Gwero: Diso la Middle East
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi PMGphotog/Shutterstock
Atsogoleri apadziko lonse lapansi adasonkhana ku Glasgow sabata yatha kuti achite nawo Msonkhano wa COP26 pofuna kuwonetsa momwe akukhalira mochedwa kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo. Mapangano oteteza nkhalango, kudula mpweya wa carbon ndi methane komanso kulimbikitsa ukadaulo wobiriwira zonse zikuphwanyidwa pamaso pa dziko.
Akuluakulu a ndale akumadzulo, makamaka, akufuna kuti atuluke pamsonkhanowo ndi zizindikiro zawo zobiriwira zomwe zatenthedwa, kutsimikizira kuti achita zonse zomwe angathe kuti ateteze kutentha kwapadziko lonse kwamtsogolo kuposa 1.5C. Iwo akuopa chigamulo cha osankhidwa osakondwa ngati abwerera chimanjamanja.
Asitikali ankhondo aku Western ndi omwe akuipitsa kwambiri dziko lapansi - ndipo cholinga cha COP26 ndikusunga mfundoyi kukhala chinsinsi chotetezedwa.
Asayansi a zanyengo akukayikira kale ngati malonjezowo kupangidwa kupita kutali mokwanira, kapena akhoza kukhazikitsidwa mofulumira mokwanira, kuti apange kusiyana. Iwo achenjeza kuti pofika kumapeto kwa zaka khumizi payenera kuchitidwapo kanthu pofuna kupewa ngozi.
Koma zochitika zowonekera pamsonkhanowu zimabisa zenizeni zenizeni. Mayiko omwewo omwe akulengeza utsogoleri wamakhalidwe abwino pothana ndi vuto la nyengo ndiwonso akuyesetsa kwambiri kusokoneza mgwirizano wofunikira kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa anthu padziko lonse lapansi.
A chithunzi kuyambira potsegulira ya COP26 idawonetsa Prime Minister waku Britain a Boris Johnson, yemwe adakhala nawo pamsonkhanowo, akupereka moni mwachikondi Purezidenti wa US a Joe Biden ndi Prime Minister wa Israeli Naftali Bennett. Koma m'malo mowakonda, tiyenera kuchitira izi triumvirate ngati anthu oyipa pazokambirana zanyengo.
Asitikali awo ankhondo ndi omwe akuipitsa kwambiri dziko lapansi - ndipo cholinga cha COP26 ndikusunga mfundoyi kukhala chinsinsi chotetezedwa.
Zobisika kuti ziwoneke
Ndalama za US pazankhondo zake zakutali ya dziko lina lililonse - kupatula Israeli, ikayesedwa poyerekezera ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Ngakhale kuti UK ili m'mbuyo, idakali nayo bajeti yayikulu yachisanu yankhondo padziko lonse lapansi, pamene opanga zida zake ali kalikiliki kupereka zida kumaiko ena akuwapewa.
Asitikali aku US okha akuyerekezedwa kuti ali ndi okulirapo mpweya wa carbon kuposa mayiko ambiri. Ambiri amalingaliridwa kuti ndilo bungwe lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wogula mafuta osapsa.
Ndipo utsi wochokera kwa asitikali akumadzulo ndi opanga zida akuwoneka kuti ali kukula chaka chilichonse m'malo mocheperachepera - ngakhale palibe amene angatsimikizire chifukwa akubisidwa mwachangu.
Washington anaumirira pa chikhululukiro kuchokera pakupereka malipoti, ndi kuchepetsa, kutulutsa kwake kwankhondo pa msonkhano wa Kyoto, zaka 24 zapitazo. Mosadabwitsa, wina aliyense adalumphira pagululi.
Chiyambireni msonkhano wa ku Paris wa 2015, zotulutsa zankhondo zanenedwa pang'ono. Koma nthawi zambiri ziwerengerozo zimabisika - zimaphatikizidwa ndi mpweya wochokera kumadera ena, monga zoyendera.
Ndipo mpweya wochokera ku ntchito zakunja - ku US, 70 peresenti ya ntchito zake zankhondo - sizikuphatikizidwa mu balance sheet kwathunthu.
