Kunyanyala kwa Israel ndi mayiko a Palestinian Authority pamapeto pake kudawoneka pamaso pa Hamas kulanda Gaza posachedwa. Kapena akutsutsa Gideon Levy, amodzi mwa mawu abwino omwe akupezekabe mu Israeli. "Kufa ndi njala, kuumitsa komanso kutsekereza thandizo sikumawononga chidziwitso komanso sikufooketsa magulu andale. M'malo mwake ... Reality yatsutsa gulu la akatswiri ndi ndemanga zomwe adalalikira [m'malo] a lamulo lonyanyala. Lingaliro lopanda nzeruli lakuti nโzotheka kugwetsa boma losankhidwa mwa kukakamiza anthu osowa thandizo linalephereratu.โ
Koma kodi Levy walakwitsa? Nkhope za andale aku Israeli ndi aku America, kuphatikiza Ehud Olmert ndi George Bush, zikuwoneka zopanda mwaye. M'malo mwake. Kwa masabata awiri apitawa akhala akuyang'ana ndikumveka monyanyira kuposa masiku onse.
Vuto pakuwunika kwa Levy ndikuti akuganiza kuti Israeli ndi US adafuna kuti zilango zibweretse kugwa kwa Hamas, mwina popatsa Fatah mphamvu kuti igonjetse boma la Palestina, kapena kulimbikitsa anthu wamba aku Palestine. adadzuka ndikulamula kuti chigamulo chawo choyambirira chisinthe ndipo Fatah ayimitsidwenso. Mwachidule, Levy, monga owonera ambiri, akuganiza kuti ndondomekoyi idapangidwa kuti ilimbikitse kusintha kwa boma.
Koma bwanji ngati chimenecho sichinali cholinga cha zilangozo? Ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi zolinga ziti zomwe Israeli ndi US anali kutsata?
Kufanana pakati pa Iraq ndi Gaza kungakhale kophunzitsa. Kupatula apo, Iraq ndiye kuyesa kwina kwaposachedwa kwa West pakukhazikitsa zilango kuti dziko life ndi njala. Ndipo tonse tikudziwa komwe zidatsogolera: kulowa muulamuliro wa Saddam Hussein.
Zowona, zomwe zikuchitika ku Iraq ndi Gaza ndizosiyana: anthu aku Iraq ambiri amafuna kuti Saddam atuluke koma analibe njira yosinthira, pomwe ambiri aku Gazans amafuna kuti Hamas ilowe ndikupangitsa kuti izi zichitike powavotera pazisankho za chaka chatha. Komabe, zitha kukhala kuti US ndi Israel adatenga phunziro losiyana ndi zomwe zidachitika ku Iraq.
Kaya adafuna kapena ayi, zilango zidakhala chida chothandiza kwambiri chowonongera mgwirizano wamkati womwe unagwirizanitsa anthu aku Iraq. Kusauka ndi njala ndi zolimbikitsa zamphamvu kutembenukira mnzako komanso mdani wako. Anthu amene chuma - chakudya, mankhwala, madzi ndi magetsi - zikusoweka ndi anthu amene aliyense amadziona yekha. Ndi gulu limene, mwa kusonkhezeredwa pang'ono, lingathe kudzigawanitsa mosavuta.
Ndipo izi ndizo zomwe Achimerika adayamba kupanga pambuyo pa "kugwedezeka ndi mantha" kuukira kwa 2003. Mosiyana ndi zomwe zachitika kale ku US kunja, Saddam sanagwedezeke ndikulowetsedwa ndi munthu wina wamphamvu - winanso wokonda Kumadzulo. M'malo mosintha maulamuliro, boma lidatigwetsa. Kapena monga a Daniel Pipes, m'modzi mwa oganiza bwino za kuukira kwa Iraq, cholinga chake chinali "chongowononga nkhanza, osathandizira m'malo mwake ... Kukonza Iraq siudindo wa mgwirizano kapena cholemetsa."
