Ogwira ntchito ku Bolivia ku Argentina akukakamiza boma kuti lichitepo kanthu motsutsana ndi zomwe zili ngati akapolo mkati mwa mashopu a nsalu zachinsinsi pambuyo poti moto pafakitale udapha anthu asanu ndi mmodzi ku Buenos Aires pa Marichi 30. Boma layamba kuyendera mashopu osoka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito anthu aku Bolivia ndi Paraguay. Oyang'anira anatseka osachepera 100 mwa zomera izi.
'Tidayenera kukhala chete ndikuvomera kuchitiridwa nkhanza. Ndatopa ndi nkhonya. Tikuyamba kulimbana ndi ma compañero, zikomo chifukwa chokhala pano.' Awa ndi mawu a Ana Salazar pa msonkhano wa ogwira ntchito nsalu Lamlungu madzulo. Moto womwe udapha anthu asanu ndi mmodzi''kuphatikiza ana anayi ndi azimayi awiri'"wawonetsa momwe anthu akugwirira ntchito movutikira mkati mwa makina opangira nsalu zachinsinsi ku Buenos Aires.
Oimira a Union of Seamstress Workers, gulu la ogwira ntchito ovala nsalu osalemba lipoti la milandu yopitilira 8,000 ya nkhanza zantchito m'mashopu pafupifupi 400 amzindawu m'miyezi yapitayi. Pafupifupi anthu 100,000 osamukira kumayiko ena omwe alibe zikalata amagwira ntchito m'mafakitale osatetezekawa ndi malipiro apakati a $100 pamwezi, ngati alipidwa konse.
Malinga ndi Olga, wogwira ntchito nsalu yemwe adapempha kuti dzina lake lomaliza lichotsedwe chifukwa chachitetezo, zinthu ngati akapolo m'mafakitale opangira nsalu ndizokhazikika. 'œPanthawi yogwira ntchito m'sitolo mumagwira ntchito kuyambira 7 koloko mpaka pakati pausiku kapena 1 koloko. Nthawi zambiri samalipira azimayi ndipo amawalipira zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Chifukwa chosowa zikalata zathu zamalamulo kapena kusadziwa kuti ufulu wathu ndi chiyani ku Argentina tidakhala chete. Mulibe ufulu wobwereka chipinda kapena kugwira ntchito yovomerezeka.'
Nthaŵi zambiri antchitowo anakopeka ndi mawailesi kapena manyuzipepala ku Bolivia akumalonjeza malipiro abwino, malo ogona, chakudya, ndi zoyendera kupita ku Buenos Aires. Ogwira ntchito amanyamulidwa pamagalimoto ndipo akuyenera kuwoloka ku Argentina mosaloledwa. Akalowa mufakitale yopangira nsalu amakakamizika kugwira ntchito kwa maola 16 mpaka 18 patsiku ndipo amachenjezedwa kuti akadandaula adzachotsedwa ntchito ndipo adzawatsekera m’misewu. Oposa 40 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito amakhala m'mafakitale ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala otsekeredwa mkati. A Mboni ati mabanja 25 akukhala m’zipinda zinayi za masikweya mita mkati mwa fakitale yomwe idayaka moto.
Union of Seamstress Workers (Union de Trabajadores Costureros, UTC) idapangidwa kuchokera ku msonkhano wapafupi m'dera la ogwira ntchito ku Parque Avalleneda. Poyambirira, msonkhanowo unali malo ochezera a mabanja Lamlungu, tsiku lokhalo ogwira ntchito yovala nsalu amatha kuchoka m'sitolo. Mabanja anayamba kusonkhana pamalo a msonkhanowo, omwe anali pakona ya paki. Pambuyo pake, ogwira ntchito zobvala nsalu ku Bolivia popanda woimira mgwirizano uliwonse adapanga UTC chifukwa mabungwe achikhalidwe ku Argentina amakana kuvomereza mabungwe omwe alibe zikalata.
Nestor Escudero, waku Argentina yemwe amatenga nawo gawo ku UTC, akuti apolisi, oyendera, ndi makhothi ndiwonso ali ndi udindo pazolembedwa ngati akapolo mkati mwa mafakitale opanga nsalu. 'œBungwe ili lomwe lili ndi miyezi inayi yokha lidapangidwa kuchokera ku mikangano ya ogwira ntchito m'malo opangira nsalu apafupi, komwe nthawi zambiri mikhalidwe imasanduka ukapolo. Amabweretsa anthu olowa m’dzikolo mopanda chilolezo kuti aziwadyera masuku pamutu. Wogwira nsalu amalipidwa masenti 75 pa chovala chomwe pambuyo pake amagulitsidwa $50. Phindu limeneli ndi lokwanira kupereka ziphuphu ndi kusunga dongosolo lino.'
