Mu 1980, Mtsogoleri wakale wa FBI L. Patrick Gray ndi Edward S. Miller,
mutu wanthawi imodzi wa Squad 47, gulu lazanzeru zakunyumba ku FBI ku New York.
Field Office, adaweruzidwa kuti "adapanga chiwembu chovulaza ndi kupondereza nzika
ya United States.โ Nkhani za milandu yawo inali COINTELPRO, chinsinsi,
kampeni yapadziko lonse yochitidwa ndi Bureau kuyambira 1956-1971 pofuna kuwononga
mabungwe ndi anthu "otsutsa ndale" kudzera mumtundu uliwonse
Mu 1975, komiti yofufuza milandu yotsogozedwa ndi Senator Frank Church
adapeza kuti opareshoniyo, kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto, inali "yodzaza
zosaloledwa."
Ngakhale Grey kapena Miller sanakhalepo tsiku limodzi m'ndende chifukwa cha
kukhudzika kwawo. Mu Epulo 1981, Purezidenti Ronald Reagan adasokoneza madandaulo awo
lengezani kuti akuwakhululukira onse awiri. Chifukwa chake chinali chakuti iwo
zosokoneza zidachitika panthawi yachisokonezo komanso kugawikana ku America
mbiri. Inali nthawi yoti "tiyike zonsezi kumbuyo kwathu," Reagan adati, ndi "ku
khululukirani amene anachita mopambanitsaโ mโkati mwa mikangano yandale ya mโnthaลตiyo.
Panthawiyo, zidanenedwa kuti ngati izi zikanakhala za Reagan
ndondomeko, kungakhale koyenera kuti iye akhululukire ozunzidwa ambiri
COINTELPRO monga kukhululuka olakwa. Tinaona mmene Komiti ya Tchalitchi inachitira
adapeza kuti njira ya COINTELPRO idakhala yogwiritsa ntchito makhothi
"kusokoneza" omenyera ufulu osankhidwa mwa kupeza zifukwa zabodza zowatsutsa,
kuti FBI nthawi zambiri imakhudza apolisi akumaloko pazochita zotere, komanso zamagulu onse
Cholinga cha chipani cha Black Panther Party (BPP) chinali chitamenyedwa kwambiri komanso ambiri
kwambiri.
Palibe chomwe adachita ndi oyang'anira Reagan pankhaniyi,
komabe, ndi Panthers wakale anapitiriza kutumikira nthawi, ambiri a iwo mu milandu kusonyeza bwino
Zizindikiro zakusintha kwa COINTELPRO. Zingakhalenso zaka khumi zisanachitike izi
mkaidi, mtsogoleri wina wotchuka wa BPP ku New York wotchedwa Dhoruba bin Wahad (Richard Moore),
pomalizira pake anamasulidwa atakhala zaka 21 mโndende pa chigamulo cholakwika. Ake
nkhani ndi yophunzitsa.
Mu 1989, zidakhazikitsidwa momveka bwino kuti wotsutsa, ndi
Mgwirizano wa Miller's Squad 47, udaletsa malipoti othamangitsidwa.
pamlandu wa 1973 pomwe bin Wahad adapezeka ndi mlandu wofuna kupha awiri
apolisi. Zinawonetsedwanso kuti mamembala a Squad 47, akugwira ntchito ndi ofufuza kuchokera
Gulu la NYPD Red Squad, lidatsutsa zabodza kuchokera kwa mboni ya nyenyezi ya boma. A FBI anali nawo
mobwerezabwereza anakana kukhalapo kwa zikalata zotsimikizira mfundo zimenezi kwa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri
(1975-87), motero kulepheretsa ufulu wa bi Wahad wochita apilo. Kutsutsika kunali potsiriza
inasinthidwa mu 1990.
Mikhalidwe yofananira ikupezeka pamlandu wa Geronimo ji Jaga Pratt,
mtsogoleri wakale wa mutu wa Panthers 'Los Angeles. Anaweruzidwa mu 1970 ndi kupha munthu mu 1968
Santa Monica, Pratt nthawi zonse amakhala kuti anali mtunda wa makilomita 350 panthawiyo, amapita ku
Msonkhano wa BPP ku Oakland. Pamlandu adatsutsa kuti, popeza FBI idasokoneza msonkhano, ndiye
zipika zamagetsi zikanatsimikizira komwe ali, ndipo motero kuti anali wosalakwa. FBI
Kenako mkuluyo anaimirira ndipo anakana kuti palibe amene anachitapo kanthu.
