"Palibe America wakuda ndi America woyera ndi Latino America ndi Asia America; pali United States of America."
Ngakhale wina angalandire mawu otere akadaperekedwa mtsogolomo komanso nthawi yoyembekezera - ngati pempho lochokera pansi pamtima kuti pakhale kufanana kwenikweni - Obama adalengeza mofotokozera komanso munthawi yamakono. Pochita izi adagulitsa kukhulupirika kwaluntha kuti amve mosavuta komanso modziwikiratu. Kupatula apo, 2004 ndi chaka chomwe kafukufuku wochokera ku MIT ndi University of Chicago adapeza kuti olemba ntchito omwe ali ndi mayina "oyera" anali ndi mwayi woti ayitanidwanso kuti akafunse mafunso kuposa omwe ali ndi mayina "akuda", ngakhale onse ziyeneretso zinali zosazindikirika. Ndipo ndi ulova wakuda ndi bulauni womwe ukupitilira kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa zoyera, ngakhale mlendo watsopano wochokera ku Chicago adalankhula zonena za umodzi wadziko (komanso banja loyera lapakati lomwe lili ndi 50-8 kuchulukitsa mtengo wa banja lapakati lakuda kapena Latino), zikanayenera kuonekeratu kuti Obama anali kuchita nawo nthano zandale m'malo mofotokozera chowonadi cha chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Post-Racial Liberalism: Ndi Zoyambira ndi Njira
Kunena zowona, zonena za ufulu wa pambuyo pa mafuko sizinali zomwe zinapangidwa ndi Purezidenti wapano. M'malo mwake, idachokera kunthawi yomwe idangotsatira malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe m'ma 1960. Anali a Daniel Patrick Moynihan, mwachitsanzo - mlangizi wa Purezidenti Johnson asanakhale Senate wa United States - yemwe poyamba adanena kuti dzikolo lingachite bwino kuchita "kunyalanyaza" pankhani ya mtundu.
Malinga ndi Moynihan, kusayeruzika kosalekeza pakati pa azungu ndi akuda kungathetsedwe bwino ndi ndimeyi yosagwirizana ndi mtundu, mapulogalamu apadziko lonse kuti athandize onse osowa; kuti, kuwonjezera pa kuyang'ana kwambiri pa zolakwika zomwe zimaganiziridwa pa chikhalidwe cha anthu akuda, kuchokera ku mabanja a kholo limodzi kupita ku umbanda mpaka kusakhudzidwa mokwanira ndi maphunziro ndi msika wa ntchito. Ngakhale kuti osunga malamulowo adatsutsanso zomwe zimatchedwa matenda a chikhalidwe cha anthu akuda panthawiyi, chomwe chinasiyanitsa ufulu wamtundu wamtundu wa anthu ndi kusankhana mitundu yatsopano ya ufulu kunali kudzipereka kwake kwa kuchepetsa kusiyana pakati pa mafuko, ngakhale ndi njira zopanda tsankho.
Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, wofalitsa wamkulu wa ufulu wamtundu wamtundu wa anthu anali katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu pa yunivesite ya Chicago, William Julius Wilson, katswiri wa maphunziro a African American (tsopano ku Harvard) amene mabuku ake, The Declining Significance of Race, ndipo pambuyo pake, The Truly Disadvantaged, adatulutsa. mizati iwiri ikuluikulu ya maganizo pambuyo kusankhana mitundu. Choyamba mwa izi chinali chakuti kusagwirizana pakati pa mafuko tsopano kunali chifukwa cha zinthu zosagwirizana ndi mafuko monga kuchotsedwa kwa mafakitale, kusagwirizana pakati pa ntchito (ochuluka m'midzi) ndi anthu amitundu (omwe amakhala makamaka m'mizinda), ndi ndalama zosakwanira za maphunziro ndi anthu ena. katundu. Mzati wachiwiri wa udindo wa Wilson unali kuwerengera kwa ndale kuti kubwereranso koyera ku zinthu monga kuvomereza tsopano kunapangitsa kuti pakhale kofunika kukankhira njira zothetsera mavuto onse, osalowerera ndale, m'malo mwa mapulogalamu ndi zoyesayesa zamtundu wina. Mwachidule, tinkafunika kulankhula zochepa zokhudza kusankhana mitundu, komanso za kalasi.
