Wachiwiri kwa Attorney General Rod Rosenstein adayankha ku crescendo waukali ndi posankha mtsogoleri wakale wa FBI Robert Mueller monga uphungu wapadera kuti afufuze "malumikizidwe ndi / kapena mgwirizano uliwonse pakati pa boma la Russia ndi anthu omwe akugwirizana ndi kampeni ya Purezidenti Donald Trump" ndi "zinthu zilizonse zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kapena zomwe zingabwere kuchokera pakufufuza" komanso nkhani zina zilizonse zomwe zikuchitika za malamulo a Dipatimenti Yachilungamo (DOJ) pa kusankhidwa kwa aphungu apadera.
โMโmalo anga monga woimira mkulu wa loya ndinaona kuti nโzokomera anthu kuti ndigwiritse ntchito mphamvu zanga ndi kusankha phungu wapadera kuti aziyankha mlanduwu,โ adatero Rosenstein.
"Lingaliro langa sikuti ndikupeza kuti milandu yachitika kapena kuti mlandu uliwonse uyenera. Sindinatsimikizepo zimenezi. Zomwe ndatsimikiza ndizakuti kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, chidwi cha anthu chimafuna kuti ndiike kafukufukuyu pansi paulamuliro wa munthu yemwe amadziyimira pawokha popanda kulamuliridwa bwino, "anawonjezera Rosenstein.
Phungu wodziyimira pawokha Kenneth Starr adaganiza kuti anali nazo umboni "wambiri ndi wodalirika". motsutsana ndi Purezidenti Bill Clinton mu 1998. Starr adapereka zotsatira za kafukufuku wake ku House of Representatives, omwe adayambitsa ndondomeko yotsutsa.
Umboni wa Kubisala kwa Trump
Monga umboni wa kulakwa kwa Purezidenti Donald Trump ukutulukira, mwambi wakale wakuti kubisalako ndi koipa kuposa momwe mlanduwo ungatsimikizirenso.
Pali umboni wotsimikizika wa kulumikizana kosayenera pakati pa olamulira a Trump ndi ogwira ntchito ku Russia panthawi ya kampeni yapurezidenti. Komabe, pakadali pano, sitinaonepo umboni weniweni wa khalidwe laupandu.
Koma umboni wa kubisa ukupitiriza kukwera. Lipenga wavomereza Kafukufuku waku Russia adamupangitsa kuti achotse mtsogoleri wa FBI James Comey. Lipenga adafunsa Comey kuti athetse kafukufukuyu wa National Security Advisor Michael Flynn. Lipenga adapanga ziwopsezo zobisika kwa Comey za matepi otheka a zokambirana zawo. Trump adafuna kuti Comey alumbirire kukhulupirika kwa iye, koma Comey anakana. Ndipo a Trump adadzitchinjiriza pa Comey kumuuza katatu kuti Trump sichinali chinthu chofufuzidwa.
Izi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti a Trump asokoneze chilungamo komanso kusokoneza mboni.
Milandu iwiri yonseyi ndi milandu. Iwo ndi "milandu yayikulu ndi zolakwa," muyezo wa malamulo oletsa kutsutsidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi Washington Post, Trump adawulula "zambiri zachinsinsi" kwa Nduna Yachilendo ya Russia Sergey Lavrov, kazembe wa Russia ku US Sergei Kislyak, ndi atolankhani aku Russia.
Ngakhale izi sizingakhale zachigawenga, zitha kukhala zachiwembu komanso zolakwika chifukwa chofuna kutsutsa.
Kodi Maupandu Akuluakulu ndi Zolakwika Zotani?
Alexander Hamilton analemba mu The Federalist No. 65 kuti zolakwa sizingalandiridwe ngati โzichokera ku khalidwe loipa la anthu a mโboma, kapena, mwa kulankhula kwina, chifukwa cha nkhanza kapena kuswa chikhulupiriro cha anthu. Iwo ndi amtundu womwe ukhoza kutchulidwa mwapadera kuti ndi POLITICAL, chifukwa amakhudza kwambiri kuvulala komwe kumachitika nthawi yomweyo kwa anthu."
Purezidenti akalepheretsa chilungamo kapena kusokoneza mboni, izi zimaphwanya chikhulupiriro cha anthu ndikuwononga ufulu wa anthu pakuchita chilungamo.
The Nyuzipepala ya New York Times inati kuti Trump adawulula kwa Lavrov ndi Kislyak zomwe adaphunzira kuchokera ku Israeli. Purezidenti ali ndi mphamvu zochotsa zidziwitso zachinsinsi. Koma Woyimba mluzu wa CIA a John Kiriakou adauza Demokarase Tsopano! kuti njira yoyenera yoti purezidenti awononge zambiri ndikuti "zimabwerera ku CIA, ku ofesi yoyambira. A CIA adzakoka mfundo zoyenera kuchokera mu lipotilo, kuziyika pa pepala latsopano lopanda kanthu ndikulemba pamwamba, 'Chinsinsi chotulutsidwa ku Russia.' Mwanjira imeneyo, palibe amene amalowa m'mavuto, palibe magwero ndi njira zomwe zimawululidwa, aliyense ali wokondwa, ndipo tikhoza kukhazikitsa china cha ubale wolumikizana ndi aku Russia. Izi sizomwe Purezidenti adachita. "
Mtsogoleri wakale wa CIA Michael Hayden adachenjeza mu Washington Post: โZidziwitsozo akuti zimachokera ku bungwe la intelligence la dziko lina, kotero kuti kuwulula kwake kukanakhala kuphwanya lamulo lopatulika la gulu lachitatu la intelligence: Chidziwitso chochokera kudziko lina sichingagawidwe ndi dziko lina popanda mgwirizano wa woyambitsa. Yesetsani kuphwanya lamuloli nthawi zambiri ndipo luntha lanu limayamba kutha. โ
Zowonadi, akuluakulu azamalamulo aku US adauza a Post kuti "zowululazi zikuyika pachiwopsezo gwero lalikulu lazanzeru ku Islamic State."
Kuphatikiza apo, Hayden adatinso, "Antchito a National Security Council anali okhudzidwa mokwanira ndi mavumbulutso omwe adawona kuti akuyenera kuchenjeza CIA ndi National Security Agency. Mwachionekere, winawake mโboma ankada nkhaลตa ndi zimene zingawononge.โ
Kuwululidwa kwa Trump kwa akuluakulu aku Russia kumayika pachiwopsezo ubale wachitetezo chamtsogolo pakati pa US ndi m'modzi mwa ogwirizana nawo, omwe ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazanzeru zaku Middle East. Izi zitha kuvulaza chitetezo cha dziko la US, ndipo potero, anthu onse. Trump "adawulula zambiri kwa kazembe waku Russia kuposa momwe tidagawana ndi anzathu," mkulu wina waku US adauza Post.
Ogwira ntchito yofufuza milandu ya Komiti Yoweruza pa nthawi ya mlandu wa Nixon analemba mu 1974 kuti kutsutsidwa โkuyenera kuonedwa kokha pa khalidwe losagwirizana ndi . . . kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa ofesi ya Purezidenti." Pansi pa Constitution, Purezidenti ali ndi udindo "wosamalira kuti malamulowo atsatidwe mokhulupirika."
Pali umboni wamphamvu woti a Trump adachita zolakwa zazikulu komanso zolakwika kuti athandizire kufufuzidwa kwachinyengo. Mueller mosakayikira awulula zambiri. Phungu wapadera watsopanoyo atumize zotsatira za kafukufuku wake ku Nyumba ya Oyimilira, komwe milandu yotsutsa ikuchitika.
Kulepheretsa Chilungamo
Zolemba zotsutsa milandu ya a Nixon ndi Clinton zinali ndi zonena zosokoneza chilungamo.
The Federal obstruction of Justice statute amalanga aliyense amene โmwachinyengo, kapena kuwopseza, kapena kukakamiza, kapena kudzera mโkalata iliyonse yoopseza, kapena polankhulana ndi anthu, kusokoneza, kulepheretsa, kapena kuyesetsa kusokoneza . . . kugwiritsa ntchito koyenera komanso koyenera kwa mphamvu zofufuzira pomwe kufunsa kapena kufufuza kulikonse kumachitidwa ndi Nyumba, kapena komiti iliyonse ya Nyumba kapena komiti yolumikizana ya Congress. "
Kutsimikizira kulepheretsa chilungamo kumafuna "kuchita ndi cholinga chosayenera, payekha kapena kukopa wina." Trump adapempha Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Mike Pence ndi Attorney General Jeff Sessions kuti kutuluka mu Oval Office Purezidenti asanapemphe kuti Comey asiye kufufuza kwa Flynn. Purezidenti sanafune kuti Pence kapena Sessions amve zomwe anganene kwa Comey. Uwu ndi umboni kuti a Trump adapempha ku Comey pazifukwa zosayenera.
Ngati a Trump adamuwotcha Comey chifukwa kafukufuku womalizayo akuyandikira kwambiri kuti awononge Trump, kukanakhala kubisa, komanso umboni wamphamvu wolepheretsa chilungamo.
Umboni Wosokoneza
The Federal umboni wosokoneza lamulo amalanga aliyense amene โamagwiritsa ntchito mwadala kuwopseza, kuwopseza, kapena kunyengerera munthu wina mwachinyengo, kapena kuyesa kutero, kapena kuchita zinthu zosocheretsa kwa munthu wina, ndi cholinga chofuna kukopa, kuchedwetsa kapena kuletsa umboni wa munthu aliyense pazochitika za bomaโ
Munthu amasokonezanso mboni ngati "alepheretsa, kusokoneza, kapena kulepheretsa zochitika zilizonse za boma, kapena kuyesa kutero" kapena "kuvutitsa dala munthu wina ndipo potero amalepheretsa, kuchedwetsa, kuletsa, kapena kuletsa munthu aliyense kupezeka kapena kuchitira umboni nkhani yovomerezeka."
Comey adanena kuti Trump adamupempha kuti akhale wokhulupirika. Ngakhale FBI ikufuna kuti akuluakulu ake adzilonjeza kuti akutsatira malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino, osati kwa mtsogoleri aliyense payekha, a Trump adafuna kulumbira kwa mkulu wa FBI. Izi zitha kukhala umboni wowopseza kuti aletse Comey kuchitira umboni motsutsana ndi Trump.
Ndipo kuwopseza kobisika kwa a Trump kwa a Comey okhudza matepi akukambirana kwawo, mwachiwonekere kuti atontholetse Comey, atha kukhalanso umboni wosokoneza.
Malamulo pa Kusankhidwa kwa Uphungu Wapadera
Attorney General (AG) ali ndi mphamvu zosankha ndikuchotsa mlangizi wapadera kuti afufuze akuluakulu aboma. AG amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pazotsutsa komanso zochita zina zozenga mlandu. Woyang'anira wapadera amakhalabe woyankha kwa AG, yemwe angaletse "njira iliyonse yofufuza kapena yozenga milandu" yomwe akuwona "yosayenera kapena yosayenera."
Mu Marichi, Attorney General Jeff Sessions anadziletsa kuchokera ku kafukufuku waku Russia chifukwa panthawi yomwe amamutsimikizira, Sessions adalephera kuulula zomwe adakumana nazo ndi akuluakulu aku Russia. Choncho ulamuliro wosankha uphungu wapadera wodziimira payekha umakhala kwa Wachiwiri kwa Attorney General Rosenstein.
Malamulo a DOJ kuyitanitsa kusankhidwa kwa phungu wapadera wakunja pamene (1) kufufuza kwaupandu kwa munthu kapena nkhani kuli koyenera, (2) kufufuza kapena kuimbidwa mlandu kwa munthuyo kapena nkhani ndi Ofesi ya Loya wa US kapena gawo lamilandu la DOJ kusagwirizana kwa zofuna za Dipatimenti, ndipo (3) pansi pazimenezi zingakhale zokomera anthu kusankha Mlangizi Wapadera wakunja kuti atenge udindo pankhaniyi. Zinthu zitatuzi zikakwaniritsidwa, AG ayenera kusankha phungu wapadera kuchokera kunja kwa boma.
Mueller, yemwe kale anali wogwira ntchito m'boma, akuyembekezeka kusiya ntchito kukampani yake yamalamulo kuti akhale ngati uphungu wapadera pa kafukufukuyu.
Marjorie Cohn ndi pulofesa wodziwika bwino ku Thomas Jefferson School of Law, Purezidenti wakale wa National Lawyers Guild, komanso wachiwiri kwa mlembi wamkulu wa International Association of Democratic Lawyers. Buku lake laposachedwa kwambiri ndi "Drones and Target Killing: Legal, Moral, and Geopolitical Issues." Pitani patsamba lake pa http://marjoriecohn.com/ ndikumutsatira pa Twitter @MarjorieCohn.