Patapita zaka, Komiti ya Tchalitchi itatsimikizira kuti
Kuwunika kudachitika, FBI idati idatero
"anataya" zipika zoyenera. Komabe, kukhudzika kwa Pratt sikunatembenuzidwe
mpaka 1997, pamene zinatsimikiziridwa kuti Julio C. Butler - nyenyezi ya boma umboni ndi,
osadziwika kwa oweruza, wopereka ndalama wa FBI - adadzinamiza pazinthu zazikulu. Pofika pamenepo,
Pratt adatumikira zaka 27.
Mlanduwu ndiwowunikira makamaka kuti wothandizira FBI, M.
Wesley Swearingen, wachitira umboni kuti Pratt adapangidwa mwadala ndi FBI ngati gawo la
gulu lake kuti liwononge Black Panther Party. Umboni wa Swearingen umagwirizana ndi a
kwambiri nkhani yakale yoperekedwa ndi Louis Tackwood, yemwe nthawi ina anali wodziwitsa
zolipidwa ndi PAPD Red Squad kuti zilowetse mutu wa Los Angeles BPP. Malinga ndi
Tackwood, ofufuza a Red Squad ndi ogwira ntchito ku FBI COINTELPRO adangokhala pansi masana ena
ndi mulu wamafayilo osayankhidwa, kufunafuna kupha komwe Pratt atha kukhala kwambiri
zolipitsidwa zotheka. Kenako anakonza โumboniโ woyenerera ndipo anamutenga
kuzengedwa mlandu.
Pakali pano, chidwi chikusunthira ku mlandu winanso wokhudza
omwe kale anali a Black Panthers ndipo ali ndi chizindikiro chosatha cha COINTELPRO. Kuyambira pachiyambi,
zonena kuti omwe kale anali atsogoleri a Omaha BPP Mondo we Langa (David Rice) ndi Edward
Poindexter adachita nawo kuphedwa kwa Wapolisi mu 1970 Larry Minard
kupsyinjika. Duane Peak, munthu yekhayo yemwe amadziwika kuti adatenga nawo gawo mu
kuphulitsa mabomba komwe kunapha Minard, sanatchulepo munthu aliyense m'chivomerezo chake choyambirira. Komanso sanatero
m'mawu ake achiwiri, mwatsatanetsatane kwa apolisi. Inde, adachitira umboni pa a
kumvetsera koyambirira kuti Rice ndi Poindexter sanakhudzidwe.
Panthawiyi, Peak adatchula amuna ena asanu ndi mmodzi, palibe mmodzi wa iwo omwe anali a BPP
mamembala, ndipo palibe mmodzi wa iwo amene anayamba wawaimba mlandu. Nkhani yake inasintha pokhapokha otsutsa atapereka
pangano lomwe atha kuchonderera ngati mwana - potero akugwira zaka ziwiri zokha - mkati
kusinthana poyimba mlandu utsogoleri wa BPP.
Rice ndi Poindexter anaweruzidwa mu April 1971, makamaka pa
maziko a umboni wa Peak. Pali umboni wokwanira wakuti anadzilumbirira yekha. Ponena za thupi
umboni wochirikiza nkhani ya Peak, khoti lamilandu linagamula mu 1974 kuti kufufuzako kunachitika
zomwe akuti zidapezeka kuti sizinali zololedwa (nkhani yovomereza kuti zitha kuchitika
adabzalidwa, monga mpunga waumirira nthawi yonseyi). Mlandu watsopano unalamulidwa panthawiyo, koma
kuletsedwa ndi luso laulamuliro lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Khothi Lalikulu mu 1976.
Madandaulo ena adaletsedwa ndi luso linanso: the
malire a nthawi yokasuma m'makhothi a Nebraska anali atatha pomwe Rice ndi Poindexter
kuyembekezera zotsatira mu ndondomeko ya federal. Chotsatira chimodzi chakhala zopinga zazikulu pa iwo
kuthekera kotsegulanso mlanduwo potengera zolemba za FBI zomwe zidatulutsidwa mu 1978. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti
apolisi ofufuza adagwirizana ndi ogwira ntchito ku FBI kuti atsekereze umboni wotsimikizira
mlandu wa 1971.
