepa $ 4 otsika ndi chisamaliro cha ana chofooka kuposa momwe anafunira, kusowa masomphenya ndi kutetezedwa kwa mano kwa ophunzira a Master ndi kukana kusagwirizana ndi ndale, mogwira mtima. kulola yunivesite kuti ifufuze yokha pa tsankho ndi nkhanza. Mwanjira ina, oyang'anira akupereka zololeza zomwe zili zocheperako. Polemba izi, kumenyedwa kwa SWC-UAW kukupitilira.
Otsogolera kusayenerera ndi kubwezera is pa maphunzirowa mu campus kupanga. Mayunivesite, pofuna kulepheretsa migwirizano, ali ndi njira zingapo zomwe angathe. Njira yodalirika ndiyo kukakamiza mgwirizano wa miyala, kuchedwetsa mpaka otsutsa mgwirizano wawo atamaliza maphunziro awo ndipo m'malo mwake alowa m'malo ndi mbewu zosazindikira.
Ben-Menachem anati: โKukumbukira ndi kubweza ndalama kumawopseza kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa mayunivesite aboma kumawathandizanso kudikirira sitiraka kapena kubwereka ena antchito. Mabungwe a ophunzira atha kugawidwa ndi zolimbikitsa kuti athetse mgwirizano kuti apindule: Pali zokakamizika zosunga ubale ndi aphunzitsi omwe angalembe makalata ovomereza kapena kukhala ndi chikoka pa ntchito yake.
Komabe, kudalira kwambiri kwa mayunivesite pa ophunzira omaliza maphunziro ndi othandizira kwadzetsa kufooka: Kukhazikika kwawo pamasukulu kumawapatsa mwayi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ogwira ntchito kuyunivesite yamakono - luso lokhazikika, mayendedwe okhazikika, osakhazikika kapena owonjezera, othandizira ophunzitsa ophunzira omaliza, ma postdocs, omaliza maphunziro - amapanga njira yolumikizirana. Ena ogwirizana nawo m'mayunivesite amatetezedwa ndi nthawi, pomwe ophunzira amakhala ndi mphamvu ngati makasitomala olipira, monga momwe ophunzira aku Columbia adawonetsera ndikunyanyala kwawo maphunziro. Omaliza maphunziro ndi aphunzitsi amathanso kukana kugwira ntchito ngati olowa m'malo, chifukwa oyang'anira amafulumira kutembenukira kwa ophunzira omwe amaliza maphunziro awo akasiya ntchito. Ophunzira achifundo angasonyeze mgwirizano pokhala oleza mtima ndi kuchedwa pa sukulu ndi makalasi; ambiri ku Columbia achita izi, pozindikira kuti ndi yunivesite yomwe ikukakamiza nkhaniyi. Omaliza maphunziro ndi magulu a ophunzira ngati Columbia's GS (Gay Straight) Alliance zathandizanso kupeza ndalama ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Njira zothekera za mgwirizano ziliponso ndi mautumiki ena akuyunivesite ndi ogwira ntchito zaubusa.
A Student Workers of Columbia ali pankhondo yovuta kwambiri: Chilichonse chomwe mgwirizano wa Columbia ungapambane chidzawoneka ngati chitsanzo ndi zoyesayesa zina zapasukulupo, ndipo lingaliro la NLRB pamilandu ya ULP likhoza kukhazikitsa chitsanzo chachikulu, akutero Ben- Menachem: "Chigamulo chosavomerezeka ku Columbia chingakhale ndi zovuta zazikulu komanso zowopsa kwa omaliza maphunziro omwe akukonzekera nthawi zambiri - ngati titatsimikiza molakwika, zitha kulowa m'malamulo ena onse. Tikudziwa kuti mgwirizano wathu umakhudza wina aliyense. "
Akuluakulu a University of Columbia adalumikizidwa kuti apereke ndemanga poyankha zonena za ophunzira aku Columbia m'nkhaniyi koma sanayankhe nthawi ya atolankhani.
Masomphenya a Maphunziro Abwino
Ngati mayunivesite apitiliza kusintha kukhala mabungwe ofunafuna phindu, oyang'anira ayenera kuyembekezera kuti mikangano ikule. Kusintha kwabwera chifukwa cha ogwira ntchito omwe ndi injini zamabungwe awo, ndipo kukana kwawo kudzangowonjezereka. Kwa ambiri, osawona malingaliro agwa. Yunivesite yopangidwa ndi mabungwe ndi izi: bungwe, komabe lodzala ndi zolankhula zomwe zimapenta masukulu ngati oyang'anira opatulika akupanga nzeru.
Kuyang'aniranso makoleji ku maphunziro ogwirizana, m'malo mosinthana ndikusinthana, kudzafunika kuchoka pamipikisano yowononga, kudzipatula komanso malingaliro amsika omwe adzilowetsa m'munda wamaphunziro. "Kufikira kuyenera kupangitsa sukulu ya grad kukhala ntchito yotetezeka, yokhazikika yomwe imalola anthu kukhala motetezeka, kuyambitsa mabanja, kuyamba kusunga ndalama zopuma pantchito ndikulowa uchikulire mokhazikika," akutero Hogan. "Ndikuganiza kuti tsogolo la gululi likudalira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zathu zandale kupanga mayunivesite olemera kukhala mabungwe omwe amatumikira anthu onse osati kungopeza ndalama, mphamvu ndi kutchuka."
Hogan akutchula zoyesayesa zatsopano monga High Ed Labor United, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa mabungwe ophunzira ochokera m'dziko lonselo. Kukulitsa mgwirizano anena kale za kuthekera kwa kusintha kosinthika. "Pali mgwirizano wodabwitsa wachilengedwe womwe umapezeka pakati pa ophunzira m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana," anawonjezera. "Ndikuganiza kuti tiwona kuwonekera kwa mabungwe akuluakulu, omwe akuyembekeza kuti asinthe mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri."
Ku Columbia, "Zomwe ndinakumana nazo pokonzekera ndi SWC zakhala zosaiลตalika," adatero Ben-Menachem. Wopanda. "Ndimachita chidwi ndi anthu omwe ndimapanga nawo gulu, omwe atha maola mazana ambiri akumenyera mgwirizano womwe ungapindulitse antchito omwe sanabwere kuno ... idzakhala malo ofunikira olimbikitsira tonsefe. Ndikuganiza kuti tatha kupatsa omaliza maphunziro athu chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pamaphunziro kunja kwa maphunziro a Columbia - tsopano akudziwa kuti mzere wa picket ndi chiyani!
Chifuniro chochita zinthu pamodzi chomwe chikuyambiranso pasukulupo chikuyimira njira yosinthira maphunziro okwera kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito movutikira komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu m'manja mwa oyang'anira. Nkhondoyi idzafuna mgwirizano pa mpikisano, padziko lonse lapansi pa meritocracy. Kukonzekera kwa ntchito ndiye njira yosinthira anthu ogwira ntchito - ndipo ophunzira omaliza maphunziro ndi othandizana nawo pakati pa aphunzitsi ndi gulu la ophunzira amadzionera okha mphamvu zake.
Chidziwitso: Owerenga atha kupereka ndalama ku Student Workers of Columbia strike fund Pano.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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