M'malo mwa Saddam, aku America adapanga malo otetezeka omwe amadziwika kuti Green Zone komwe boma lawo limatha kuwongolera dzikolo ndikuwongolera kubedwa kwamafuta aku Iraq, komanso kukhala pansi ndikuwonera nkhondo yapachiweniweni pakati pa anthu a Sunni ndi Shia. kusowa mphamvu ndikuwononga anthu aku Iraq.
Kodi Washington akuyembekeza kukwaniritsa chiyani? Pipes akupereka chidziลตitso: โZigawenga za Chisunni zikamalimbana ndi Asilamu, anthu osakhala Asilamu [ndiko kuti, magulu ankhondo a US ndi ogwirizana nawo] savulazidwa. Nkhondo yapachiลตeniลตeni ku Iraq, mwachidule, ingakhale tsoka lothandiza anthu koma osati njira yabwino. " Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuyambitsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Iraq kunali kwabwino kwambiri kulola ma Iraqi kuti agwirizane ndikutsutsa ntchito yaku US. Kupatula apo, kufa kwa Iraqi - osachepera 650,000 aiwo, malinga ndi kuwerengera komaliza - ndizabwino ngati zopanda pake, pomwe miyoyo ya asitikali aku US imawononga mavoti kunyumba.
Kwa neocon cabal kumbuyo kwa kuwukira kwa Iraq, nkhondo yapachiweniweni idawoneka kuti ili ndi zotulukapo ziwiri zopindulitsa.
Choyamba, zidasokoneza mgwirizano wa ma Iraqi wamba, kuwononga mphamvu zawo ndikupangitsa kuti asakhale ndi mwayi wolowa nawo kapena kuthandizira kukana ntchitoyo. Zigawengazo zakhala zokwiyitsa kwambiri kwa asitikali aku US koma osati kupha komwe kukanakhala kuti Sunni ndi Shia kumenyana mbali imodzi. Zotsatira zake, kuba kwa chuma cha Iraq kwakhala kosavuta.
Ndipo chachiwiri, mโkupita kwa nthaลตi, nkhondo yapachiลตeniลตeni ikuchititsa kuti mโkupita kwa nthawi kugaลตanitsana ndi kuyeretsa mafuko kusakhale kolephereka. Mamiliyoni anayi aku Iraq akuti akakamizidwa kuchoka mdzikolo kapena kuthawa kwawo. Iraq ikugawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono amitundu ndi zipembedzo zomwe sizikhala zosavuta kuziwongolera ndikuwongolera.
Kodi ichi ndi chitsanzo cha Gaza pano komanso West Bank pambuyo pake?
Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti Israeli kapena US sanakakamize kuti zilango zithetsedwe pa Ulamuliro wa Palestine pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma la mgwirizano wa dziko la Hamas ndi Fatah kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino. M'malo mwake, US ndi Israel sakanakhoza kubisa mantha awo pachitukuko. Pomwe mgwirizano wa Mecca udasainidwa, malipoti onena za zoyesayesa za US pophunzitsa ndikupereka zida zankhondo za Fatah zokhulupirika kwa Purezidenti Mahmoud Abbas zidakhala nkhani yayikulu m'nyuzipepala.
Kuwonjezeka kwa thandizo la US ku Fatah, komanso kupitirizabe kumangidwa kwa Israeli kwa aphungu a Hamas ku West Bank, kunali kusokoneza ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa Hamas ndi Fatah kuti uwonongeke. Hamas itamva kuti wamkulu wa chitetezo cha Abbas, a Mohammed Dahlan, molimbikitsidwa ndi US, akukonzekera kuwaukira ku Gaza, adawombera koyamba.