Mikangano ndi nkhondo
Ambiri a ku Ulaya anakana kuyera, nawonso. Dziko la France, lomwe lili ndi gulu lankhondo lokangalika kwambiri m'kontinentili, likunena kuti silimatulutsa mpweya uliwonse.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa a Scientists for Global Responsibility, zotulutsa zankhondo zaku UK zinali zazikulu kuwirikiza katatu kuposa zomwe zidanenedweratu - ngakhale zitatha unyolo woperekera, komanso zida ndi zida, zidachotsedwa. Asilikali anali ndi udindo ochuluka kwambiri za mpweya wa boma la Britain.
Kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa asitikali aku Norway m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi kudzakwera ndi 30 peresenti chifukwa cha kugula kwawo F-35 kokha.
Ndipo teknoloji yatsopano, m'malo motembenuza asilikali kukhala obiriwira, nthawi zambiri imapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zovuta kwambiri.
Ndege yaposachedwa kwambiri yopangidwa ndi US, F-35, akuti ikuyaka 5,600 malita amafuta pa ola limodzi. Zimatengera magalimoto 1,900 kuti awononge mafuta ochulukirapo panthawi yomweyo.
Dziko la Norway, monganso mayiko ena ambiri, lakhala likuima pamzere kuti lipezeke pa ndege ya m’badwo watsopanowu. Malinga ndi kunena kwa nyuzipepala ya ku Norwegian Dagsavisen, chiwonkhetso chimene asilikali a ku Norway atulutsa m’zaka khumi zikubwerazi chidzakwera ndi 30 peresenti chifukwa cha kugula F-35 kokha.
Kuphatikiza pakuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komwe kumachitika chifukwa chogula zida zankhondo ndi unyolo, mayiko akupatulanso zofunikira. zotsatira za mikangano ndi nkhondo.
Chaka chilichonse cha kulanda dziko la US ku Iraq komwe kunayamba mu 2003, mwachitsanzo, akuyerekezeredwa kuti amatulutsa mpweya wofanana ndi kuyika magalimoto owonjezera a 25m pamsewu.
Kuwononga ndalama zankhondo
Mosiyana ndi mafakitale aulimi ndi odula mitengo, kapena mafakitale opanga mafuta, kapena mafakitale opangira mafuta, zoyesayesa zochepetsera kukwera kwa ndalama zankhondo - osasiya kuzisintha - zili pagome pamsonkhano wa COP26.
Ndipo chifukwa cha izi, Washington iyenera kutenga gawo lalikulu la mlanduwo.
Bajeti yake ya "chitetezo" imakhalapo kale 40 peresenti ya $ 2tn amathera chaka chilichonse pa zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi. China ndi Russia - mwachiwonekere anthu awiri omwe adachita nawo msonkhano wa COP26 - atsalira kwambiri.
Boma la Boris Johnson adawululidwa chaka chatha zomwe adazitcha "pulogalamu yayikulu kwambiri yopangira ndalama ku Britain chitetezo kuyambira kumapeto kwa Cold War". Britain si yachilendo. Pambuyo pa "kugawanika kwamtendere" kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kudachitika chifukwa cha kutha kwa Soviet Union, ndalama zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo padziko lonse lapansi zakhala pamtengo wokwanira. pafupifupi mosalekeza m'mwamba kuyambira 1998, motsogozedwa ndi US.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, kusinthaku kudayamba nthawi yomwe andale akumadzulo adayamba kunena za "kusintha kwanyengo" pamsonkhano wa Kyoto.
Ndalama zankhondo zaku US zakhala zikukwera pang'onopang'ono kuyambira 2018. Iyenera kupitiliza kutero osachepera zaka makumi awiri - kudutsa nthawi yomaliza yokhazikitsidwa ndi asayansi yanyengo kuti asinthe zinthu.
Zomwezi zikukwera padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo ndi mayiko aku Middle East - makamaka Saudi Arabia ndi UAE - kuyambira 2013.
