[Zindikirani: Achcar akuyankha kulowa kwa Sept. 23 ndi Juan Cole pazake Ndemanga Yodziwitsa blog.]
Wokondedwa Juan,
Ndiloleni ndiyambe kalata yachiwiri yotsegulira kwa inu pokuthokozani, choyamba, polandira yanga yoyamba pabulogu yanu mwademokalase komanso mwansangala. Chifukwa chomwe ndikuchitiranso kachiwiri ku ndemanga zanu ndi ziwiri. Kumbali imodzi, ndithudi, ndichifukwa chakuti mukukambirananso za kuchotsedwa kwa asilikali a US, omwe, monga wodzipatulira wotsutsana ndi nkhondo, ndine womvera kwambiri. Kumbali ina, ngati ndikuwona kuti ndikufunika kuti ndikuyankheni makamaka, pomwe pali zolemba zina zambiri zomwe zimatumizidwa kapena kusindikizidwa tsiku lililonse ndi maimidwe pafupi ndi anu, ndichifukwa choti ndimatengera malingaliro anu mozama kuposa ambiri, monganso amachitira. ambiri mwa owerenga anu.
Ndawerenga lero yankho lanu ku chidutswa cha Michael Schwartz, chomwe ndidachiwonanso ngati yankho lachindunji pa zomwe ndidalemba kale. Kunena zoona, ndikudabwa kwambiri kuposa pamene ndinawerenga mfundo zanu khumi mwezi wapitawo. Chifukwa chodabwitsa changa chikukhudzana, ndithudi, ndi mikangano yomwe mumayika patsogolo. Koma zilinso chifukwa chakuti mudasankha madzulo a ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi nkhondo zomwe zimalonjeza kuti zidzakhala zazikulu kwambiri (potengera kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu aku US pa nkhani ya Iraq) kuti mufotokoze mfundo zomwe - mosafuna, ndikutsimikiza. - bwerezani zolankhula za Bush ku Pentagon dzulo (Sept. 22) kuyesera kuchotseratu gulu lodana ndi nkhondo.
Mukulozeranso nthawi ina pazomwe mudakumana nazo mderali - "Ndinkakhala ku Lebanon m'zaka zoyambirira zankhondo yapachiweniweni. … Ndaona mmene zinthuzi zimapitirizira kulamulirika, ndi maso anga” — m’njira imene ingamveke ngati “kukopa ulamuliro (wanu).” Ndiroleni ndikuyankheni, m'malo mwanga ngati mnzanga wobadwira ku Lebanon, ndidakumana ndi nkhondo m'dziko lomwe adachokera kuyambira pomwe idayamba mu 1975, kudzera pakulowererapo kwa Syria mpaka kuwukira kwa Israeli. Lebanoni ndi kuzingidwa kwa Beirut, ndi zotsatira zake mwamsanga. Ndiyamba ndi mikangano yanu yokhudza Iraq.
Munalemba kuti: “Iraq tsopano ilibe nkhondo yapachiweniweni wamba, momwe mungakhale ndi magulu ankhondo ankhondo 2,000 kapena 3,000 kutsutsana wina ndi mnzake ndikulimbirana madera. Ngati nkhondo yapachiweniweni yoteroyo itabuka, kumene asitikali aku US atha kuyimitsa. Ma AC-130 ochepa ndi ndege za helikopita zitha kumwaza magulu ankhondo oyenda pansi. "
M'malo mwake ndimadabwitsidwa ndi chidaliro chanu chopereka malingaliro pazankhondo. Koma ndiloleni ndiganize kuti ukadaulo wanu pankhani zankhondo umagwirizana ndi ukadaulo wanu m'mbiri ya Middle East ndi ndale. Ngakhale pamenepo, popeza mudavomereza, poyankha a Hitchens, "kusowa kwanu ku Iraq," muyenera kukhala osamala, ndikukhulupirira, popereka malingaliro omwe amafunikira, pang'ono, chidziwitso cha mtunda. Munthu aliyense yemwe adapita ku Iraq angakuuzeni kuti, pambali pa mapiri a Kurdish, dziko lino ndi lathyathyathya momwe lingathere, lopangidwa ndi mizinda ndi midzi yolekanitsidwa ndi chipululu chachikulu kapena malo achipululu. M'malo oterowo, simungakhale ndi "magulu ankhondo ankhondo" omwe akuyenda kuti alowe m'dera la adani pokhapokha atakhala ndi magalimoto oyenerera ankhondo, makamaka akasinja, ndikupindula ndi chitetezo chamlengalenga. Palibe gulu lankhondo lachiarabu la Sunni lomwe likuwoneka kuti lili ndi mphamvu izi: asitikali aku Kurdish okha ndi gulu lankhondo laku Iraq lanthawi zonse ali nazo pamlingo wina (magalimoto ambiri kuposa njira zamlengalenga, popeza US idakana mwadala kupatsa gulu lankhondo laku Iraq ndi zida zotere. kukhalabe "chofunikira").
