Whoops-pakupita zaka zambiri za Ayn Rand kutsika.
M'chipinda chomvera milandu Lachinayi, Wapampando wakale wa Fed Alan Greenspan, m'modzi mwa ogwira ntchito m'boma odziwika kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi, adawona kuti chuma chake chikutsika - ndipo ntchito yake yonse itatha. Chofunika koposa, nkhondo yolimbana ndi malingaliro azachuma komanso udindo wa boma m'misika - ndewu yomwe yachitika pakampeni wapurezidenti wapano - idasintha kwambiri.
Ndi mamembala a komiti yoyang'anira Nyumba ndi komiti yosintha boma akudzudzula Greenspan chifukwa cha zisankho zake zam'mbuyomu zomwe zidathandizira kubweretsa mavuto azachuma, adavomereza kuti malingaliro ake omasuka pamisika ndi zachuma sizinayende bwino. "Mukudziwa," adauza aphunguwo, "ndicho chifukwa chake ndinadabwa, chifukwa ndakhala ndikupita kwa zaka 40 kapena kuposerapo ndi umboni wochuluka wakuti ukugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri." Ngakhale Greenspan adateteza zisankho zake zosiyanasiyana, adavomereza kuti chikhulupiriro chake pakutha kwamisika yaulere komanso yoyendetsedwa mosasamala kuti apange zotulukapo zabwino chidagwedezeka: "Ndinalakwitsa poganiza kuti zokonda za mabungwe, makamaka mabanki ndi mabanki. ena, anali oti amatha kuteteza omwe ali nawo komanso omwe ali nawo m'makampani."
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, whoops-pakupita zaka zambiri za Ayn Rand kutsika.
Ma Democrat mu komitiyi adapangitsa Greenspan kudya khwangwala wamalingaliro. Ndipo pambuyo pakumva, Senator wa Democratic Dianne Feinstein wa
Kalelo, Feinstein anali kukakamiza kuwongolera zida zandalama zomwe zimadziwika kuti zotumphukira-makamaka zomwe zimatchedwa swaps. Mu 2000, Senator wa Republican a Phil Gramm, yemwe panthawiyo anali wapampando wa komiti yamabanki ya Senate, adagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsera malamulo kuti apereke chigamulo choletsa kusinthana kwa malamulo aboma. (Lobbyists for Financial firms had help to write the bill.) The swaps market kenaka inaphulika, monga ndalama makampani kugula ndi kugulitsa swaps monga inshuwalansi kuphimba malonda awo subprime securities ndi zina freewheeling ndalama katundu. Mwachidule: kukwera kwa ma swaps osayendetsedwa bwino kunapangitsa kukula kwa zotetezedwa za subprime pamtima pamavuto azachuma omwe alipo. Greenspan anali wothandizira kwambiri posunga ma swaps mosavomerezeka.
Mu 2001, Enron, atapenga ndi zotengera mphamvu, adagwa - kampaniyo itasokoneza
Mu September 2002, Greenspan, Mlembi wa Treasury Paul O'Neill, wapampando wa Securities and Exchange Commission Harvey Pitt, ndi wapampando wa Commodity Futures Trading Commission James Newsome adalembera kalata mamembala a Congress kuti azindikire kutsutsa kwawo malamulo omwe angayang'anire zotulukapo. Iwo analemba kuti:
Timakhulupirira kuti misika yochokera kumayiko ena [yowonjezera] yomwe ikufunsidwa yathandizira kwambiri kuti chuma chathu chithe kuthana ndi zovuta ndi zovuta zazaka ziwiri zapitazi. Lingaliroli lingachepetse zopereka izi, motero kukulitsa kusatetezeka kwachuma chathu ku zovuta zomwe zingachitike m'tsogoloโฆ.
Sitikhulupirira kuti pali mlandu wotsimikizira kuti boma likuchitapo kanthu. Misika ya OTC imagulitsa zida zosiyanasiyana. Zambiri mwa izi ndi zachilendo m'chilengedweโฆ.
Ngakhale kuti misika yochokera kumayiko ena ingawoneke ngati ili kutali ndi zokonda ndi nkhawa za ogula, zopindulitsa zomwe misikayi yalimbikitsa ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ogula komanso kuchuma chathu.
Greenspan ndi ena adalimbikitsa Congress kuti "izindikire zotsatira zosayembekezereka" zamalamulo kuti aziwongolera zotuluka.
Iwo analakwitsa chimodzimodzi. Kusinthana ndi zotumphukira zinatha kuwononga, osati kulimbikitsa, chuma.
Feinstein sanakhutiritsidwe ndi zotsutsana za Greenspan, ndipo adapitiliza kukakamiza kuti pakhale malamulo kuti aziwongolera kusinthana. Ndipo Greenspan anapitiriza kukana. Mu kalata ya June 11, 2003-yomwenso idasainidwa ndi mlembi watsopano wa Treasury. A John Snow, wapampando watsopano wa SEC, a William Donaldson, ndi wapampando wa CFTC NewsomeโGreenspan adayamika zotuluka ndikuzitcha gawo lofunikira pazachuma:
Mabizinesi, mabungwe azachuma, ndi osunga ndalama m'dziko lonse lazachuma amadalira zotumphukira kuti adziteteze ku kusakhazikika kwa msika komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha zochitika zosayembekezereka zachuma. Kutha kuthana ndi zoopsazi kumapangitsa chuma kukhala chokhazikika komanso kufunika kwake sikunganyalanyazidwe. M'maganizidwe athu, kuthekera kwa oyang'anira mabungwe azinsinsi kuti ayendetse bwino misikayi kungasokonezedwe ndi kuwonjezera kosayenera kwa malamulo aboma.
Iwo anali kunena kuti malamulo aboma amachepetsa kudziletsa komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi msika. Koma monga momwe zochitika zasonyezera, kusinthana kosayendetsedwa sikunateteze makampani a Big Finance; adafooketsa bizinesi yonse yazachuma mu
Mu kalata ya Novembara 5, 2003, yolembedwa ndi Greenspan yekha, mpando wa Fed adawomberanso pempho la Feinstein lowongolera zotumphukira. Ananenanso kuti "kuwongolera mayendedwe amsika" kungathetsere nkhawa zakusintha kwamisika.
Pamaso pa komiti yoyang'anira, Greenspan adati "adalakwitsa pang'ono" pokhulupirira kuti ma swaps safunikira kuwongolera. Koma adafuna kubisala ponena kuti sanakhale yekha pamavuto: "Federal Reserve inali ndi bungwe labwino kwambiri lazachuma ngati liripo. Tokha: N'chifukwa chiyani zili choncho?
Koma si onse amene analakwitsa. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, olamulira ku CFTC ankafuna kuwongolera kusinthana. Gramm, Greenspan ndi ena-kuphatikiza akuluakulu a
M'malo mwake, nthawi zonse inali nkhani yamalingaliro kwa Greenspan, ngwazi ya libertarian. Mu 1963, kulemba mu
Chabwino, zikuwoneka kuti pansi pa dongosolo lomwe Greenspan ankayang'anira kwa zaka zambiri, panalibe china koma mulu wa mapepala oipa. Ndikuchitira umboni ku komiti yoyang'anira Nyumba, Greenspan, m'modzi mwamalingaliro ambiri
David Corn ndi Amayi Jones '
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama