(Nazareti) - Yunis al Masri anali ndi mwayi kuposa abale ake awiri ochokera ku Gaza. Ngakhale galimoto yomwe idakwera mgalimoto yawo pomwe amapita kuntchito ku Israel zaka 24 zapitazo idapha Jaber ndi Kamal nthawi yomweyo, Bambo al Masri adapulumuka ndi kusweka mafupa, kutuluka magazi mkati komanso kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.
Masiku ano, wazaka 49 ndipo pambuyo pa maopaleshoni ambiri, amavutika kuyenda komanso amavutika kukumbukira kuchita zinthu. Chiyembekezo chilichonse chogwira ntchito kachiwiri chinaphwanyidwa mu 1985 pakati pa kuwonongeka kwa galimoto.
Monga makumi masauzande ena ogwira ntchito zamanja aku Palestine omwe amagwira ntchito mkati mwa Israeli Gaza isanasindikizidwe pang'onopang'ono kupita kumayiko akunja kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, a Al Masri anali atalipira pafupipafupi ku thumba lachitetezo ku Israeli kuchokera kumalipiro ake.
Wotsimikiziridwa kuti ndi wolumala ndi komiti yachipatala ya Israeli, ali ndi ufulu wolandira ndalama zokwana madola 800 pamwezi kuchokera ku Israel National Insurance Institute, zomwe adathandizira mkazi wake ndi ana 10 kunyumba kwawo ku Beit Hanoun, kumpoto kwa Gaza.
Kumayambiriro kwa Januware, komabe, kusamutsidwa kwamapindu olemala kunasiya kufika muakaunti yake yakubanki ku Gaza. Pafupifupi antchito ena 700 ovulala ali momwemo.
Chifukwa, aphunzira, ndikuti pamene gulu lankhondo la Israeli likudutsa mu Gaza Strip panthawi yachisanu, Bank of Israel inadula maubwenzi ndi mabanki a Gaza.
Kutha kwa ubale wachuma pakati pa Israeli ndi Gaza, pakuzama kwa zaka zitatu zotsekeredwa ndi gulu lolamulidwa ndi Hamas, zikutanthauza kuti Bambo al Masri ndi ogwira ntchito ena olumala akhala opanda ndalama kwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi yapitayi.
Bambo al Masri adati adakakamizika kukhala ndi ngongole zambiri kuti apitirize kuika chakudya patebulo, ndikuwonjezera kuti banja lonse limadalira mwana wawo wamkazi, Nura, 26. Pa Ramadan adayamba ntchito yaganyu yomwe imabweretsa ndalama zokwana madola 100 pamwezi. , ngakhale ntchitoyo ili kutali ndi chitetezo. "Kodi ndalamazo zifika pati kuti zidyetse ndi kusamalira banja la anthu 12?" adatero.
Nura anawonjezera kuti: "Zopindulitsa zitasiya kufika, tidayimbira National Insurance Institute ndipo tidauzidwa kuti ndi chisankho chandale ndikuti Gilad Shalit akabwezedwa tidzalandira ndalama zathu." Sgt Shalit, msilikali wa Israeli, adagwidwa ndi Hamas mu June 2006. Amakhulupirira kuti akusungidwa ku Gaza.
Mlamu wa Mr al Masri, Hasna, yemwe mwamuna wake, Jaber, anamwalira pangoziyi, adati palibe aliyense mwa ana ake anayi omwe amapeza ndalama ndipo banja linali lopanda ndalama. Anali atangouza kumene mwana wake wamwamuna wamkulu, yemwe akuphunzira ku Romania, kuti kulibe ndalama zolipirira maphunziro ake.
"Ndife okondwa kupita kumalo ochezera ku Erez kukatenga cheke ngati zili choncho," adatero al Masri.
Milandu ya ogwira ntchito yatengedwa ndi Al Mezan Center for Human Rights, yomwe ili ku Gaza, ndi gulu la malamulo la Israeli, Adalah, lomwe linayambitsa pempho lotsutsa chigamulo cha boma ku Khoti Lalikulu sabata yatha.
A Mahmoud abu Rahma, wolankhulira Al Mezan, adanena kuti ogwira ntchito ovulala 700 anali mbali ya anthu ambiri a Gazan 80,000 omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse ku Israel m'ma 1970 ndi 1980. Ziwerengerozi zinangoyamba kuchepa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 pamene Israeli adayambitsa ndondomeko yotseka ndikumanga mpanda wamagetsi kuzungulira Gaza. Mgwirizano wa Oslo wa zaka za m'ma 1990, womwe unkapereka chiyembekezo cha kudzilamulira kwa Palestine, unachepetsanso mwayi wogwira ntchito pamene Israeli ikukhazikitsa ndondomeko yake yolekanitsa.