Choyamba, popeza idachotsa magulu ake olanda anthu ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan, US yawonjezera ntchito yake yankhondo kumayiko olemera omwe amakasitomala m'derali lolemera mafuta.
Ndipo chachiwiri, monga Israeli ndi mayiko a Gulf alimbikitsidwa kuti apange ubale wolimba wankhondo ndi wanzeru motsutsana ndi Iran, mayiko omwewa a Gulf aloledwa kutero. sewerani kumenya nkhondo ndi Israeli. "Mphepete mwankhondo" zake zodziwika bwino zikuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono.
Kulimbikitsa Middle East iyi zida zankhondo ndi UK, yomwe yakhala ikutumiza ku Saudis, ndi US, yomwe amathandizira kwambiri Makampani ankhondo a Israeli.
Mpikisano wa mphamvu
Zonsezi zikutanthauza kuti, ngakhale andale akumadzulo akulonjeza kuchepetsa mpweya ku COP26, ali otanganidwa kukonzekera kuonjezera mpweya umene umatulutsa kunja. Pamapeto pake, vuto ndilakuti zochepa zomwe tingathe kuchita kuti tidyetse magulu ankhondo athu, makamaka kapena kudzera mukusintha kwa greenwashing. Zolinga zankhondo siziyenera kukhala zokhazikika kapena kuchitira chifundo dziko lapansi.
Mabizinesi opanga zida ndikupereka makasitomala - kuchokera ku Pentagon kupita kwa wolamulira wankhanza aliyense - zida ndi makina omwe ndi akulu, abwinoko kapena othamanga kuposa omwe akupikisana nawo. Zonyamulira ndege ziyenera kukhala zazikulu. Ndege zankhondo zachangu komanso zothamanga kwambiri. Ndipo zoponya zowononga kwambiri.
Mabizinesi opanga zida ndikupereka makasitomala - kuchokera ku Pentagon kupita kwa wolamulira wankhanza aliyense - zida ndi makina akuluakulu, abwinoko kapena othamanga kuposa omwe akupikisana nawo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kupikisana kuli pamtima pa ntchito ya usilikali, kaya magulu ankhondo akumenyana kapena kugulitsa ntchito zawo monga "chitetezo" chokha.
"Chitetezo", chokhazikitsidwa ndi mantha a anansi ndi otsutsana nawo, sichingakhutitsidwe. Nthawi zonse pali thanki ina, ndege kapena anti-missile system yomwe ingagulidwe kuti ipange "kulepheretsa" kwakukulu, kuteteza malire mogwira mtima, kuopseza mdani.
Ndipo nkhondo imapereka zifukwa zokulirapo zowonongera chuma chochuluka padziko lapansi ndikuwononganso zachilengedwe. Miyoyo imatengedwa, nyumba zikuwonongedwa, madera amaipitsidwa.
UK ili ndi Mabwalo ankhondo 145 m'maiko 42, kupeza zomwe akuwona kuti ndi "zokonda zadziko". Koma izi ndizochepa kuposa Maziko ankhondo a 750 aku US adafalikira m'maiko 80. Kusakaza mphamvu yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi padziko lonse lapansi kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa kuteteza nkhalango kapena kuyika ndalama paukadaulo wobiriwira.
A US ndi ogwirizana nawo akumadzulo ayenera kuvomereza kaye kuti asiye mphamvu zawo pazamphamvu zapadziko lapansi, ndikusiya ntchito yapolisi padziko lonse lapansi pothandizira mabungwe awo akunja.
Ndi ndendende mpikisano wamphamvu uwu - zachuma, malingaliro ndi zankhondo - zomwe zidatipangitsa kuti tilowe muvuto lanyengo. Kuthana nazo kudzafunika kuyang'ana mozama pazomwe timayika patsogolo kuposa mtsogoleri aliyense ku COP26 akuwoneka wokonzeka kuchita.
Jonathan Cook ndi mlembi wa mabuku atatu okhudza nkhondo ya Israeli-Palestine, komanso wopambana wa Martha Gellhorn Special Prize for Journalism. Webusaiti yake ndi blog zitha kupezeka pa: www.jonathan-cook.net
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