Zomwe mukunena kuti "Ramadi ndi Samarra adakwera gulu lalikulu lankhondo lomwe limaguba ku Baghdad (ndi) kukumana ndi omenyera nkhondo achi Sunni Arab ku West Baghdad" sizikugwirizana ndi momwe Iraq ikuyendera. "Nkhondo yankhondo" yamtunduwu ndiyokayikitsa kwambiri ku Iraq yamasiku ano, chifukwa sizitengera "magulu ankhondo ankhondo a 2,000 kapena 3,000," koma magulu ankhondo okhazikika ngati akumtunda okhala ndi lamulo lapakati. Asilikali achiarabu a Sunni, omwe ali osagwirizana kwambiri, angaphwanyidwe ngati atayesa kulowa mu nkhondo yankhondo, akuyenera kumenyana ndi magulu awiri a Kurds ndi Shiites, akugwira gulu lankhondo "lokhazikika". Zomwe zikuchitika komanso zomwe zikuchitika kale ku Iraq pankhani ya "nkhondo yapachiweniweni" (kupatula kuwukira kwa asitikali ogwira ntchito) - mwina motsika kwambiri kapena mokulirakulira - ndi mitundu iwiri ya ziwawa: ziwawa zodzipha. -attack mtundu, kale pa kuthekera kwawo; ndi nkhondo za m’mizinda m’madera osiyanasiyana.
Asitikali ogwira ntchito awonetsa kuti alibe mphamvu poletsa mtundu woyamba ndipo wina angatsutse mosavuta kuti kupezeka kwawo kumapangitsa kuti ziwopsezo zodzipha zikhale zosavuta kukonza, monga Michael Schwartz adatsutsa motsimikizika. Ndipo ngati gulu lina lankhondo la Sunni likukonzekera "kupha atsogoleri a boma losankhidwa kapena Grand Ayatollah Sistani," monga momwe mumanenera, sikuti kukhalapo kwa asitikali aku US komwe kungalepheretse kuyesa, monga momwe anthu odzipha atsimikizira. okhoza kuvulaza kwambiri asilikali a US omwe ali m'misasa yawo yankhondo!
Ponena za mtundu wachiwiri, wakula kwambiri ndipo ukukulabe tsiku ndi tsiku pansi pa ntchito: Asitikali achi Arab Sunni akugwira madera ena ofunika kwambiri a Sunni, ndikuchita chigamulo kwa a Shiite ochepa. Asilikali achi Arab Shia ayambanso - ngakhale pang'ono chifukwa cha malingaliro okhwima a Sistani motsutsana ndi kubwezera kwa magulu ampatuko - kuchita milandu yolimbana ndi ma Sunni m'malo ambiri achi Shia. Njira zaku US zothana ndi nkhanza zamtundu wachiwiriwu m'madera a Sunni, kaya akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asilikali a US okha kapena pamodzi ndi asilikali a Iraq omwe amagwira ntchito ngati othandizira awo, amakhala pakati pa zitsanzo zomveka bwino za njira zotsutsana, monga momwe zochitika za Falluja ndi tsopano Tal Afar zikutsimikizira. Ntchito zonsezi zinatsatiridwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ziwawa za tsiku ndi tsiku ku Iraq.
