[Nkhaniyi ndi gawo la mndandanda wa ZNet Classics. Katatu pa sabata tidzalembanso nkhani yomwe tikuganiza kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ili lidasindikizidwa koyamba pa Seputembara 20, 2000.]
Kukula kwa chidziwitso cha mafuko ndi kulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu aku India ku Western hemisphere kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 sikunalandiridwe ndi magulu ankhondo kapena zipani zotsutsa komanso magulu osintha zinthu. "Funso la ku India" lakhala nkhani yoletsedwa mkangano m'zandale zonse, ngakhale kusankhana mitundu, tsankho ndi nkhanza zimatsutsidwa mbali zonse.
โRoxanne Dunbar Ortiz
Amwenye a
Nthawi zambiri m'zolemba zanga ndi maphunziro, ndadziwonetsa kuti ndine "wachikunja" pamawonekedwe. Mwa izi, ndikutanthauza kuti ndine amene sindimangotengera ufulu wa anthu amtundu wamba monga chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wanga wa ndale, koma amene amatengera miyambo - matupi a chidziwitso ndi zizindikiro zamtengo wapatali - zomwe zinasintha zaka zikwi zambiri. ndi anthu ammudzi padziko lonse lapansi. Awa ndi maziko omwe sindimangopititsa patsogolo kutsutsa, komanso kulingalira njira zina zomwe zilili panopa, ndale, zachuma, ndi filosofi. Komanso, izi zimapereka mawonekedwe osati mitundu ya zolinga ndi zolinga zomwe ndimatsata, komanso mitundu yamalingaliro ndi njira zomwe ndimalimbikitsa, zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe ndimakonda kuthandizira, chikhalidwe cha migwirizano yomwe ndimakonda kulowamo, ndi zina zotero.
Ndiloleni ndinene, ndisanapitirirenso, kuti sindine wapadera kapena ndekha potengera maganizo amenewa. Ndizovuta zamalingaliro, malingaliro, ndi kumvetsetsa komwe kumalimbikitsa gulu lonse la American Indian Movement, lofotokozedwa momveka bwino, pano
M'malingaliro mwanga, iwo, Amwenye ndi omwe si Amwenye omwe, omwe samazindikira mayina awa ndi zomwe amaimira sadziwa mbiri yowona - zenizeni - za.
Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, zonsezi sizikutanthauza kuti ndikuganiza kuti ndine m'modzi mwa anthu ofunikira omwe ndawatchula, kapena gulu la ena, oyeneranso, omwe sanatchulidwepo. Ndilibe lingaliro la "New Age" ndekha ngati kubadwanso kwa munthu yemwe adabwerapo kale. Koma ndikunena kuti ndikutenga izi
makolo monga kudzoza kwanga, monga zitsanzo zokha za mbiri yakale za maganizo oyenera ndi khalidwe pa kontinenti ino, malo ano, dziko lino lomwe ndikukhalamo ndi limene ine ndiri gawo lake. Ndimawalandira monga cholowa changa, zitsanzo zanga, muyezo womwe ndiyenera kudziyesa ndekha. Ndimayesetsa nthawi zonse kukhala woyenera kumenya nkhondo zomwe adamenya, kudzipereka kwawo. Kunena zoona, nthawi zonse ndakhala ndikuzifuna pankhaniyi, koma ndimavomereza kuti munthu ali ndi udindo wolankhula zoona, ngakhale atakhala kuti sangathe kuchita kapena kuzichita. Monga Chief Dan George adanenapo, "ndimayesetsa kulimbikira," ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ichi ndi chochitika chomwe chimagawidwa mofanana ndi aliyense amene ali nawo pakalipano zomwe ndimazitcha "chikhalidwe chachikhalidwe."
Ena amene zolembedwa ndi zokamba ndi zochita zawo zingakhale zodziลตika bwino, ndipo amene amagwirizana ndi tanthauzo la mbadwaโkapena โWadziko Lachinayi,โ monga momwe timatchulidwira nthaลตi zinaโakuphatikizapo Winona LaDuke ndi John Trudell, Simon Ortiz, Russell Means ndi Leonard Peltier, Glenn Morris ndi Leslie Silko, Jimmie Durham, John Mohawk ndi Oren Lyons, Bob Robideau ndi Dino Butler, Ingrid Washinawatok ndi Dagmar Thorpe. Pali akatswiri ndi maloya ngati Vine Deloria, Don Grinde, Pam Colorado, Sharon Venne, George Tinker, Bob Thomas, Jack Forbes, Rob Williams ndi Hank Adams. Pali olemba ndakatulo ngati Wendy Rose, Adrian Louis, Dian Million, Chrystos, Elizabeth Woody ndi Barnie Bush.
Palinso asilikali ankhondo ambiri mโdziko lamakonoli, anthu monga alongo a Dann, Bernard Ominayak, Art Montour ndi Buddy Lamont, Madonna Thunderhawk, Anna Mae Aquash, Kenny Kane ndi Joe Suntz, Minnie Garrow ndi Bobby Garcia, Dallas Thundershield, Phyllis Young. , Andrea Smith ndi Richard Oaks, Margo Thunderbird, Tina Trudell ndi Roque Duenas. Ndipo, ndithudi, pali akulu, amene apereka, ndi kupitiriza kupereka, kupitiriza ndi chitsogozo kwa indigenists kufotokoza; Ndikunena za anthu monga Chief Fools Crow ndi Matthew King, Henry Crow Dog ndi Grampa David Sohappy, David Monongye ndi Janet McCloud ndi Thomas Banyacya, Roberta Blackgoat ndi Katherine Smith ndi Pauline Whitesinger, Marie Leggo ndi Phillip Deer ndi Ellen Moves Camp, Raymond Yowell ndi Nellie Red Kadzidzi.4
Monga anthu a mbiri yakale omwe ndawatchula kale, awa ndi mayina omwe akuyimira maudindo, mikangano, ndi zokhumba zomwe ziyenera kudziwika kwa munthu aliyense wokonda chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Mayina omwe ndawalemba sangagwirizane ndi cholowa cha Amwenye a "Hang Around the Fort", osweka, opanda mphamvu, ndi mantha ndi omwe adawagonjetsa, kapena ndi ogulitsa omwe adasokoneza kukhulupirika kwa zikhalidwe zawo, osankhidwa ndi
Mโmalo mwake, chidziลตitso cha mbadwa chimapereka mankhwala ochiritsira, masomphenya a mmene zinthu zingakhalire ozikidwa pa mmene zinthu zakhalira kuyambira kalekale, ndi mmene zinthu ziyenera kukhaliranso ngati mtundu wa anthu, ndipo mwinamwake pulaneti lenilenilo, lidzapulumuka kwa nthaลตi yaitali. Zonenedweratu pa kuphatikizika kwa nzeru zomwe zapezedwa zaka zikwi zambiri ndi anthu achikhalidwe, okhala ndi nthaka padziko lonse lapansiโDziko Lachinayi kapena, monga momwe Winona LaDuke amanenera, โThe Host World pomwe maiko oyamba, achiwiri ndi achitatu onse akukhala pakali pano. nthawiโโchikhalidwe chachikhalidwe chimatsutsana kwambiri ndi zonse zomwe zingatchulidwe kuti "malonda a Eurocentric monga mwachizolowezi."7
Indigenism
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