Iyi ndi njira yosalowerera ndale (yomwe imakhudzanso kunena za kusiyana pakati pa mafuko ndi ndondomeko ya mfundo za anthu osaoneka bwino), zimene Barack Obama analimbikitsa mโbuku lake la mfundo zogulitsidwa kwambiri, The Audacity of Hope. Ndipo ndi njira yomweyi yomwe adavomereza nthawi yonse yokonzekera utsogoleri, ndipo wakhala akufotokoza mosasintha kuyambira pomwe adapambana chisankho. Atafunsidwa za kusagwirizana kwaumoyo pakati pa azungu ndi akuda, mwachitsanzo, a Obama adalimbikira kuti kuphimba padziko lonse lapansi ndikupanga chithandizo chamankhwala kukhala chotsika mtengo kwa onse ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yotsekera mipatayo. Atafunsidwa za vuto la kupsinjika kwa ntchito m'madera amitundu (momwe ngakhale akuda omwe ali ndi madigiri aku koleji amakhala ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri kuposa anzawo oyera kuti asagwire ntchito, ndipo koleji idaphunzitsa Latinos 2/3 kuposa azungu ofanana kukhala osagwira ntchito), a Obama adanenetsa kuti "kukwera kwa mafunde kumakweza mabwato onse," motero phukusi lolimbikitsira ndi njira zina zopangitsa kuti chuma "chisunthikenso" ndi njira yabwino yothetsera kuvutika kwa anthu amitundu.
Koma monga ndikuwonetsera m'buku langa latsopano, Colorblind: Kukula kwa Ndale za Pambuyo pa Racial ndi Kubwerera kuchokera ku Racial Equity, Purezidenti Obama ndi ena omwe amatsatira filosofi yaufulu pambuyo pa mafuko akulakwitsa kwambiri. Ndipotu, sikuti amangolakwa ponena za kuthekera kwa mapulogalamu "apadziko lonse" kuti achepetse kusiyana kwa mafuko mu thanzi, ndalama kapena maphunziro; amalakwanso ponena za phindu la ndale la njira zosagwirizana ndi mafuko. Pamapeto pake, kupeลตa kukambirana za mtundu sikungalimbikitse kuthandizira kwa ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndipo kungawononge.
Chifukwa chiyani Mfundo za Colourblind Sizingathe Kuthetsa Kusiyana Kwamitundu
Poyamba, ndondomeko zopanda tsankho sizingathe kuthetsa kusiyana kwa mitundu kosalekeza. Chifukwa zambiri mwazosiyanazi zimayamba chifukwa cha kusankhana mitundu - osati kungotsalira kwa tsankho lakale koma kusankhana mitundu komwe kukupitilira masiku ano - zoyesayesa zapadziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale zili zofunika, sizingakhale zokwanira. Ngati anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana amasalidwa pantchito, nyumba, maphunziro ndi kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala (ndipo ndikulemba mu Colorblind kuchuluka kwa momwe amachitira), malamulo olimbikitsa zachuma, chisamaliro chaumoyo padziko lonse, kapena masukulu omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri sangakhale okwanira. ku ntchito yotseka mipata yamitundu. Makampani omwe amapeza ndalama zolimbikitsira ntchito yomanga, mwachitsanzo, azipereka mwayi wosafanana kwa anthu akuda ndi abulauni; Madokotala adzapitirizabe kuchitira odwala awo amtundu mosagwirizana (monga momwe zalembedwera ndi maphunziro ambiri), ndipo masukulu, ngakhale ali ndi ndalama zambiri, adzapitiriza kufufuza ophunzira amitundu m'makalasi ochiritsira, mosasamala kanthu za luso lawo, ndi kuwalanga mwankhanza ngakhale milingo ya khalidwe loipa ndi yofanana pakati pa mafuko onse.
Mwinamwake umboni woonekeratu wa kusakwanira kwa lamulo losaloลตerera mโmitundu yonse, wapadziko lonse umabwera mโbwalo la chisamaliro chaumoyo. Monga ndikuwonera ku Colorblind, kusiyana kwamitundu pazotsatira zathanzi pakati pa azungu ndi akuda, mwachitsanzo, sikumakhudzana ndi nkhani chabe za chithandizo, kukwanitsa, kapena kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala. Mwachidule, sizokhudza zachuma. Ganizirani izi:
*Amayi akuda omwe ali ndi digiri ya ku koleji ali ndi chiwerengero chochuluka cha imfa za makanda kwa ana awo obadwa kumene kusiyana ndi akazi achizungu omwe anasiya sukulu atatha sitandade XNUMX; ndipo ana obadwa kwa akazi akuda omwe ali ndi digiri ya koleji ali ndi chiwerengero cha imfa ya makanda kuwirikiza katatu kwa ana awo kuposa akazi achizungu ofanana.
*Amayi akuda omwe adalandira chithandizo chanthawi zonse pa nthawi yoyembekezera ali ndi pakati ali ndi ziwopsezo za kufa kwa ana awo zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira kuwirikiza kwa azimayi achizungu omwe sanalandire chisamaliro chilichonse.
*Amayi akuda ndi a Latinas omwe amabwera kudzikolo ali osauka kapena opeza ndalama zochepa amawona kuti thanzi lawo likutsika pakapita nthawi, ngakhale momwe ndalama zawo zimakhalira bwino. Ndipo amayi akuda obadwa kunja (kuphatikiza omwe akuchokera ku Africa) amabwera ku US ndi zotsatira zathanzi zofananira ndi za akazi oyera. Koma pambuyo pa mbadwo, thanzi la ana awo aakazi latsika kwambiri kuposa la Afirika Achimereka ena.
Nanga bwanji kukhala wakuda kapena bulauni ku United States komwe kumakhudza thanzi, osadalira chuma kapena chithandizo chamankhwala? Kafukufukuyu akuti, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chithandizo chosagwirizana ndi madokotala ndi mbali ya vuto; koma makamaka, tiyenera kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa tsankho pa matupi akuda ndi a bulauni pakapita nthawi. Zomwe kafukufukuyu akupeza ndikuti kupsinjika kwamtundu, monga kuthana ndi tsankho, kumayambitsa "nyengo" kwa anthu amitundu, komwe kumakhudza kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito amtima, kagayidwe kachakudya ndi chitetezo chamthupi. Anthu opitilira 100,000 amitundu amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amafa poyerekeza ndi azungu, ndipo zikuwoneka ngati kuchuluka kwa kufa kopitilira muyeso kumatha kuyikidwa pamapazi a anthu akuda ndi a bulauni chifukwa cha tsankho. Universal, mfundo za colorblind sizingathe kuyembekezera kuthetsa mavuto ngati awa.
Momwe Kusapenya Kwamtundu Kungapangitse Zinthu Kuipitsitsa
Mโchenicheni, mwa kukana kulankhula momasuka za zifukwa za mafuko enieniwo, awo amene amamamatira ku ufulu wa pambuyo pa mafuko angaipitsedi ukulu wa kusiyanako. Choyamba, zonena za kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ndi ndondomeko za anthu za colorblind universalism zimakonda kupititsa patsogolo vuto lomwe lakhazikika kale la kukana azungu. Kupatula apo, ngati sitilankhula za vuto, zimakhala zosavuta kuganiza kuti si vuto. Poganizira momwe kukana kusankhana mitundu kulili kale pakati pa azungu aku America (ndipo zakhala zikunenedwa m'mibadwo yonse), kukulitsa njira iyi "yosawona zoyipa" kungangochepetsa kuchuluka komwe timatha kuchita zambiri pazowona. za tsankho.
Kachiwiri, kukana kuyankhula momasuka za tsankho kungapangitse anthu aku America kufotokozera momveka bwino kusiyana komwe kukupitilirabe. Motero, mwachitsanzo, ngakhale mwana wamngโono angaone mosavuta kusiyana kwakukulu mu United States, kumene kumawonekera mosiyanasiyana mafuko. Amatha kuona kuti kumene anthu amakonda kukhala, kumene amakonda kupita kusukulu, ndi ntchito zamtundu wanji zimene amakonda kukhala nazo, kaลตirikaลตiri zimakhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa iwo. Ngati anthu a mโdera limene anawa amakhala akukambirana mokangalika ndi kufunafuna kuthetsa zifukwa za kusiyana kumeneku, kuphatikizapo tsankho limene lilipo masiku ano komanso mmene zinthu zinalili zopanda chilungamo mโmbuyomu, ndiye kuti anawo akhoza kumvetsa bwino mmene zinthu zinakhalira. iwo ali, ndi momwe tingathetsere vutolo. Koma ngati tikugogomezera kwambiri nkhani za tsankho ndi tsankho - mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati tikuchotsa nkhani yofunikira kuti timvetsetse zochitika zomwe ana akuwona - achinyamata adzakula akuganiza kuti kupanda chilungamo kuli "njira yokhayo." Zinthu zili," kapena zoyipitsitsa, kuti kusiyana kuyenera kukhala chifukwa cha anthu ena kungokhala "abwino" kuposa ena. Mwachidule, ufulu wa pambuyo pa mafuko m'dzina la colorblindness ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo malingaliro a tsankho: chodabwitsa kwambiri.
Pomaliza, popeza ufulu ukupitilizabe kulimbikitsa mitu yosankhana mitundu pakuwukira kwawo mfundo zapagulu zomwe zikupita patsogolo, chigamulo cha omasuka akale kuti apewe kukambirana za mtundu amangokhala ngati njira yochepetsera zida zaumodzi poyang'anizana ndi nkhanza zotengera mtundu. Ngati ufulu ukupitilizabe kutsutsa Purezidenti, mwachitsanzo, kungokankhira chithandizo chamankhwala ngati njira yobwezera ukapolo (monga Glenn Beck wanenera), kapena "kudana ndi azungu" (Beck kachiwiri), kapena kukhala "wopambana Wachitsamunda waku Africa" โโkuposa waku America (monga momwe a Rush Limbaugh adanenera) ndizokayikitsa kuti chisankho chake chopewa kukambirana zamtundu chidzamuthandiza kwambiri. Ufulu udzapitilira kukankha mabatani a mkwiyo wamtundu woyera, ziribe kanthu zomwe Obama angachite. Kuti asabwezere mmbuyo, kapena kuipitsitsa, kukana monga momwe alili ndi zodziwikiratu - kuti chidani chachikulu pazifukwa zake ndi chifukwa cha tsankho - zimangopangitsa Purezidenti kuwoneka wofooka. M'lingaliro limeneli, ufulu wa pambuyo pa mafuko si ndale zanzeru.
Chifukwa Chake Post-Racial Liberalism SI Njira Yabwino Yandale
Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu omasuka pambuyo pa mafuko, zoyesayesa za anthu osaona ngati chithandizo chamankhwala chapadziko lonse kapena mapulogalamu a ntchito sizithandiza kwenikweni kulimbikitsa mfundo zachitukuko. Makamaka izi zili choncho chifukwa ngakhale kuyesayesa kwapadziko lonse pakulimbikitsa anthu omwe alibe "amene alibe" kumawonedwa ngati zopereka zamitundu ndi magulu akuluakulu a anthu oyera.
Kwa zaka makumi anayi, zonena za ndondomeko iliyonse yofuna kusintha moyo wa anthu omwe akulimbana ndi zachuma zakhala zikutsatiridwa, kotero kuti kufananitsa kwa mayiko a ndalama zamagulu a anthu ndi malingaliro a anthu apeza kuti chifukwa chachikulu chomwe United States ili ndi vuto lalikulu. dongosolo lothandizira anthu osauka, poyerekeza ndi anzathu a ku Ulaya, ndilo lingaliro lakuti pano, anthu akuda adzazunza mapulogalamu aliwonse omwe alipo. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mkwiyo wamtundu woyera ndi tsankho zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri a ku America azungu "amve" anthu akuda ndi a bulauni, ngakhale wandale ngati Purezidenti Obama sakuyankhula mwachisawawa. Choncho chisamaliro chaumoyo chimakhala "chopereka" kwa "alendo osaloledwa" kapena "olandira chithandizo chaulesi" (pafupifupi nthawi zonse amawoneka ngati akuda).
Kufotokozeranso momwe azungu amakhudzidwira tanthauzo la tsankho ku ntchito zachipatala za Obama (mosasamala kanthu kuti adayesetsa bwanji kuti azichita), ganizirani zotsatira za kafukufuku wina waposachedwapa, momwe ngakhale azungu omwe ali ndi tsankho lalikulu adathandizira ndondomeko ya Obama. malinga ngati adafotokozedwa kwa iwo ngati malingaliro a Bill Clinton osintha zaumoyo. Mu kafukufukuyu, chithandizo pakati pa azunguwa chidatsika atamva kuti ndondomeko yomwe inali patsogolo pawo inali ya Barack Obama.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti ndi pamene mbali yosankhana mitundu ya nkhani kapena mkangano imaloledwa kukhalabe osasunthika komanso pansi pa nthaka yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu yolamulira maganizo ndi zochita za anthu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, polola azungu kukhalabe kumbuyo kwa chophimba cha kusalakwa kwa mafuko, kumene iwo sanapangidwe kuti ayang'ane ndi kuthekera kuti kutsutsa kwawo zinthu monga chisamaliro chaumoyo kungakhale chifukwa cha kudana kwaufuko, kuyankhula pambuyo pa mafuko ndi zokambirana za ndondomeko kwenikweni. lolani kuti zilakolako zobisika zimene kaลตirikaลตiri zili muzu wa chitsutsocho zipite mosaletseka. Malinga ndi umboni, kuyankhula momasuka za mtundu ndi momwe kusankhana mitundu kungakhudzire ena a chitsutsocho-ngakhale kungapangitse anthu kukwiyitsa pakapita nthawi-kumapangitsanso kuti ayambe kuganizira mozama maganizo ndi makhalidwe ofanana.
Chifukwa chakuti azungu ambiri safuna kukhala atsankho, kapena kuchita zinthu chifukwa cha tsankho, kaลตirikaลตiri amafunitsitsa kupendanso kaimidwe kawo pamene ayangโanizana ndi kuthekera kwakuti angakhale akuchita zimenezo. Ufulu wa pambuyo pa mafuko, komabe, umachepetsa mwayi woti azungu aku America adzakakamizika kuthana ndi mipata pakati pa zomwe amakhulupirira komanso mwina zochokera pansi pamtima, komanso kukondera kwawo, ndikuthetsa kutsutsana pakati pa zomwe akunena ndi zomwe amachita.
Njira ina ya Kusaona kwa Mitundu: Kukhala Pamodzi ndi Wowala
Poyankha kukula kwa ufulu wosankhana mitundu, ndikupangira njira ina yoganizira ndi kuchitapo kanthu: yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zomwe kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri wa psychology akutiuza kuti zimagwira ntchito kulimbana ndi tsankho lathu, ndi zomwe kafukufuku wa chikhalidwe cha anthu amatiuza kuti tiyenera kuchita mwadongosolo. Paradigm iyi ndimayitcha, Illuminated Individualism.
Kukonda munthu payekha kumakhazikika pamalingaliro akuti umunthu wathu, zomwe timakumana nazo ndi malingaliro athu zimapangidwa mozama ndi zomwe timadziwika m'magulu athu, kuphatikiza koma osati kokha ku mtundu wathu. Kukhala woyera, kapena munthu wa mtundu amatanthauza chinachake. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale malingaliro amunthu payekha omwe ali ndi ufulu, kapena "tonse tili limodzi" m'chilengedwe chonse cha omasuka pambuyo pa mitundu, zomwe zimatengera zenizeni zomwe zikuchitika ku United States. Pofuna kuchitira anthu monga momwe iwo alili, tiyenera kuganizira za moyo umene akukhala, ndipo mwa zina izi zikutanthauza kumvetsetsa udindo wa tsankho m'miyoyo yathu, ndi momwe malingaliro athu ndi tsankho zathu zakhalira. zokhazikika pagulu.
Kafukufuku m'derali ndi omveka bwino: pokha pozindikira momwe tapangidwira kuti tilowetse tsankho lamtundu uliwonse tikhoza kuyembekezera kufufuza ndi kusokoneza makhalidwe a tsankho. Malinga ndi umboni wabwino kwambiri womwe ulipo, pamene tipanga mtundu kukhala wotsogola, ndikudzutsa lingaliro la kusankhana mitundu (pakukambirana kwa oweruza, kuyankhulana kwa ntchito, kapena zochitika zina) timakhala osamala kwambiri kuti tichite zinthu mwachilungamo komanso mwadala, ndikuchita zowawa zapadera. kusankhana. Kafukufuku wapeza, mwachitsanzo, kuti azungu ambiri (ndipo ngakhale anthu ambiri amitundu) amakhala ndi tsankho lakuya kwambiri kwa anthu akuda komanso mokomera azungu. Chifukwa izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika mosadziwa zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira kapena kuzisokoneza pokhapokha wina ataphunzitsidwa kuziganizira, kuzifukula ndikuzitsutsa. Koma izi zimafunikira, mwachiwonekere, kusamala zamtundu, osati kusokoneza mtundu kapena kusalowerera ndale.
Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti, tikamatchula tsankho pakati pa anthu komanso ife eni, tikhoza kuchepetsa mwayi wochita zinthu mogwirizana ndi tsankho. Kudana ndi tsankho, mwa kuyankhula kwina, kumachita. Pamafunika kuyesayesa dala kuti tidziyese tokha nthaลตi iliyonse imene tingathe: monga aphunzitsi mโkalasi, olemba anzawo ntchito panthaลตi yofunsidwa ntchito, apolisi mโmisewu, oyangโanira ngongole kubanki, ndiponso monga makolo mโnyumba zathu.
Ndipo zinthu zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti tigwiritse ntchito njira yosamalira mitunduyi sizitenga khama lapadera la boma: m'malo mwake, ndi zinthu zomwe tingachite, aliyense wa ife, payekhapayekha komanso palimodzi m'malo omwe timagwira ntchito tsiku lililonse. Pakati pa izi, titha kukhala ndi makambitsirano omasuka ndi ana athu za tsankho ndi tsankho, zakale ndi zamakono; titha kupangitsa kukhala ndi chidziwitso m'machitidwe amitundu yambiri, komanso kukhala ndi kudzipereka kotsimikizirika kwa tsankho kuntchito kapena kusukulu kukhala kofunikira kuti munthu ayenerere ntchito kapena mipata m'makoleji. Kupatula apo, m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX momwe dziko lidzakulirakulira, azungu omwe sakhala omasuka pamikhalidwe yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena osadzipereka mokwanira pakuchita bwino adzakhala mangawa azamabungwe, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kugwira ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, titha kuphunzitsa aphunzitsi njira zopangira chilungamo m'kalasi - njira zomwe, malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, zimafuna njira yoganizira zamitundu yomwe imatengera momwe achinyamata amawonera mtundu ndi tsankho - ndikukankhira mfundo za anthu zomwe zikuwonetsa. kumvetsetsa kwavuto lomwe likupitilira la tsankho. Zina mwa izi: tikhoza kulimbikitsa kulengeza tsankho ngati nkhani ya umoyo wa anthu (zomwe zingathandize kuthandizira ndalama zothandizira maphunziro odana ndi tsankho pakati pa madokotala ndi m'masukulu azachipatala); titha kumenyera kufunikira kwa ziganizo zokhuza mitundu tisanadutse mfundo zapagulu zomwe zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo titha kukhala otsimikiza kulanga makampani omwe amachita tsankho.
Mwachidule, podzipereka tokha ku zokambirana zapagulu ndi zachinsinsi zomwe zimatsutsa tsankho komanso tsankho - zomwe zimatikakamiza kuti tipite patsogolo pa angelo abwino a chikhalidwe chathu m'malo momangokhalira kukana, kukhala chete, komanso kuwerengera ndale zomwe pamapeto pake sizili. Opanda nzeru ngakhale pang'ono - titha kubwereranso pankhondo yolimbana ndi tsankho. Ndizovuta zomwe tiyenera kuziganizirabe, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina takhala tikubisa kufunikira kwake pazaka makumi anayi zapitazi.
Tim Wise ndi wolemba mabuku angapo. Zake ziwiri zaposachedwa kwambiri Pakati pa Barack ndi Malo Ovuta: Tsankho ndi Kukana Koyera M'nthawi ya Obamandipo Colorblind, The Rise of Post-Racial Politics ndi Retreat from Racial Equity, zonse zosindikizidwa mu Open Media Series ndi City Lights Books, www.citylights.com