Oposa theka la anthu omwe ali ku Louisiana's Sex Offender Registry - yomwe idapangidwira ogwirira ndi ogona ana - ndi amayi osauka omwe adapezeka ndi milandu yogonana.
Tabitha wakhala akugwira ntchito ya uhule ku New Orleans kuyambira ali ndi zaka 13. Tsopano ali ndi zaka 30, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka akugwira ntchito pakona kunja kwa Quarter ya ku France. Mayi woyera wamng'ono komanso wamng'ono, wakhala akulimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso matenda ndipo amavutika tsiku lililonse kuti apeze chakudya kapena malo ogona.
Masiku ano, Tabitha, amene anapempha kuti dzina lake lenileni lisagwiritsidwe ntchito mโnkhaniyi, ali ndi vuto linanso: sitampu imene inalembedwa pa laisensi yake yoyendetsa galimoto imamusonyeza kuti ndi wolakwa. Mlandu wake? Kugonana ndi ndalama.
Apolisi a mumzinda wa New Orleans komanso ofesi ya loya wa boma akugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la boma loti anthu ogona ana kuti aziimba mlandu anthu ambirimbiri ochita zachiwerewere ngati Tabitha ngati ophwanya malamulo. Lamuloli, lomwe linayamba mu 1805, likunena kuti ndi mlandu wotsutsana ndi chilengedwe kuchita "kugonana mosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe" - mawu akuti apolisi ku New Orleans ndi ofesi ya loya wachigawo atanthauzira kuti amatanthauza kugonana kumatako kapena m'kamwa. Ochita zogonana opezeka ndi mlandu wophwanya lamuloli akuimbidwa milandu, kupereka chilango cha nthawi yayitali m'ndende ndikukakamizidwa kulembetsa ngati olakwa.
Mwa olakwira 861 omwe adalembetsedwa ku New Orleans, 483 adapezeka ndi mlandu wotsutsana ndi chilengedwe, malinga ndi a Doug Cain, wolankhulira ndi apolisi aku Louisiana State. Ndipo mwa amene anaimbidwa mlandu wophwanya chilengedwe, 78 peresenti ndi Akuda ndipo pafupifupi onse ndi akazi.
Zokhudza Moyo Wa Amayi
Lamuloli limakhudza anthu ochita zachiwerewere m'njira zazing'ono komanso zazikulu. Tabitha akuyenera kulembetsa adilesi mu nkhokwe ya ophwanya malamulo. Chiphaso chake choyendetsa galimoto chili ndi mawu oti โsex offenderโ pamenepo. Ayeneranso kugula ndi kutumiza mapositikhadi okhala ndi chithunzi chake kwa anthu onse oyandikana nawo omwe amawadziwitsa za kukhudzidwa kwake. Ngati angafunike kusamukira kumalo obisalako pakagwa mphepo yamkuntho, ayenera kusamukira kumalo apadera ogona ogonana, ndipo malo ogonawa alibe malo otetezeka a amayi. Amaletsedwanso kuchita zinthu wamba ku New Orleans monga kuvala zovala ku Mardi Gras.
"Lamuloli limasiyanitsa anthu amdera lathu ku zomwe zatsalira," atero a Deon Haywood, mkulu wa bungwe la Women With A Vision, lomwe limalimbikitsa thanzi komanso kupewa matenda kwa amayi omwe ali muumphawi. Gulu la Haywood lapanga mgwirizano watsopano wa omenyera ufulu wa New Orleans ndi ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo omwe akukonzekera kulimbana ndi momwe apolisi akugwiritsira ntchito molakwika lamulo la 1805.
Omenyera ufulu ngati Haywood amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo motere ndi gawo limodzi la mfundo zonse za dipatimenti ya apolisi ku New Orleans kuti azitsatira zolakwa zazing'ono. Malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku Metropolitan Crime Commission, apolisi aku New Orleans amamanga anthu oposa 58,000 chaka chilichonse. Mwa anthu amene anamangidwa, pafupifupi 50 peresenti amamangidwa chifukwa cha milandu yapamsewu yapamsewu ndi ya mโtauni, ndipo 5 peresenti yokha ndi amene amachitira ziwawa zachiwawa.
"Chomwe chikukhudzana ndi kutsekereza anthu osauka komanso amitundu yambiri," adatero Rosana Cruz wa VOTE-NOLA, bungwe lokonzanso ndende lomwe lilinso gawo la mgwirizano watsopano.
Haywood, Cruz ndi ena omenyera ufulu wachipembedzo akukhulupirira kuti ali ndi mwayi ndi chisankho cha mameya ndi makonsolo mwezi wamawa kuti asinthe dongosolo. Ndi onse ofuna kudzipatula ku Meya Nagin, yemwe amaletsedwa ndi malire kuti asayambenso, meya watsopanoyo atha kukhala wokonzeka kusintha. Izi zikuphatikiza kulemba ntchito mkulu wa apolisi watsopano, monga momwe anthu onse adalumbirira. Ma Advocate akukhulupirira kuti uwu ndi mwayi wosintha zomwe dipatimentiyo ikuyang'ana. โPakakhala mkulu wa apolisi watsopano, tingawaphunzitse,โ anatero Haywood.