Ntchito zambiri zamanja, zomwe zidachitikapo ndi anthu aku Palestine ochokera ku Gaza ndi West Bank, masiku ano zimachitidwa ndi antchito obwera 300,000, makamaka ochokera ku Philippines, Thailand, China ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe.
A Abu Rahma ati ogwira ntchito olumalawo, atataya mwayi wogwira ntchito, tsopano akuvutika ndi manyazi chifukwa cholephera kusamalira mabanja awo.
"Israeli ili ndi mphamvu zonse osati malire a Gaza okha, komanso ndondomeko yathu yandalama," adatero. "Timadalira ndalama ya Israeli ya shekeli ndipo mabanki aku Israeli amatha kuyatsa ndikuzimitsa ndalama momwe angafunire."
Kutsekereza kwa Israeli ku Gaza kwakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kuyambira pomwe Hamas idapambana zisankho za Palestinian Authority kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2006. ndi magetsi. Tsopano zinthu zofunika kwambiri zokha ndi zomwe zimadutsa.
Mabanki awiri okha a Israeli omwe akugwira ntchito ndi Gaza, Hapoalim ndi Discount, adalandira chilolezo kuchokera ku Bank of Israel kuti adule maulalo awo panthawi ya chiwonongeko cha Gaza. Banki yayikulu idatsutsa kale izi, powopa kuti ibweretsa kugwa kwachuma cha Gaza.
Sabata ino, lipoti lochokera ku United Nations Conference on Trade and Development linanena kuti 90 peresenti ya anthu a ku Gaza akukhala pansi pa umphaŵi, ndi ntchito yoletsedwa pafupifupi ku boma ndi kayendetsedwe ka boma ndi mafakitale ang'onoang'ono ogwira ntchito.
A Abu Rahma adati ogwira ntchito olumala akuphatikizapo osauka kwambiri komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri pakati pa anthu aku Gaza okwana 1.5 miliyoni, ndipo ambiri ali pachiwopsezo cha njala ngati ndalama sizingayambitsidwenso posachedwa. "Alibe njira zina zopezera ndalama ndipo akulimbana kwambiri popanda mapindu awo."
Mu 1998, Fadil Qomsan adagwa nsanjika zisanu ndi ziwiri kuchokera pamalo omanga ku Ashdod, 25km kumpoto kwa Gaza, atathyoka msana.
Pamilungu iwiri yomwe adakhala kuchipatala ku Tel Aviv, adati, woyang'anira malowa adabwera pafupi ndi bedi lake kudzamuuza kuti kampani yomangayo ikukana udindo. “Anandiuza kuti ndagwa chifukwa ndinkagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Apolisi anakonza zoti andipime magazi ambiri m’nthawi imene ndinali kukhalako, koma onse anapezeka kuti alibe. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi ndinapeza ufulu wanga wolandira ndalama zolipirira olumala.”
A Qomsan, azaka 46, ochokera ku kampu ya Jabaliya, yemwe amafunikira chingwe chakumbuyo kuti ayende, adayesedwa kuti ndi olumala 81%. Anali kulandira $450 kuti azisamalira mkazi wake ndi ana atatu, womaliza ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. "Ndalama zathu zinali zovuta ngakhale titalandira macheke, koma tsopano zavuta."
Iye adati banjali lidakakamizika kuti lipulumuke ndi thandizo la abale ndi abwenzi.
Taysir al Basoos wakhala wakhungu kuyambira 16 pamene msomali unawombedwa kuchokera kumfuti ya misomali pamalo omanga ku Ashkelon, 10km kumpoto kwa Gaza, unalowa pachifuwa chake, ndikudula magazi ku ubongo wake ndikumusiya wakhungu.
Bambo Al Basoos, 47, adati mkazi wawo ndi ana asanu ndi mmodzi, kuphatikizapo wamng'ono yemwe ali ndi zaka zisanu, amadalira ndalama zomwe amapeza pamwezi.
“Antchito ngati ine anathandiza kumanga dziko la Israeli; sitinaike Hamas kukhala woyang’anira Gaza,” adatero. “Sindichita nawo ndale konse, ndiye ndikulangidwanji? Mlandu wathu ndi wothandiza anthu.”
