Atatonthozedwa chifukwa ayenera kukhala atamasulidwa posachedwa komanso kumuimba mlandu chifukwa chandalama za ndale za federal, John Edwards akudziwa kuti ndale zake zazikulu sizidzayambiranso. Nthawi zambiri ili ndi vuto lake. Edwards adayimitsa mbiri yake mopanda nzeru, mopanda mphamvu zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti ayambe chibwenzi mosasamala ndi Rielle Hunter, wotsatira msasa wodabwitsa wa nyenyezi - izi pomwe mkazi wake yemwe amakondedwa kwambiri adalimbana ndi khansa yomaliza ndipo adathamangira kusankhidwa kwa purezidenti. . Ntchito yolephereka kwambiri (yophatikiza ndalama zambiri kuchokera kwa wopindula wolemera zomwe zidayambitsa mlandu wolakwika wa Dipatimenti Yachilungamo motsutsana ndi Edwards) kubisa ubale woletsedwawo kunali koyipa kuposa zomwe zidachitikazo. Kunena kuti Edwards analibe chiweruzo ndizopanda pake.
Kwa aliyense wa ife tikudziwa, Edwards pambuyo pake adasintha makhalidwe ndi uzimu. N'zotheka kuti adakumana ndi ziwanda zomwe zinamupangitsa kuti awononge njira yowononga kuyambira kumapeto kwa 2006 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa 2008. Kupatulapo anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso anthu ochita zachiwerewere, anthu amatha kulimbana ndikugwira ntchito zomwe zinawatsogolera kuchita popanda makhalidwe abwino komanso kudziletsa ndi kusankhana.
Ngakhale izi zitachitika (zomwe zikuwoneka kuti sizingatheke), komabe, chikhalidwe chachikulu cha ndale ku US sichingakhululukire ndikuyiwala. Edwards sanachite tchimo limodzi koma atatu. Choyamba chinali kugonana kunja kwa banja, vuto limene Bill Clinton adatha kuligonjetsa kangapo. Chachiwiri chinali chophimba.
Against "Singing Kumbaya"
Awa ndi machimo omwe akumbukiridwa lero. Koma Edwards adachita chinthu chinanso chodabwitsa kuti adadzipangira yekha ukapolo mu 2007 ndi 2008. Tchimo lake lachitatu ndi loyiwalika linali kuthamangira ndi chidwi cholimbana ndi kuyankhula moona mtima pa nkhani yothetsa umphawi ndi kupititsa patsogolo chilungamo pazachuma ndi gulu la ogwira ntchito yolimbana ndi kulamulira Washington ndi zipani zonse zazikulu zandale ndi olemera azachuma ndi makampani Ochepa. Ndikukayika kuti ndine ndekha amene watsala wandale yemwe amakumbukira kuti Ralph Nader yemwe anali kumenya nkhondo patsogolo adavomereza "kumenyana. John” Edwards pa osamala kwambiri,[1] "Chiyembekezo" charlatan Barack Obama wotsogola wabodza komanso wopanda tsankho pa pulogalamu yankhani zandale ya MSNBC yemwe adatsogolera Chris Mathews "Hardball" mkati mwa Disembala, 2007. Pamene Mathews adanena kuti Nader "anapatula Obama ku mgwirizano wopita patsogolo," Nader adayankha. kuti "wadzipatula yekha ndi zomwe wanena, mwatsoka" - mawu "omwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi mphamvu zokhazikika komanso mabizinesi akulu ... Anthu aku Iowa ndi New Hampshire," Nader anawonjezera, "ayenera kudzifunsa: ndani ati amenye zanu." Pofotokoza chifukwa chomwe amavomereza Edwards ku Iowa, Nader adanena kuti "Edwards akudzutsa funso la kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi chuma ndi mphamvu m'manja ochepa omwe akugwira ntchito motsutsana ndi anthu ambiri" [2]