Kodi Fatah adakhulupiriradi kuti atha kulanda boma ku Gaza, chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mphamvu zake kumeneko, kapena mphekeserazo zinali zocheperapo kuposa kuzungulira kwa America ndi Israeli, zomwe zidapangidwa kuti ziwononge chikhulupiriro cha Hamas ku Fatah ndikuwononga boma la mgwirizano? Kodi Abbas ndi Dahlan anali kuyembekezera kugonjetsa Hamas, kapena anali zitsiru zothandiza zomwe US โโndi Israel zikufunikira? Awa ndi mafunso omwe angafunikire kuyankhidwa ndi olemba mbiri.
Koma ndi zala za Elliott Abrams, m'modzi mwazinthu zolimba kwambiri muulamuliro wa Bush, zomwe zingapezeke pagawo lonseli, titha kunena kuti zomwe Washington ndi Israeli akufunira ma Palestine zidzakhala ndi zofananira zamphamvu zomwe zachitika ku Iraq. .
Mwa kukonza chiwonongeko cha boma la mgwirizano, Israeli ndi US zatsimikizira kuti palibe chiopsezo cha mgwirizano watsopano wa Palestine, womwe ukanapangitsa Israeli kukhala ndi zokambirana zamtendere. Boma la mgwirizano litha kupeza njira yoperekera Israeli:
* Kuzindikirika pang'ono mkati mwa malire a 1967 chisanafike pobwezera kuzindikira dziko la Palestine ndi chigawo cha West Bank ndi Gaza;
* kuyimitsa moto kwa nthawi yayitali pobwezera Israeli kuthetsa kampeni yake yachiwawa komanso kuphwanya ulamuliro wa Palestina;
* ndi kudzipereka kulemekeza mapangano akale pobwezera Israeli kutsatira zigamulo za UN ndikuvomera yankho loyenera kwa othawa kwawo aku Palestina.
Pambuyo pazaka makumi ambiri achikhulupiriro choyipa cha Israeli, komanso kusagwirizana komwe kukukulirakulira pakati pa Fatah ndi Hamas, mwayi woti apeze zomwe angachite kuti apereke izi, uyenera kuvomerezedwa, ukanakhala wochepa. Koma tsopano kulibe.
Izi ndi momwe Israeli akufunira, chifukwa alibe chidwi ndi zokambirana zamtendere ndi anthu a Palestine kapena mgwirizano womaliza. Amangofuna kuyika mayankho omwe akugwirizana ndi zofuna za Israeli, zomwe zikupeza malo ochuluka a dziko lachiyuda lokhalokha ndikusiya Apalestina ali ofooka komanso ogawanika kotero kuti sangathe kulimbana ndi Israeli.
M'malo mwake, ulamuliro wodekha wa Hamas pa ndende yotchedwa Gaza ndi Fatah ulamuliro wankhanza wa ghettoes wotchedwa West Bank umapereka chitsanzo chokhutiritsa kwa Israeli ndi US - komanso chosiyana ndi Iraq. Mtundu wa sheriff wogawikana ndikulamulira ku Wild West.
Monga ku Iraq, Israel ndi US awonetsetsa kuti palibe munthu wamphamvu waku Palestine yemwe angalowe m'malo mwa Yasser Arafat. Monga ku Iraq, akulimbikitsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni ngati njira ina yokana kulandidwa, popeza chuma cha Palestine - malo, osati mafuta - amabedwa. Monga ku Iraq, akupangitsa kugawanika kosatha komanso kosasinthika, pamenepa pakati pa West Bank ndi Gaza, kuti apange malo otetezedwa mosavuta. Ndipo monga ku Iraq, zomwe zingachitike ndizovuta kwambiri kuchokera ku Palestine zomwe zingasokoneze cholinga chawo pamaso pa mayiko.
Kodi izi zidzawatsogolera kuti apalestina?