Sawsan Zaher, loya ndi Adalah, adati milandu isanu ndi umodzi ya ogwira ntchito olumala ochokera ku Gaza omwe adakanidwa mapindu adaperekedwa ku Khothi Lalikulu la Israeli. Anaphatikizapo omanga amene anagwa; wolima dimba ku khonsolo yakuderalo yemwe adaphwanyidwa ndi crane yomwe idagwa, komanso wotsuka magalimoto omwe adataya zala ziwiri.
A Zaher adati Adalah adalumikizana koyamba ndi National Insurance Institute, Bank of Israel ndi maunduna osiyanasiyana aboma mu Epulo, pomwe kusintha kwa mfundo kudawonekera, koma onse adazemba udindo.
"Tidauzidwa ndi NII kuti ikuyesera kukambirana ndi a Palestinian Authority, mwina posamutsa ndalamazo kudzera mu [Fatah-run] West Bank, koma sizinathandize."
Adalah akutsutsa kuti chisankho choletsa malipiro ku Gaza chikuphwanya malamulo a Israeli. "Ndalamazo ndi za anthu olumala ndipo chigamulochi chimawalanda katundu wawo mopanda chilungamo," adatero Zaher.
Adalah akunenanso kuti chigamulocho, chifukwa chimakhudza ufulu wa anthu ogwira ntchito ku Palestina okha osati a Israeli, chimapanga tsankho.
A Abu Rahma ati pali vuto linanso loti ena mwa ogwira ntchitowo sangakwanitse kugula mankhwala ofunikira pa chithandizo chawo.
Sharif Qarmout, wazaka 58, wa msasa wa Jabaliya, wakhala wolumala m'chiuno kuyambira 1979 pamene adagwa m'mabwalo asanu ndi limodzi kuchokera pamalo omanga ku Rishon Letzion, pafupi ndi Tel Aviv. Kutayika kwa ndalama zake zapamwezi zokwana madola 1,150 kwaika banjalo m’vuto lalikulu pamene likuvutika osati kokha kugula chakudya komanso kulipira ngongole ya $350 mwezi uliwonse ya mankhwala 15 osiyanasiyana amene amafunikira kuti aletse kusadziletsa kwake, kuwongolera kuyenda kwa magazi m’miyendo yake. ndi kupewa kuvutika maganizo.
“Chaka ndi theka chapitacho Israel inasiya kupatsa mkazi wanga chilolezo chopita kuchipatala ku Ashkelon kukatenga mankhwalawo,” anatero a Qarmout, amene amagwiritsa ntchito njinga ya olumala. "Ndinakakamizika kuwagula payekha ku Gaza, koma tsopano ndilibe ndalama. Ndakhala ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma pharmacies osiyanasiyana, ndikulipira ngongole, koma sizingapitirire nthawi yayitali. Ndayamba kuchepetsa mlingo kuti mankhwalawa akhalebe nthawi yaitali.”
A Qarmout adati ana awo akuluakulu atatu amakhala mnyumbamo kuti amusamalire, chifukwa mkazi wake nthawi zambiri amakhala pabedi ndi vuto lalikulu la msana kuyambira zaka 30 zomukweza.
"Palibe amene akutenga udindo kwa anthu ngati ine - osati Hamas, osati Israeli."
Marie Badarne, wa Labourers 'Voice, gulu la ufulu wa ogwira ntchito ku Nazareti, adati nkhanza za boma la Israeli kwa ogwira ntchito olumala zikugwirizana ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe anthu a Gaza adakumana nawo ku Israel mpaka posachedwapa.
Anatinso antchito masauzande ambiri ochokera ku Gaza adayimitsidwa mapangano awo ku Israeli popanda chidziwitso ndi owalemba ntchito mchaka cha 2004, boma la Ariel Sharon litangolengeza kuti "lidzasiya" kundendeko m'chilimwe cha 2005.
Ambiri anali akugwira ntchito yomanga, m’magalaja, m’mafakitale opangira nsalu, m’mashopu opala matabwa kapena monga alimi m’dziko la Israel kapena m’midzi yoŵerengeka ya Ayuda mkati mwa Gaza imene inawonongedwa mu August 2005.
"Nthawi imodzi ogwira ntchito opitilira 20,000 adalandidwa zilolezo zawo ndikutaya ndalama," adatero. "Akhala akulipira ku mabungwe achitetezo, ena mwa iwo kwazaka zambiri, koma amakanidwa ziyeneretso zawo zalamulo, monga malipiro olekanitsidwa, nthawi yowonjezera komanso ndalama zatchuthi."