Patsiku lomwelo Nader adalankhula ndi Mathews, wotsogola wazachuma womasuka komanso New York Times Paul Krugman ananena kuti “pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa anthu [a demokalase] m’zikhulupiriro zawo pa zimene zidzafunika kusintha ndondomeko yopita patsogolo kukhala yoona… kulimbana kowawa kukukhala m’dziko longopeka.” [3] Zolankhula za Krugman zimafanana ndi zomwe adasankhidwa panthawiyo, Edwards, yemwe adatchula mobwerezabwereza uthenga wa Obama woyanjanitsa ndi mabizinesi akuluakulu komanso GOP ngati "kuimba Kumbaya." Edwards adatcha chikhumbo cha senate wa Illinois mobwerezabwereza chofuna kugwira ntchito ndi mabungwe akulu, Wall Street, ndi ma Republican kuti "ndizongopeka chabe." Obama, Edward adanena mobwerezabwereza, akugulitsa chinyengo chokhazikika cha kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono popanda kukangana. "Mukakhala patebulo lalikulu 'kukambilana' ndi aku Republican ndi mabungwe akuluakulu," Edwards adatero ku Iowa ndi New Hampshire, "sizikufikitsani kulikonse. Amangodya chilichonse patebulo.”
Mvetserani zomwe Edwards ananena pamwambo wa ofuna kupikisana nawo ku Democratic Party ku Charleston, South Carolina kumapeto kwa Julayi 2007:
“Kodi timabweretsa bwanji kusintha kwakukulu? Ndikuganiza kuti ndilo funso lofunika kwambiri. Ndipo funso nlakuti: Kodi mukukhulupirira kuti kulolerana, kubwerezabwereza katatu kudzabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu? sinditero. Ndikuganiza kuti anthu omwe ali amphamvu ku Washington - makampani akuluakulu a inshuwaransi, makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa mankhwala, makampani akuluakulu amafuta - sadzakambirana. Iwo sali adzapereka mphamvu zawo. Njira yokhayo yomwe angaperekere mphamvu zawo ngati titawachotsera ((MWAMWAMI)…Ngati mukufuna kusintha kwenikweni, mufunika munthu wofuna kusintha kuwatenga anthu awa ndikuwamenya… Kukhala ndi purezidenti yemwe ati achite - kumenyera nkhondo kufanana, kumenyera kusintha kwenikweni, kusintha kwakukulu, kusintha kolimba mtima, tikhala ndi winawake - sitingagulitse omwe ali mkati mwawo. Izo sizigwira ntchito. Chomwe tikufuna ndi munthu amene angawatengere anthuwa, mabanki akulu awa, makampani obwereketsa nyumba, makampani akuluakulu a inshuwaransi, makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa mankhwala. ” [4]
Pamodzi ndi kulimbikira kwa Edwards pazovuta za umphawi ndi kusalingana kwa kalasi (zachuma) (ndinamumva akunena kangapo ku Iowa ku chuma chochuluka ndi mphamvu za "1 peresenti yapamwamba") komanso kufunitsitsa kwake kuzindikira "ntchito". mayendedwe" monga "pulogalamu yayikulu kwambiri yolimbana ndi umphawi m'mbiri ya America," zolankhula zotere zidathandizira kufotokoza chifukwa chake Edwards amanyansidwa kwambiri ndi otsatsa malonda amakampani ndikuchotsedwa ndi kunyalanyazidwa ndi atolankhani amakampani kale nkhani ya Rielle Hunter isanatuluke. Iwalani za kuchepetsedwa kovomerezeka kwa omwe akufuna kukhala pulezidenti wa Nader, Cynthia McKinney, ndi Dennis Kucinich. Ngakhale Edwards, yemwe adasankhidwa kukhala Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Democratic