Amayi ambiri omwe gulu la Haywood amagwira nawo ntchito ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha ntchito zogonana. Amakumana ndi makasitomala mumsewu ndi m'mabala. Ambiri akukumana ndi kumwerekera ndi kusowa pokhala, ndipo ambiri satha kupeza masitampu a chakudya kapena chithandizo china chapagulu chifukwa cha milandu yoyipa yomwe adalemba.
"Ndikukhulupirira kuti zinthu ziwoneka mosiyana chifukwa cha mgwirizanowu," adatero Haywood. "Sindingakuuzeni kuti tathedwa nzeru bwanji chifukwa cha zosowa za anthuwa."
Oweruzidwa
Abiti Jackie ndi m'modzi mwa akazi amenewo. Mayi wakuda wazaka za m'ma 50, adamangidwa chifukwa chochita zachiwerewere mu 1999 ndikuimbidwa mlandu wochita zachiwerewere. Dzina lake lidawonjezeredwa ku registry kwa zaka 10. Nthawi yolembetsa itatsala pang'ono kutha adamangidwa chifukwa chokhala ndi crack. Akuti womumangayo sanapeze mankhwala aliwonse pamunthu wake, koma woweruzayo adagamula kuti akuyenera kupitiliza kulembetsa ngati wolakwa kwa zaka 15 (zofunikira zatsopano za federal kwa olakwa) chifukwa kumangidwa kwake kunali kuphwanya malamulo. nthawi yake yolembetsa.
"Chilungamo chili kuti?" anafunsa akulankhula uku akugwetsa misozi: โKodi akuyembekezera kuti ndidzawongola bwanji moyo wanga? Polimbana ndi zofunikira monga nyumba, Abiti Jackie anawonjezera kuti: "Ndimamva kuti ndine wolakwa."
Oyimira milandu ndi omwe kale anali oimbidwa mlandu akuti chigamulo chokhudza yemwe akuimbidwa mlandu womwe chilango chake chimaperekedwa mosasamala, malinga ndi malingaliro a apolisi ndi ofesi ya loya wa boma, komanso kuti lamuloli limakhudza mosagwirizana ndi anthu akuda, komanso azimayi osintha umuna. Atafunsidwa za milandu yochitira nkhanza chifaniziro cha chilengedwe, mneneri wa Dipatimenti ya Apolisi ku New Orleans, Bob Young anayankha kuti: โAnthu amaimbidwa mlandu malinga ndi mlandu umene wapalamula.โ
Nkhani ya Wendi Cooper, komabe, ikupereka chithunzi chosiyana.
Mu 1999, Cooper anali atangotuluka kumene ngati transgender. Mkazi wakuda wa transwoman, adayesa uhule kangapo ndipo adazindikira mwachangu kuti sizinali zake. Koma asanaleke, anamangidwa. Panthawiyo, Cooper anali wokondwa kutenga pempho lomwe linamulola kuti atuluke m'ndende ndipo sanaganizire zambiri za zomwe "mlandu wotsutsana ndi chilengedwe" angatanthauze pa mbiri yake. Pamene adakula ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito yachipatala, kulemera kwa chizindikiro cha ophwanya malamulo kunayamba kumukhumudwitsa kwambiri. โAmeneyu si ine,โ iye anatero. "Sindine munthu amene boma lidanditcha ... limandineneza."
Cooper adapempha boma kuti lichotse mbiri yake ndikukambirana ndi maloya pazosankha zina, komabe akuyenera kulembetsa kwa zaka zina zisanu kapena kupitilira apo. "Ndimaona ngati ndinagwiriridwa, mukudziwa, kuvomera mlanduwuโฆNdipo ndizovuta, kudziwa kuti umatchedwa china chake chomwe suli," adatero. Akuwopanso tsopano kuti chigamulocho chingamulepheretse kupeza laisensi yake monga namwino wovomerezeka kapena kulembedwa ntchito.
Ngakhale kuti amayi ena ayesa kulimbana ndi milandu ya olakwa pamilandu kukhoti, sizinaphule kanthu. Zilango zomwe amakumana nazo zidakhala zokulirapo mu 2006 pomwe Congress idapereka chigamulo cha Adam Walsh, chofuna kuti olakwira 1 (ochepera kwambiri) azikhala m'kaundula wa anthu kwa zaka 15. Palinso chiopsezo chowonjezereka pakuthana ndi milanduyi, malinga ndi a Josh Perry, loya wakale waofesi ya Orleans Public Defenders.