Kugwetsa kotereku kwa dongosolo lachiweruzo kumagwirizana ndi
Njira za COINTELPRO zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi bin Wahad ndi Pratt, komanso mfundo yakuti
Chaputala cha Omaha BPP - Mpunga ndi Poindexter makamaka - adalunjika ku COINTELPRO
neutralization mkati mwa 1968.
Cholinga chomwe apolisi amachitira pamlandu wa Rice/Poindexter
idanenedwa posachedwa ndi Jack Swanson, wapolisi wofufuza yemwe adatsogolera kuphulitsa kwa bomba mu 1970
kufufuza. "Ndikuganiza kuti tidachita zoyenera panthawiyo," adauza BBC
wofunsa mafunso, "chifukwa chipani cha Black Panther ... chinasowa ku Omaha
[pambuyo] tapeza osewera awiri akulu. "
Kazembe wakale wa Nebraska a Frank Morrison adawona kuti Rice ndi
Poindexter "anaweruzidwa chifukwa cha zolankhula zawo, osati chifukwa cha mlandu uliwonse
adadzipereka." Amnesty International, NAACP, Jeriko '98 ndi Congressional Black
A Caucus onse ayankha mlanduwu. Kuyambira 1993, Nebraska Parole Board yavota
mogwirizana komanso mobwerezabwereza kusintha ziganizo za amuna onsewa kukhala nthawi yoperekedwa. Komabe, mpaka pano,
a Nebraska Board of Pardons anakana kukonza zomvetsera pankhaniyi. Bungwe Limodzi
membala wanenanso kuti palibe "zochitika" zomwe angachitire
lingalirani zakusintha.
Chilungamo chosavuta chimafuna kuti izi zisinthidwe. Chabwino, ngakhale
wina amakhulupirira kuti Rice ndi Poindexter adakhudzidwa ndi imfa ya Minard, ziyenera kuvomerezedwa
Zaka 28 m'ndende ndi chilango chokwanira. Kupatula apo, Board of Pardons ya Nebraska
adasinthira chigamulo cha Caril Ann Fugate wodziwika bwino - yemwe adavomerezedwa kuti achite nawo
Kupha anthu 11 - patatha zaka zosakwana 20.
Komanso, mfundo yakuti Rice ndi Poindexter anakanidwa zoyenera
Ufulu wa ndondomeko zomwe nzika zonse zili nazo ndipo ziyenera kupatsidwa ndizoyenera
nkhawa yoti ndi osalakwa pamlandu womwe adawatsekera m'ndende chifukwa chowonjezera
kuposa kotala la zana. Mosiyana ndi malingaliro omwe membala wa Board adanenedwa
pamwamba, palibe mikhalidwe imene kutalikitsa zinthu ndikovomerezeka
mwina.
Pamapeto pake, ndipo mwina modabwitsa, Ronald Reagan anali nazo zolondola. Wolemba
1981, inalidi nthawi yokhululukira anthu omwe zolakwa zawo, zenizeni kapena zodziwikiratu, zidachokera.
sociopolitical vortex ya nthawi ya Vietnam. Kodi pangakhale kukayikira kwakukulu kuti
Kodi mfundoyi ikugwira ntchito kwa omwe kale anali a Black Panthers ngati akuluakulu a FBI? Chirichonse
kukanakhala kunyozetsa chilungamo, ndipo dzikolo lachitira kale umboni wochuluka kwambiri
awa.
Zomwe zimachitika sizingathetsedwe, koma tsogolo likhoza kusinthidwa. Mondo
ife a Langa ndi Ed Poindexter tikuyenera kumapeto kwa tsiku lino osati kungomveka koma kukhala omasuka
amuna, ophatikizidwanso ndikupereka luso lawo losatsutsika mdera lawo,
kutenga nawo gawo mokwanira munjira yopitilira machiritso ndi kuyanjanitsa zomwe
Purezidenti Reagan adalankhula mowoneka bwino zaka 18 zapitazo.
Amene akufuna kudziwa zambiri pamlandu wa Rice/Poindexter
ndi/kapena kufuna kuthandizira zopempha zawo pakusinthidwa kwa chiganizo ayenera kulumikizana ndi:
Tekla Johnson Lincoln Justice Committee PO Box 4756 Lincoln, NE
68504