Party zaka zitatu zapitazo, sanayenere kupatsidwa chidwi m'mabwalo amphamvu azachuma osankhika komanso ma TV. Hunter asanawululidwe, chilankhulo chake champhamvu kwambiri komanso chodziwika bwino cha anthu chidamuyika iye kumbali yolakwika komanso yolumikizana yandalama zolumikizana zamakampani ndi mabungwe azofalitsa nkhani zomwe zimasefa anthu omwe akufuna kukhala pulezidenti omwe amawoneka kuti ndi ankhanza kwambiri kapena amadana ndi mfundo komanso malingaliro okhudzana ndi chuma chambiri. .[5]
Kodi Edwards adakhulupirira moona mtima zonena za anthu ambiri za kampeni yake yolimbana ndi a Obama ndi a Hillary Clinton, onse omwe adawazindikira ndikuwadzudzula kuti ndi "ma Democrats"? Sindikudziwa. Khalidwe lake laumwini ndi lakale landale lidawonetsa mwayi. Analibe chidziwitso choyambira kuti agwirizane ndi Kucinich poyitanitsa inshuwaransi yaumoyo wa omwe amalipira okha. Komabe, adachita kampeni mozungulira komanso poyiwalika mwachangu lamulo la Employee Free Choice Act (lomwe likadakhazikitsanso mwalamulo mabungwe omwe ali ndi mphamvu mdziko muno). Kampeni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochulukirapo kuposa mawu ndi zithunzi za ofuna mphamvu ndi Edwards (pazifukwa zilizonse - mwina kudzipereka kowona mtima komanso / kapena mwina kuwerengera kuti Hillary ndi Obama adadya kale malo ambiri ndi ndalama) adasankha zolankhula. zomwe zidamuwonongera thandizo la ma bourgeois osankhika omwe amafunikira kuti purezidenti akhale "wokhazikika" muulamuliro wa chisankho cha plutocratic ku United States. Wothirira ndemanga pa ndale a Charles Pierce ananena mfundo zabwino kwambiri mu blog ya Esquire Marichi watha:
"John Edwards anali yekhayo pulezidenti wa demokalase kuyambira Jesse Jackson yemwe adachoka kukalankhula za umphawi ku America. Osati m'njira yokhotakhota. Osati ngati kuganiza mozama pambuyo podandaula kwa maola ambiri pazovuta za Middle Class ndi momwe amafunira kumasula Bizinesi Yaing'ono, The Engine Of The Economy - zonse zomwe, mwazandale, zimatanthawuza kukambirana zamavuto azachuma omwe akulimbana ndi azungu. anthu. Kulankhula za umphawi, komanso za anthu osauka, kumatanthauza kulankhula zambiri za anthu akuda, ndipo ndi mtundu wa chinthu chomwe Al From ndi Democratic Leadership Council adatsimikizira kuti mbadwo wa ndale za demokalase wofuna kutchuka unali kupha mavoti kuti chipanicho sichingathenso. kukwanitsa. Ndinkaona kuti n’zofunika kuti pakhale winawake amene amakamba nkhani pabwalo lalikulu ponena za mmene muli matumba anjala yosakhululukidwa ndiponso kufuna kuti dziko lino likhalepo limene liyenera kutichititsa manyazi tonsefe.” [6]
Kuwala motsutsana ndi Kutentha
Ngati palibe china, John Edwards wamisala amayenera kupatsidwa ulemu pang'ono chifukwa adayesa kupeza chuma chamakampani m'ma primaries komanso kuzindikira kufunikira kwa "nkhondo yopambana" ndi mphamvu zamakampani komanso zachuma. Ayeneranso kuyamikiridwa chifukwa adatcha a Obama omwe akupita patsogolo ngati munthu wokonda kusamala komanso wosamalira makampani kale zisanawonekere kwa mamiliyoni ena kuti Purezidenti woyamba wakuda wadziko lino anali wokonda kubiriwira komanso umbombo.