Kuyambira m’chaka cha 2003, malipoti masauzande ambiri okhudza zinthu ngati akapolo akhala akuwunjikana m’makhoti popanda chigamulo chilichonse. Nthawi zambiri ogwira ntchito akapereka malipoti kwa apolisi okhuza kusamalidwa bwino kuphatikiza kuwopseza, kuzunzidwa, ndi ntchito yokakamiza apolisi amati sangachitepo kanthu chifukwa ozunzidwa alibe DNI, chitupa cha dziko. Escudero wa UTC watsimikizira kuti antchito ambiri ovala nsalu alandira ziwopsezo zakupha chifukwa chofotokozera zofalitsa nkhani ngati zaukapolo mkati mwazopanga nsalu.
Maukonde a nsalu zachinsinsi adawonekera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 ku Buenos Aires, kutsatira kuchuluka kwa nsalu zotsika mtengo za ku Asia. Ambiri mwa eni mafakitale opanga nsalu ndi aku Argentina, aku Korea, kapena aku Bolivia. Ogwira ntchitowa amapanga zovala zamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri monga Lacar ndi Montage. Mafakitole opangira nsalu za Clandestine akula kukhala bizinesi yapachaka ya $700 miliyoni.
Kwa osamuka osaloledwa ku Argentina, kupulumuka ndizovuta. Ogwira ntchito opanda zikalata amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuchotsedwa ntchito. Ogwira ntchito sangakwanitse kubwereka chipinda ndipo mamenejala ambiri a mahotela safuna kubwereketsa zipinda kwa anthu ochoka kumayiko ena, makamaka akakhala ndi ana. Anthu ambiri osamukira kudziko lina adalandira chithandizo chifukwa cha zovuta zaumoyo zokhudzana ndi ntchito zazing'ono za anthu kuphatikizapo chifuwa chachikulu ndi mapapu chifukwa chokhala ndi fumbi ndi ulusi komanso mavuto amsana. Kupeza ntchito yovomerezeka ndi kosatheka popanda chizindikiritso cha dziko. Masiku ano ku Argentina, 45% ya anthu onse amagwira ntchito m'mabuku (popanda mgwirizano uliwonse walamulo).
UTC yapereka mlandu kwa kazembe waku Bolivia ku Buenos Aires, Alvaro Gonzalez Quint, chifukwa cholipiritsa anthu obwera kuchokera kumayiko ena mpaka $100 (yofanana ndi malipiro apamwezi omwe amaperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito zobvala nsalu) kuti amalize mapepala ofunikira kuti alembe. Gonzalez Quint achita ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi njira zomwe boma la mzinda wa Buenos Aires lakhazikitsa pazomera za nsalu. Bungwe la Argentina League for Human Rights laimbanso mlandu a Gonzalez Quint ku Khothi Lalikulu la Federal Court chifukwa chokhudzana ndi maukonde a anthu olowa m'mayiko ena omwe amazembetsa m'makampani opanga nsalu.
Purezidenti wa Bolivia, Evo Morales, adatumiza nthumwi kuti zikafufuze momwe anthu osamukira ku Argentina adakumana ndi moto pa Marichi 30. Komiti ya ku Bolivia inapempha boma la Buenos Aires kuti lilembetse mwalamulo anthu amene alibe zikalata. Fakitale yomvetsa chisoniyi isanayambike, bungwe la UTC linali litakakamizanso boma kuti lilole anthu olowa m’dzikolo mwalamulo. Boma lati maofesi atsopano atsegulidwa kuti alembetse mwalamulo ogwira ntchito zobvala nsalu kwaulere.
Chiyambireni kutsekedwa, mafakitole ambiri asamukira kumadera akumidzi a Buenos Aires ngati njira yopewera kuyendera komwe kwangoperekedwa kumene. Ogwira ntchito zobvala nsalu akonza mayendedwe osiyanasiyana ofuna kuti akapitawo ndi eni fakitale yomwe yapsa ndi moto aimbidwe mlandu. Akulimbikitsanso kuti anthu ambiri olowa m'mayiko ena aziloledwa kukhala ovomerezeka, nyumba za anthu othawa kwawo omwe akukhala muumphawi, komanso kutha kwa ukapolo wa zokambirana.
Marie Trigona ndiwothandizira pafupipafupi pa IRC Americas Program, pa intaneti pa www.americaspolicy.com. Iye akhoza kufikiridwa pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa]. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za UTC pitani www.agoratv.org.