Israeli ikukoka kale zingwe za Fatah ndi luso latsopano kuyambira kuchititsidwa manyazi kwa womaliza ku Gaza. Abbas pakali pano akuyang'ana ku Israeli munificence chifukwa cha ulamuliro wake wankhanza wa West Bank, kuphatikizapo chisankho chomasula ndalama zambiri za msonkho za $ 700 miliyoni zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa Palestina (kuphatikizapo a Gaza, ndithudi) ndipo analetsedwa kwa zaka zambiri ndi Israeli. Mtengo, malinga ndi atolankhani aku Israeli, unali kudzipereka kwa Abbas kuti asaganizire zolowanso mu boma la mgwirizano ndi Hamas.
Cholinga chidzakhala kuonjezera mavuto pakati pa Hamas ndi Fatah kuti awonongeke ku West Bank, koma onetsetsani kuti Fatah ipambana mkangano kumeneko. Fatah ndi yamphamvu kale pankhondo komanso mowolowa manja kuchokera ku Israeli ndi US - kuphatikiza zida ndi maphunziro, ndipo mwina kubwerera kwa Badr Brigade yomwe ili ku Yordani - iyenera kuthana ndi Hamas. Kusiyana pakati pa Gaza ndi West Bank komwe kwakhala kukukhumbidwa ndi Israeli kudzakhala kokwanira.
Anthu aku Palestine adajambulidwa kale m'magawo ambiri. Pali ma Palestine omwe akukhala, omwe amakhala ngati nzika zachiwiri za Israeli, omwe amaloledwa kukhalabe "okhala" ku Yerusalemu, ndi omwe adabalalitsidwa kupita kumisasa kudutsa Middle East. Ngakhale mkati mwa maguluwa, pali zidziwitso zambiri: othawa kwawo ndi osakhala othawa kwawo; othawa kwawo akuphatikizidwa ngati nzika m'mayiko omwe akukhalamo ndi omwe sali nawo; anthu aku Palestine okhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa Palestine Authority ndi omwe ali pansi pa boma lankhondo la Israeli; ndi zina zotero.
Tsopano, Israeli yakhazikika mwina gawo lofunikira kwambiri kuposa onse: kulekanitsidwa kotheratu komanso kosasinthika kwa Gaza ndi West Bank. Zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwa wina sizidzakhalanso zoona kwa wina. Uliwonse udzakhala wosiyana; tsogolo lawo silidzamangidwanso. Mmodzi adzakhala, monga Israeli amakonda kuyitcha, Hamastan, ndi Fatahland ina, ndi maboma osiyana ndi chithandizo chosiyana ndi Israeli ndi mayiko.
Zifukwa zomwe Israyeli amakondera dongosololi nzambiri.
Choyamba, Gaza tsopano ikhoza kulembedwa ndi anthu apadziko lonse lapansi ngati basket basket. Atolankhani aku Israeli pakali pano ali ndi ndemanga zolimbikitsa kuchokera ku mabungwe andale ndi achitetezo okhudza momwe angathandizire kupeลตa vuto la anthu ku Gaza, kuphatikiza kuthekera kwa madontho a ndege pa "mpanda wachitetezo" wa Gaza - ngati kuti Gaza anali Pakistan pambuyo pa chivomezi. . Kuchokera pazomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu, komanso zowopsa zomwe zikuchitika kuchokera kwa Nduna Yachitetezo yatsopano ya Israeli, Ehud Barak, mapaketi azakudyawo adzasanduka mabomba mwachangu ngati Gaza sakhala chete.
Monga akuluakulu a Israeli ndi US akhala akunena, pali "kumveka" kwatsopano pazochitikazo. Ku Hamastan, asilikali a Gaza ndi anthu wamba akhoza kuyang'aniridwa ndi Israeli popanda tsankho laling'ono komanso kulira kwa mayiko. Israeli ikuyembekeza kuti uthenga wochokera ku Gaza sudzatayika ku West Bank Palestine pamene akusankha omwe angawathandize, Fatah kapena Hamas.