Pamtsutso wa ofuna kupikisana nawo ku Des Moines, a Edward adabwereza zomwe ananena mobwerezabwereza kuti "nkhondo yopambana" yokha ndi olemera ndi amphamvu ndi yomwe ingabweretse malipiro abwino, boma loyera, komanso kusintha kwaumoyo. Obama adayankha ndi zomwe wolemba kumanzere Mike Davis adatcha "kuzemba momveka bwino." “Sitifunikira kutentha kowonjezereka,” Obama anatero: “timafuna kuwala kowonjezereka.[7]
Tidawona posachedwa kuti omwe adabweretsa "kuwala" a Dollar Obama anali - anthu ngati mpainiya wochotsa ndalama, Larry Summers ndi Timothy Geithner waku Goldman Sachs, FOX News-addicted Tea Partiers atha kunena modabwitsa, zongopeka za neo-McCarthyite za "kumanzere" kwa purezidenti watsopano, (malongosoledwe oseketsa a Newt Gingrich poyera a Obama), koma ofufuza akulu analibe chifukwa chokayikira. kalasi yomwe pulezidenti watsopano adatumikira. "Purezidenti wathu wakuda" (monga mkonzi wopita patsogolo ndi wothirira ndemanga Matthew Rothschild molakwika adamutcha Obama mu Okutobala 2010) anali wa Wall Street ndi corporate America kuyambira pachiyambi. Ndi kukulitsa kwake kwa chiwongola dzanja chambiri cha olamulira azachuma omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu, kukana kwawo kulanda dziko ndikudula mabungwe azachuma, ndikusintha kwabilu ya "kusintha" yaumoyo yomwe makampani akuluakulu a inshuwaransi ndi mankhwala angakonde (mogwirizana ndi malangizo a Rahm Emmanuel. kwa purezidenti: "nyalanyazani zomwe zikupita patsogolo"), kudula kwake kwa mgwirizano wochotsa magalimoto omwe adawononga ndalama za penshoni za mgwirizano ndi kubweza ndalama zazikulu, kulepheretsa ntchito zochepetsera mpweya wa mpweya padziko lonse ku Copenhagen, kukana kwake kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zazikulu za anthu (zobiriwira kapena zobiriwira). Kupanda kutero), kuyatsa kwake kobiriwira kwa migodi yochulukirachulukira komanso kukumba mafuta owopsa m'madzi akuya ndi ntchito zina zobowola m'mphepete mwa nyanja kunyalanyaza malonjezo ogwirira ntchito ndi zigawo zina zodziwika bwino (kumbukirani lamulo la Employee Free Choice Act) lomwe lidasokonekera mwachangu) kusankha kwake Komiti Yochepetsera Ndalama "yotsogolera. [m'mawu a katswiri wazachuma Michael Hudson] ndi adani odziwika bwino a Social Security" (Senema wa Republican Alan Simpson ndi wamkulu wakale wa Clinton Erskin Bowles), kukana kwake kuvomereza kupanduka kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito ku Wisconsin, komanso kusakhulupirika kwina kwa "malo ake opita patsogolo. ” (mbali ina ya ndalama zamalonjezo zomwe zimasungidwa kwa omwe amawathandizira), a Obama "kusintha" ndi "chiyembekezo" (mawu ofunika kwambiri a kampeni ya Bill Clinton mu 1992) utsogoleri wawonetsa t.iye ali ndi mphamvu pa chimene otsutsa amphamvu Edward S. Herman ndi David Peterson amachitcha “ulamuliro wankhanza wosasankhidwa wa ndalama.”[8] Zoposa “phunziro losamveketsa bwino la mphamvu”[9] Boma la Obama lakhala semina yowona ya yemwe akulamulira America pansi komanso kupitilira zisankho zotsogola, zamalonda komanso zokhala ndi anthu ofuna kusankha.[10] komanso pa kupanda pake kufuna kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kudzera munjira zazikulu zachisankho ndi zipani zazikulu.