"Momwe lamulo lachizoloลตezi la Louisiana limagwirira ntchito, ngati mungatsutse chigamulo chanu kukhothi ndikuluza, ndipo ndi mlandu wachitatu, zomwe zimafunikira ndi zaka 20. Pazipita ndi moyo,โ iye anafotokoza.
Perry akuti pafupifupi tsiku lililonse anthu awiri kapena atatu amamangidwa chifukwa cha uhule ku New Orleans, ndipo pafupifupi theka la iwo akuimbidwa mlandu wophwanya malamulo achilengedwe. "Pakadali pano, pali anthu 39 omwe ali kundende ya Orleans Parish [chifukwa] zolakwira zachilengedwe," Perry adauza gulu la oyimira mlandu. Ndipo anthu ena 15 mpaka 20 ...
Ochita zogonana omwe akuimbidwa kuti ndi ophwanya malamulo amakumana ndi tsankho m'mbali zonse zadongosolo. Nthawi zambiri, sangathe kumasulidwa pa bondi, chifukwa amawoneka ngati chiopsezo chachikulu chothawa kuposa anthu omwe akuimbidwa milandu yachiwawa. "Uwu ndiye mulingo wakusalidwa komanso kusagwira ntchito komwe tikunena pano," adatero Perry. "Zowonadi, sakutuluka."
Kukonzekera Kusintha
Oyimira milandu ati yankho labwino lingakhale kupangitsa opanga malamulo a boma kuti asinthe malamulowo, koma akuwona kuti palibe chiyembekezo chosintha kuchokera ku nyumba yamalamulo yomwe ilipo. Pakadali pano, okonza bungwe akufuna kukakamiza apolisi ndi ofesi ya loya wa boma kuti asiye kulipira anthu ochita zachiwerewere mophwanya malamulo achilengedwe.
Pali ntchito yaikulu yofunika kuchitidwa. Haywood akugwira ntchito ndi maloya ndi ogwirizana ndi mayiko kuti akhazikitse njira zamalamulo, komanso mgwirizano wamderali womwe ukuphatikiza mabungwe osintha milandu yamilandu ngati VOTE-NOLA ndi magulu omenyera ufulu monga mitu ya New Orleans ya Critical Resistance ndi INCITE! Azimayi Amitundu Yotsutsa Chiwawa.
"Tikuyesera kulinganiza, koma tikugwiranso ntchito ku mbali ya ufulu wa anthu momwe ikukhudzira miyoyo yawo," adatero. "Awa ndi anthu omwe amagwira ntchito zovuta nthawi zonse."
Jennifer, mzungu wazaka 23 amene anafunsa kuti dzina lake lenileni lisagwiritsidwe ntchito mโnkhaniyi, wakhala akugwira ntchito ya uhule kuyambira ali wachinyamata, ndipo amagwiranso ntchito yovula zovala mโkalabu mumsewu wa Bourbon. Posachedwapa anasiya kumwa heroin kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Pokhapokha ngati lamulo litasintha, adzakhala ndi mawu oti โwolakwira zogonanaโ pa laisensi yake yoyendetsa galimoto mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 48.
Haywood adati nkhani ngati izi zikusonyeza kuti lamuloli lili ndi zotsatira zokakamiza amayi kuti apitirize ntchito yogonana. "Mukamaimba mlandu atsikana ndi izi - mukamawatchula kuti ndi olakwa - izi ndi zomwe amakhala kwa moyo wawo wonse," adatero.
Jennifer adanena kuti zakhudza ntchito zake. "Sindikudziwa zomwe amaganiza, koma malo ambiri salemba ganyu anthu ochita zachiwerewere," adatero.
Haywood adati amayi omwe amawawona ali ndi zosankha zochepa. Ambiri a iwo alibe pokhala. Akugona mโnyumba zosiyidwa kapena mumsewu, kapena akugulitsana zachiwerewere kuti apeze malo okhala. "Amayi omwe timagwira nawo ntchito, samachitcha kuti ntchito yogonana," adatero. โIwo sakudziwa tanthauzo lake. Iwo samachitcha nkomwe icho uhule. Amachitcha kupulumuka. "
Jordan Flaherty ndi mtolankhani, mkonzi wa Left Turn Magazine, komanso wogwira ntchito ku Louisiana Justice Institute. Iye anali wolemba woyamba kubweretsa nkhani ya Jena Six kwa omvera padziko lonse lapansi ndipo omvera padziko lonse lapansi awona malipoti apawailesi yakanema omwe adapangira Al-Jazeera, TeleSur, GritTV, ndi Democracy Now. Malipoti ake a Katrina a ColourLines adagawana nawo mphotho kuchokera ku New America Media chifukwa cha lipoti labwino kwambiri lokhudzana ndi Katrina m'manyuzipepala amitundu. Haymarket Press itulutsa buku lake latsopano, FLOODLINES: Nkhani za Community and Resistance from Katrina to the Jena Six, mu 2010. Angapezeke pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa].
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