Chachiwiri, pamsonkhano wawo sabata yatha Olmert ndi Bush adatsitsimutsanso nkhani za dziko la Palestina. Malinga ndi Olmert, Bush "akufuna kuzindikira, pamene ali paudindo, loto lopanga dziko la Palestina". Onsewa ali ofunitsitsa kupita patsogolo mwachangu, chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha kusokonekera popanga. Zachidziwikire, akudziwa kuti tsopano sakukakamizidwa kuti apange dziko limodzi lokha la Palestine ku West Bank ndi Gaza pomwe adalonjezedwa ndi Purezidenti Bush. Abbas wokhazikika sadzapempha kuti Gaza alowe mu ghetto-fiefdom yake.
Chachitatu, kulekanitsidwa kwa Gaza kuchokera ku West Bank kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kulowetsa moyo watsopano mu ndondomeko ya kusintha kwa sitolo ya Olmert - ngati angakhoze kuvala zovala zatsopano. Convergence, yomwe idafunikira kuti achokeko pang'ono kumadera aku West Bank okhala ndi anthu ambiri aku Palestine pomwe Israeli idalanda madera ake ambiri osaloledwa ndikusunga chigwa cha Yordano, idatsitsidwa mwalamulo chilimwe chatha pambuyo pochititsidwa manyazi ndi Israeli ndi Hizbullah.
Chifukwa chiyani mukufuna kutsitsimutsa kulumikizana? Chifukwa ndi kiyi kuti Israeli ateteze kufalikira kwa linga lachiyuda lomwe ndi chitetezo chake chokhacho chotsimikizika kuchokera kukukula kwachangu kwa anthu aku Palestine, posachedwapa kuchulukirachulukira Ayuda m'Dziko Lopatulika, ndi mantha a Israeli kuti ndiye angayerekezedwe ndi tsankho ku South Africa. .
Ngati ntchitoyo ikupitilirabe, chitetezo cha Israeli chakhala chikuchenjeza kwa nthawi yayitali, a Palestine pamapeto pake adzadzuka ndi yankho lokhalo lothandizira: kuthetsa Ulamuliro wa Palestine, kunyenga kwanzeru kwa Israeli kuti utsogoleri wa Palestina ukhale ndi udindo wopondereza kukana kwa Palestina ku ntchitoyo, potero. kukakamiza Israeli kuti atenge ndalama zogwirira ntchitoyo osati ku Europe. Gawo lotsatira lidzakhala kulimbana ndi tsankho kwa dziko limodzi mu mbiri yakale ya Palestine.
Pazifukwa izi, kulekana kwa anthu aku Palestine kwakhala lingaliro lazochita zazikulu zonse za Israeli kuyambira - kuphatikiza - Oslo. Kulumikizana sikufuna kutayika kwa ulamuliro wa Israeli pa miyoyo ya anthu aku Palestine, kutsimikiziridwa kupyolera mumagulu onse omalizidwa a makoma, malo okhala, misewu yodutsa ndi malo ofufuza, kukonzanso ntchito yawo monga boma.
Chotsutsa chachikulu mu Israeli ku dongosolo la Olmert - komanso kusagwirizana kwa Gaza - chinali chodetsa nkhawa kuti, asilikali atangochoka ku ghettoes aku Palestina, a Palestine adzakhala omasuka kuyambitsa zigawenga, kuphatikizapo kutumiza maroketi kuchokera m'madera awo. ndende mu Israeli. Inde, Aisrayeli ambiri, saganizira konse gawo la ntchito poyambitsa ziwawa zoterezi.
Koma Olmert angakhulupirire kuti wapeza njira yoletsera otsutsa ake apakhomo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba akuwoneka kuti akufunitsitsa kuti anansi ake achiarabu alowe nawo pakukhazikitsa "boma" la Palestina. Pamene amapita kumsonkhano wa Sharm el-Sheikh ndi Egypt, Jordan ndi Abbas sabata ino, Olmert adati akufuna "kugwira ntchito limodzi kuti apange nsanja yomwe ingayambitse chiyambi chatsopano pakati pathu ndi Palestina".