Nanga bwanji a Republican a Obama adachita nawo kampeni yogwirizana nawo komanso omwe wakhala akufunafuna nawo mobwerezabwereza za "centrist" zotsamira? Iwo angodziwonetsa okha kukhala osinthika kwambiri omwe ambiri amawadziwa kale kuti ali mu 2007: olimba kumanja arch-plutocratic sociopaths odzipereka kuthetsa ndondomeko iliyonse yomwe ikupita patsogolo ndi chitukuko cha anthu zomwe zapindula ndi magulu otchuka m'zaka zapitazi. Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwa Obama, anthu oyipa amisalawa ali ndi chithunzithunzi chenicheni chotenganso White House mu Novembala wamawa.
“Zochita Zandale Zazikulu”
Akanapanda kupikisana ndi Hunter fiasco, Edwards akanatha kukhala wopikisana nawo "wopita patsogolo" kwa Obama chaka chino. Koma ndiye chiyani? Chipanduko chodziwika kwambiri chotsogozedwa ndi Kumanzere chotsutsana ndi corporatism ya Democratic Party (ndi Democratic Party imperialism ndi kusankhana mitundu ndi kusankhana mitundu ndi eco-cidalism ndi ... etc.) zomwe zidayamba chaka chatha (makamaka ndi kuwuka kwa Occupy Movement) ndi adawonetsa mbali yake yodana ndi zigawenga ku Chicago mwezi watha sikungoyang'ana ofuna kapena ndale zazikulu zachipani. Sikuyang'ana apulumutsi ochokera ku gulu la ndale osankhika komanso dongosolo lachisankho lodzaza ndalama. Monga wolemba mbiri wakale wa ku America wochedwa Howard Zinn ananenera zaka zisanu zapitazo: “Ife amene timatsutsa…sitili andale. Ndife nzika. Chilichonse chomwe andale angachite, ayambe adzimva mphamvu zonse za nzika zomwe zimalankhula zabwino, osati zomwe zimapambana… Kupatula ochepa, oimira athu ndi andale, ndipo adzapereka umphumphu wawo, akudzinenera kuti ndi 'zoona. ' [Purezidenti Edwards sakanakhala choncho - PS]. "[11] Monga mnzake wa Zinn komanso mnzake Chomsky adalemba zowonera ziwiri zapurezidenti zapitazo:
"Ntchito yofulumira kwa iwo omwe akufuna kusintha ndondomeko kuti apite patsogolo - nthawi zambiri mogwirizana ndi maganizo ambiri - ndikukula ndi kukhala amphamvu mokwanira kuti asanyalanyazidwe ndi malo akuluakulu ...Pachisankho, zisankho zomveka ziyenera kupangidwa. Koma ndi zachiŵiri kwa ndale. Ntchito yayikulu ndikukhazikitsa chikhalidwe chademokalase chomveradi, ndipo kuyesetsa kumapitilira zisankho zisanachitike komanso pambuyo pake, kaya zotsatira zake zichitike bwanji. ”[12]
"Chinthu chovuta kwambiri," Zinn adanena kangapo, "si amene akukhala mu White House, koma amene akukhala mu—m’misewu, m’malo odyeramo chakudya, m’mabwalo a boma, m’mafakitale. Ndani akutsutsa, yemwe ali ndi maudindo ndikuwonetsa - izi ndizomwe zimatsimikizira zomwe zimachitika."[13] Ndilo phunziro la, mwa zitsanzo zina, gulu la ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale a m'ma 1930, gulu la ufulu wachibadwidwe, gulu lodana ndi nkhondo ya Vietnam, kayendetsedwe ka amayi - zonse zidapangidwa, ziyenera kuzindikirika, ndi ntchito zolimba, zatsatanetsatane, komanso zodzipereka tsiku lililonse, osati kamodzi pazaka zinayi zilizonse.[14]