Mawu a Laborers adati kafukufuku wake adawonetsanso kuti olemba anzawo ntchito ambiri aku Israeli akhala akulipira antchito aku Gaza pansi pa malipiro ochepa.
Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwake, ogwira ntchito ochotsedwa ku Gaza aliyense ali ndi ngongole pakati pa $ 12,000 ndi $ 50,000, kutanthauza kuti olemba anzawo ntchito ku Israeli "abera ogwira ntchito makumi, kapena mazana, mamiliyoni a madola", adatero Badarne.
M’mwezi wa July, gulu la Nazareti linapereka madandaulo m’malo mwa antchito oposa 40 kukhoti la anthu ogwira ntchito ku Beersheva, lomwe lavomera kuti limve mlanduwo. Ogwira ntchito onse adalembedwa ntchito ndi kampani ya mipando, makamaka ngati akalipentala, pamalo opangira mafakitale a Erez pafupi ndi Gaza Strip.
Mayi Badarne adanena kuti kampaniyo sinakane kuti ogwira ntchitowo anali ndi ngongole koma adateteza zochita zake chifukwa chakuti Gaza adatchedwa "mdani".
"Maloya awo anena kuti, chifukwa Gaza ndi gulu la adani, okhalamo akuyenera kuwonedwa ngati anthu ankhanza," adatero. "Iwo adauza woweruza kuti Israeli sayenera kutsegula zitseko zake kwa zigawenga ndikuti kuthetsa kuzingidwa kwachuma kungagwire ntchito motsutsana ndi zofuna za dziko la Israeli.
"Pofuna kulimbikitsa mkangano wawo woti mlandu wochirikiza ogwira ntchitoyo uthetsedwe, maloyawo adatumizanso khothi buku lachikalata cha Hamas ndikuwunika tanthauzo lake."
Ananenanso kuti, ngakhale olemba anzawo ntchito aku Israeli adachotsa ndalama zachitetezo cha anthu ku Gazans, ogwira ntchito sakanathanso kugwiritsa ntchito zopindulitsa zomwe ayenera kulandira.
"Mwachitsanzo, ngati adwala, ogwira ntchitowa ayenera kukhala ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito zipatala za Israeli chifukwa adalipira inshuwalansi ya umoyo, koma ndithudi udindowo sukulemekezedwanso. Nthawi zina, chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa chithandizo chamankhwala ku Gaza chifukwa chotsekeredwa, ufuluwo ungatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa moyo ndi imfa. ”
Ronit Gedultir, wolankhulira bungwe la National Insurance Institute ku Israel, adati akuluakulu a boma akufunafuna njira yothetsera mabanja a anthu olumala omwe akhudzidwa ndi chisankho cha banki.
"Iyi ndi nkhani yovuta kwambiri ndipo sitikuinyalanyaza," adatero. "Ndalama zikudikirira apa mabanjawa, koma mpaka pano sitinapeze njira yowafikitsira."
Israeli yakhala ikufunanso kuthetsa ufulu wa anthu wamba waku Palestine kuti apemphe chipukuta misozi chifukwa chovulala ndi gulu lankhondo la Israeli.
Lamulo lomwe silinalole boma kuti lisamayimbidwe mwalamulo ndi anthu aku Palestine chifukwa chovulala kapena kuwonongeka kwa katundu womwe gulu lankhondo lidachita panthawi ya intifada yachiwiri idaperekedwa m'chilimwe cha 2005 koma idasinthidwa chaka chotsatira ndi Khothi Lalikulu.
Mkulu wa bungwe la Adalah Hassan Jabareen wati lamuloli lasinthidwa posachedwapa pofuna kulidumpha kukhoti ndipo akuyembekezeka kutumizidwanso ku nyumba ya malamulo mwezi uno.
Jonathan Cook ndi wolemba komanso mtolankhani wokhala ku Nazareti, Israel. Mabuku ake aposachedwa ndi "Israel and the Clash of Civilizations: Iraq, Iran and the Plan to Remake the Middle East" (Pluto Press) ndi "Disappearing Palestine: Zoyeserera za Israeli mu Kutaya Mtima Kwa Anthu" (Zed Books). Webusaiti yake ndi www.jkcook.net.
Nkhaniyi idawonekera koyamba mu The National (www.thenational.ae), lofalitsidwa ku Abu Dhabi.
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