Wina angatsutse momveka, monga momwe ambiri anenera kale, kuti zotsatira zonse za kuchoka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito sizingakhale zachiwawa, koma chiwawa chochepa ndi kulimbikitsa magulu otsutsana kuti athetse mgwirizano. Komabe, ndikukhulupirira kuti nkwabwino kuvomereza kuti palibe amene anganene zomwe zingachitike ntchitoyo ikatha. Ngati tivomereza kuti sitingathe kulosera zam'tsogolo, sitingathe kuchirikiza ntchito yopitilira pamaziko a lingaliro longopeka chabe, chifukwa zomwe tikudziwa ndikuti: 1) zochitika zoyipazi zitha kukhala zotsatira zobweretsedwa ndi ntchito yokha, ndipo imakhala yowonjezereka pamene ntchitoyo ikupitirira; 2) "Gawani ndikulamulira" ndiye njira yakale kwambiri yachifumu ya onse; ndi 3) maulamuliro amphamvu ali ndi mbiri yoyipa ya “kutonthoza” maiko ena.
Aliyense amene akudziwa mbiri ya imperialism, makamaka nzika za mayiko omwe akukhalamo omwe akuyenera kudziwa zomwe maboma awo akhala akuchita, ayenera kulamula kuti asitikali ankhondo achoke ku Iraq, ndipo osapereka umboni pazolinga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ziwonjezere nthawi. ntchito - mwanjira iliyonse. Ndemanga yomalizayi ikunena za zomwe mumanena kuti "US [kapena munthu wina, ndipo mwatsoka izi zikutanthauza kuti US] ili ndi udindo wosunga mabwalo amlengalenga angapo mderali pamodzi ndi magulu ankhondo a Special Ops kuti aletse tsoka la Himalaya. m'zaka zapakati ndi zapakati."
Ndiroleni ine tsopano ndibwere ku "maphunziro a mbiriyakale" gawo la mikangano yanu. Mukulemba kuti pamene zinkawoneka ngati "Phalangists atsala pang'ono kutayika" ku Lebanoni, mu 1976 "Syria inalowa ndikuyimitsa nkhondo zazikulu ndikupulumutsa Akhristu a Maronite. … Kukumbukira kwanu kuli kolakwika apa. Asilikali aku Syria atalowa ku Lebanon mu June 1976, ndi kuwala kobiriwira kwa US ndi Israeli, adapulumutsadi a Phalangists ndi ogwirizana nawo kuti asagonjetsedwe m'mapiri, koma izi zinali zodula. kuwonjezera nkhondo yolemetsa kwambiri pakati pa magulu ankhondo aku Syria ndi mgwirizano wa Palestina-Lebanon kupita kunkhondo yopitilira pakati pa magulu ankhondo a Phalangist ndi mgwirizanowu, popanda kuyimitsa omaliza.
M'malo mwachidule chanu chosavuta - "Aaramu adalowa ndikuyimitsa nkhondo zazikulu" - choonadi cha nkhaniyi ndi chakuti nkhondo ya Lebanoni idawona, kuyambira pamenepo, nkhondo zake zazikulu kwambiri - m'mapiri, Beqaa ndi Kumwera - ndi zina mwa kupha kwake koipitsitsa. Mwachitsanzo, msasa wa Palestine wa Tell Zaatar mu August 1976, omwe Phalangists adagonjetsa, chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa Syria (chitsanzo cha Sabra ndi Shatila, chomwe chinapangidwa ndi Israeli).
Asilikali a Syria adalowa m'matope ku Lebanon, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti sangathe kuletsa mgwirizano wa Palestine-Lebanon, zikanakhala kuti pakanapanda mgwirizano wandale pakati pa boma la Syria ndi Yasir Arafat mothandizidwa ndi Saudi mu October 1976. kulowa mu nthawi yayitali yachigwirizano ndi magulu ankhondo aku Syria akutumiza mwamtendere kumadera omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mgwirizano wa Palestine-Lebanon. Chofanana ndi Iraq chingakhale mgwirizano womwe uyenera kukwaniritsidwa pakati pa magulu ankhondo aku Iraq, kuvomereza kukhalapo kosatha kwa asitikali aku US m'dziko lawo (kupatula kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa malingaliro a Aarabu anzawo ku Lebanon ndi asitikali achilendo aku US ku Iraq. ). Kugwirizana koteroko nkokayikitsa kwambiri, kunena mofatsa!