Paul Street (www.paulstreet.org) ndiye wolemba mabuku ambiri, kuphatikiza Empire ndid Kusafanana: America ndi Dziko Lapansi Kuyambira 9/11 (Paradigm, 2004), Kuponderezana Kwamitundu mu Global Metropolis (Rowman & Littlefield, 2007), Tiye Empire's New Clothes: Barack Obama mu Real World of Power (Paradigm, 2010), ndi (wolemba ndi Anthony DiMaggio) Kusokoneza Phwando la Tiyi: Mass Media ndi Kampeni Yopanganso Ndale zaku America (Paradigm, 2011). Msewu ukhoza kufika pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
Mawu Akumapeto Osankhidwa
[1] Ndili ndi chifukwa chofotokozera Obama "wosamala kwambiri") pachithunzi choyambirira cha Purezidenti wamtsogolo ndi Larissa. MacFarquhar m’nkhani yake, “The Conciliator: Kodi Barack Obama Akuchokera Kuti?" New Yorker (May 7, 2007). Malinga ndi MacFarquhar, atachita zoyankhulana mozama ndi munthu wosankhidwa ndi Obama komanso kafukufuku wa ndale zake: "M'malingaliro ake a mbiriyakale, polemekeza miyambo, m'kukayikira kwake kuti dziko lingasinthidwe mwanjira ina iliyonse koma, pang'onopang'ono, Obama ndiwosamala kwambiri. "
[2] MSNBC "Hardball," December 17, 2007.
[3] Paul Krugman, "Big Table Fantasies" New York Times, Disembala 17, 2007.
[4] CNN/YouTube Debate, Democratic Presidential Candidates, Charleston, South Carolina, July 24, 2007, zolembedwa zopezeka pa intaneti pa http://edition.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/07/23/debate.transcript/index.html.
[5] Kuti mudziwe zambiri ndi magwero, onani
[6] Charles Pierce, "The Many Betrayals of John Edwards," The Politics Blog With Charles Pierce (March 22, 2012) at http://www.esquire.com/blogs/politics/john-edwards-prostitute-7529610. Mogwirizana ndi ndemanga ya Pierce, Edwards anali wolunjika kwambiri ndi wamphamvu kuposa Obama ponena za vuto losalekeza la kusankhana mitundu ndi kusiyana pakati pa mitundu panjira ya kampeni mu 2007 ndi 2008. See Street, Barack Obama ndi Tsogolo, Mutu 3.
[8] Edward S. Herman ndi David Peterson, "Kukwera pa 'Green Wave' pa Campaign for Peace and Democracy and Beyond," Ndale Zamagetsi, July 22, 2009, yowerengedwa pa http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2009/hp240709.html; Paul Street. "Ulamuliro Wosasankhidwa wa America wa Ndalama: Kusinkhasinkha Kwamdima Pakufunika Kusintha Kweniyeni Pakhomo, Osati Ku Middle East Mokha," ZNet (Epulo 14, 2011) pa https://znetwork.org/america-s-unelected-dictatorship-of-money-by-paul-street; Paul Street, "Pulezidenti Wakuda Ndani? Kuchita Zinthu kwa Olemera ndi Amphamvu,” Kuwongolera (Julayi 30, 2012) ku http://www.counterpunch.org/2011/07/30/whose-black-president/
[9] Anthu wamba aku America adapitilizabe pansi pa Obama kulandira zomwe wolemba ndemanga wolemekezeka wamanzere William Greider adatcha ".phunziro losamveka bwino la mphamvu, yemwe ali nazo ndi yemwe alibe. Iwo [awona]
[10] Onani
[11] Howard Zinn, "Kodi Ndife Andale Kapena Nzika?" The Progressive (Meyi 2007).
[12] Noam Chomsky, Kulowererapo (
[13] "Cholowa cha Howard Zinn," Wogwira Ntchito Zachikhalidwe, November 2, 2010, pa http://socialistworker.org/blog/critical-reading/2010/11/02/legacy-howard-zinn.