Kodi ankatanthauza mgwirizano? Gwero mu Ofesi ya Prime Minister adafotokozera ku Jerusalem Post chifukwa chomwe mayiko atatu ndi Abbas adakumana. "Awa ndi maphwando anayi omwe akhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi zomwe zikuchitika pakali pano, ndipo chomwe chikufunika ndi mgwirizano wosiyana pakati pawo." Mneneri wina adandaula za kulephera mpaka pano kuti a Saudis akwere.
Izi zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa nyanja mumalingaliro a Israeli. Mpaka pano, Tel Aviv akuwona kuti anthu aku Palestine ndi vuto lapakhomo - pambuyo pake, akukhala pamtunda womwe moyenerera, ngati Baibulo liyenera kukhulupirira, ndi la Ayuda. Kuyesera kuyika nkhondoyi padziko lonse lapansi kotero kwakanidwa mwamphamvu.
Koma tsopano Ofesi ya Nduna Yaikulu ya Israeli ikulankhula poyera kuti dziko la Aarabu lilowe nawo mwachindunji, osati pa ntchito yake yanthawi zonse monga mkhalapakati ndi Palestina, ngakhalenso kuteteza malire oletsa kuzembetsa, komanso apolisi m'madera. Israeli ikuyembekeza kuti Aigupto, makamaka, akukhudzidwa ndi Tel Aviv ndi kutuluka kwa Hamastan m'malire ake, ndipo akhoza kukopeka kuti agwiritse ntchito ndondomeko zopondereza zomwezo motsutsana ndi Asilamu a Gaza monga momwe amachitira motsutsana ndi ake.
Momwemonso, mdani wamkulu wa ndale wa Olmert, Binyamin Netanyahu wa ku Likud, sanatchulepo kulowererapo kwa Aigupto ku Gaza komanso kupezeka kwa asitikali aku Jordan ku West Bank. Maboma "odziyimira pawokha" achiarabu, monga Washington amakonda kuwatcha, akuwoneka ngati chinsinsi chokhazikitsa malingaliro atsopano okhudza "kudziyimira pawokha" kwa Palestina ndi "chitaganya" chachigawo. Malingana ngati Israeli ali ndi vuto ku West Bank komanso boma lopitirira malire ku Gaza, likhoza kukhulupirira kuti lingathe kusokoneza dziko la Aarabu kuti lithandizire "ndondomeko yamtendere" yotereyi.
Zidzatanthauza chiyani pochita? Mwinamwake, monga momwe Zvi Barel wa ku Haaretz akuganizira, tidzawona kuonekera kwa theka la maboma a Palestina omwe amayang'anira ghettoes a Gaza, Ramallah, Jenin, Yeriko, ndi Hebroni. Aliyense akhoza kulimbikitsidwa kuti apikisane ndi chithandizo ndi thandizo kuchokera ku maulamuliro "ochepa" achiarabu koma pokhapokha Israeli ndi US akhutitsidwa ndi machitidwe a maboma a Palestina.
Mwanjira ina, Israeli ikuwoneka ngati ikuphwanyanso dongosolo lina la momwe angayendetsere ma Palestine ndi kutengeka kwawo kokwiyitsa ndi ulamuliro. Nthawi yomaliza, pansi pa Oslo, ma Palestine adayikidwa kuti aziyang'anira apolisi m'malo mwa Israeli. Panthawiyi, pamene a Palestine asindikizidwa m'ndende zawo zosiyana akudziwonetsera ngati dziko, Israeli akhoza kukhulupirira kuti angapeze woyang'anira ndende watsopano wa Palestina - dziko la Aarabu.
Jonathan Cook, mtolankhani wochokera ku Nazareti, Israel, ndi mlembi wa "Blood and Religion: The Unmasking of the Jewish and Democratic State" (Pluto Press, 2006). Webusaiti yake ndi www.jkcook.net
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