Kenako mumawonjezera kuti: "Nkhondo yapachiweniweni itayamba ku Afghanistan m'ma 1980, idasiya anthu miliyoni miliyoni, kuthamangitsa anthu 5 miliyoni mdzikolo, ndikusiya mamiliyoni ena othawa kwawo. Iraq ndi yofanana kukula kwa anthu komanso m'mafuko ndi malingaliro ku Afghanistan. Nkhondo yapachiweniweni ingakhale yowononga mofanana ndi Iraq. " Pali vuto, apanso, ndi mbiri yanu ya zochitika: sinali "nkhondo yapachiweniweni" yomwe inali yowononga kwambiri ku Afghanistan m'ma 80, koma kulanda dziko la Soviet kuyesera "kukhazikitsa"! Uwu ndiye mkangano wovuta kwambiri. Poganizira za "nkhondo yapachiweniweni," ulamuliro wa Taliban, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zidapitilira asitikali aku Soviet atatuluka, kodi wina akadatsutsa, m'malingaliro anu, chifukwa chakupitilirabe kwa Soviet ku Afghanistan, monga momwe boma la Kabul limakonda? Kapena mwina mumafuna kuti alowe m'malo ndi asitikali aku US kale kale? Zoonadi, ku Afghanistan monga ku Iraq, kubwezera ndi thandizo la mayiko pansi pa kuyang'aniridwa ndi UN kukanakhala kothandiza, koma ndithudi sitikanapempha Soviet Union kuti ipitirize ntchito yake.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikumaliza kwanu: "Koma moona, ndikuganiza kuti kungakhale kudzikonda kungothamangira ku Iraq (omwe 75 peresenti ya aku America adathandizira), kutembenuzira mozondoka, kuyiyika panjira yopita kunkhondo yapachiweniweni, kenako ndikunyamula miyala yathu mwangozi. ndi kupita kunyumba kwathunthu. Tidachita izi ku Afghanistan pambuyo pa 1989, ndipo sizinatiyendere bwino. ”
Popeza "ife" m'chiganizo chanu chomaliza ndizomveka ngati akunena za asilikali a Soviet, ndikudabwa, Juan, ngati munali mtundu wina wa anti-Gorbachev Stalinist mu 1989? Nthabwala pambali, ndikuwona kuti ndizosamvetseka kuti mumada nkhawa kuti ndinu odzikonda, komabe kwezani mkangano wokhudza kuwopsa kwa $20 galoni ya petulo kuti mutsimikizire kupitilizabe kukhalapo kwa asitikali aku US ku Iraq. Palibe pomwe mudalozera ku chifuniro cha anthu akulu omwe akukhudzidwa: ma Iraqi omwe. Pazigawo izi, ngati tikuganiza kuti magulu akuluakulu a Kurds ndi Aarabu a Sunni ali ndi udindo wotsutsana ndi kukhalapo kwa asilikali ogwidwa, izi zingatisiye ndi ma Shiites achiarabu omwe amagawanika momveka bwino pa nkhaniyi, pakati pa omwe amavomereza. kukhalapo kwakanthawi kwa asitikali akunja ndi omwe akufuna kuti atuluke mwachangu.
Sindidzayesa kunena kuti kuchuluka kwa ma Shiite ndi omwe ali omaliza, osati chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mikangano, koma chifukwa chakhalanso ngati masewera ongopeka chabe. Ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kuti palibe mgwirizano pazantchito pakati pa anthu aku Iraq, komanso kuti gawo lalikulu la anthu aku Iraq, makamaka, likufuna kuti anthu azigwira ntchito - kuphatikizapo ambiri omwe ali m'gawo lawo ambiri. akugwira ntchito zankhondo - kulimbikitsa munthu aliyense wokonda demokalase kuti agwirizane ndi oguba kuti abweretse asilikali kunyumba tsopano.
Ndilimbikitse bwino,
Gilbert
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama