Were Federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) nke 2001. Tinye onye nketa ya, Race to Top Fund (RTT-TF), akụkụ nke American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) nke 2009. N'okpuru NCLB na RTTTF, nwa akwụkwọ. Akara n'ule ahaziri ahazi bụ ọkwa etiti na ndozi ụlọ akwụkwọ K-12 ọha. Ndị isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na ndị nkuzi nwere ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị na-adabaghị ụkpụrụ mmụta dabere na akara ule na-eche ntaramahụhụ siri ike, sitere na mmechi ụlọ akwụkwọ, yana ịchụpụ ndị ọrụ, na oghere ụlọ akwụkwọ chata (brick-na-mortar na online).
Enwere ọtụtụ ihe mmụta na nkuzi a siri ike karịa ile anya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-anọghị na ogbo bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enweta uru. Ọrụ ntụkwasị obi ha bụ ndị nwe oke, ọ bụghị ọdịmma ọha. Yabụ kedu ihe mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ yana ndozigharị ụlọ akwụkwọ K-12 ọha?
Anyị na-atụgharị na ụlọ akwụkwọ nkwadebe ule Kaplan (KTP). Ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na-agụ ụmụ akwụkwọ maka ule dị ka SAT, ACT, LSAT, GMAT, MCAT na GRE na US na ná mba ọzọ. KTP sonyere Kaplan Higher Education na Kaplan International dị ka akụkụ atọ nke Kaplan, Inc., malitere na 1938 na ugbu a onye enyemaka nke Ụlọ ọrụ Washington Post. Kaplan Inc. nwetara pasenti 55 nke ego ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwetara na ijeri $2.196 na 2012, dị ka akụkọ ya kwa afọ si kwuo, gbadara site na ijeri $2.404 na 2011 na ijeri $2.804 na 2010. KTP nwetara $284 nde na 2012, $303 nde na 2011 na $314 nde na 2010, na $XNUMX nde na XNUMX. XNUMX. Nke a na-aga n'ihu ego mbelata, dị ka CEO Donald E. Graham, pụta, na akụkụ, si a elu ọnụego nke enweghị ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, ego na-akpata nhụsianya bụ "nchịkwa na-enweghị isi nke gọọmentị US." Atụmatụ Kaplan maka mgbasawanye gụnyere ịga n'ihu inweta azụmaahịa dịka Celtic Healthcare, ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike ụlọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụdị agụmakwụkwọ ngalaba Kaplan na-agbasawanye na mba ndị dị ka Australia, Ireland na Singapore. (Carina Wong, onye na-ekwuchitere KPT, azaghị arịrịọ ajụjụ ọnụ.)
Kaplan kwụsịrị ịbụ onye otu afọ na ngalaba mmụta nke American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), otu ndị na-akwadoghị ego-ruo mgbe na-adịbeghị anya kwụsịrị ihu ọha radar. ALEC, site na nkwado ego sitere na ọdịmma ụlọ ọrụ dị ka AT&T, Bank of America, Comcast, Eli Lily, Exxon Mobil Corporation, Koch Industries, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, na-ede akwụkwọ ego nlereanya na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ maka ndị omebe iwu steeti n'ofe US Gịnị kpatara a na-elekwasị anya na ndị omebe iwu steeti? Ụlọ steeti bụ ebe dollar ụtụ isi bụ maka ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze K-12. N'akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ya, Ọchịchị Error: The Hoax of Privatization Movement na ihe egwu dị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze America, onye na-ede blọgụ na agụmakwụkwọ Diane Ravitch na-ede, sị: “Stieti nwere ọrụ bụ́ isi maka ịnọgide na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ ọha na ego. Gọọmentị etiti na-arụ ọrụ nkwado. " Agbanyeghị, amụma agụmakwụkwọ gọọmentị etiti site na NCLB na RTTTF na-emetụta steeti na mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ mpaghara. Usoro a na-enwe mmetụta na-ebu amụma ụlọ akwụkwọ K-12 ọha bụ akara ụmụ akwụkwọ n'ule dị elu ejiri maka ntaram ahụhụ na ụgwọ ọrụ.
Pearson Inc., ụlọ ọrụ Britain nwere Pearson Education wee nweta nkwụghachi na isi ego ntinye ego nke 9.2 pasent na 2008; 8.9 pasent na 2009; 10.3 pasent na 2011; 9.1 pasent na 2011 na 9.1 pasent na 2012. Pearson Inc. nwere mbipụta mbipụta nke Addison-Wesley, Allyn na Bacon, Benjamin Cummings, Longman, Prentice Hall, na Scott Foresman. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enyekwa mmemme mmụta eletrọnịkị, na-emepe emepe, nhazi, na akara ule. Pearson kpọrọ onwe ya “ụlọ ọrụ na-eduzi mmụta n’ụwa,” ya na “ndị mmadụ 36,000 nọ n’ihe karịrị mba 70.” Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwetara $ 7 ijeri ego mmụta maka 2011, dịka akụkọ 2012 ya si kwuo. Pasent iri asatọ na anọ nke ego agụmakwụkwọ Pearson na-esite na ntule ụmụ akwụkwọ na ule mmezu. N'ụzọ dị iche, akara ụlọ ọrụ Penguin Random House nwetara ego 2012 nke pasent 11, yana Oge ego Pasent 5, n'otu n'otu, mgbe ọ na-agbanwe ngwaahịa ya, agụmakwụkwọ gụnyere, site na mbipụta gaa na dijitalụ nhazi.
Ntinye ego teknụzụ ngwa ngwa
Atụmatụ uto Pearson Inc. kwụ ọtọ. Dị ka CEO John Fallon si kwuo, "Anyị kwesịrị ịkwaga ngwa ngwa na mgbanwe dijitalụ anyị, ịkwaga anyị na ọrụ, yana iwulite ọnụnọ anyị na ahịa ndị na-apụta." N'ebe ahụ ka uto kacha sie ike na-eme maka Pearson Inc. Iji mezuo nke a, Glen Moreno, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ, kwuru na akụkọ afọ Pearson 2012, "ịgbanye ego na nkà na ụzụ na ụbara arụmọrụ ga-enyere anyị aka iru ebumnuche anyị ngwa ngwa. ” Ihe atụ na nso nso a nke atụmatụ a bụ ntinye nke Pearson ọdịnaya dijitalụ na iPads maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ na Los Angeles Unified School District. Data nkuzi dị na iPads bụ "Sistemụ nkuzi nke Pearson Common Core." Standardkpụrụ isi obodo a na-ahụkarị na-aghọ ntọala nke ule mba niile maka ụmụ akwụkwọ K-12 ọha.
Pearson Education ji $4.4 nde lobbying Congress maka okwu ndị dị ka ụkpụrụ, site na 2009 ruo ọkara mbụ nke 2013, dị ka Center for Responsive Politics, dabere na Washington DC. Connections Academy, ụlọ ọrụ mmụta n'ịntanetị maka uru nke malitere na Houston, Texas, na-eduzi ndị ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ALEC tupu Pearson, Inc. wee nweta ụlọ ọrụ ntanetị n'August 2011. Dị ka Pearson si kwuo, Njikọ abụghịzi akụkụ nke ALEC. Agbanyeghị, ụgwọ steeti ahụ Connections, ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ntanetị nke abụọ kachasị na mba niile, na-akwado ndị ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ALEC ka na-arụ ọrụ, Rebekah Wilce, onye nyocha na onye nta akụkọ maka Center for Media and Democracy nke Wisconsin kwuru. K12 Inc., ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ cyber kasị ukwuu, na nke Kaplan, Inc. nweburu, ka bụ onye otu ndị ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ALEC, dịka Wilce-Lindsay Russell na Bill Meierling nke ALEC si kwuo, azaghị ekwentị ma ọ bụ email arịrịọ maka nkwupụta.
Dị ka webụsaịtị otu ahụ si kwuo: “Kwa afọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụgwọ 1,000, dabere ma ọ dịkarịa ala n'akụkụ ya. A na-ewebata Iwu Model ALEC na steeti. N'ime ndị a, nkezi nke pasent 20 na-aghọ iwu." Dị ka nyocha CMD maka afọ omebe iwu 2013, wepụtara n'August a, nke "ụgwọ ALEC 139 na-emetụta agụmakwụkwọ ọha, 31 n'ime ndị a ghọrọ iwu. Naanị steeti asaa enweghị akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ALEC ewepụtara n'afọ a. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, ụgwọ ndị a napụrụ ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi ego site na usoro agụmakwụkwọ ọha iji rite uru n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị mmadụ na-erite uru, gụnyere "Great School Tax Credit Act."
Maka usoro omebe iwu steeti 2014, ALEC mere nzukọ n'isi mbido Disemba gara aga na Washington, DC. Dị ka Wilce nke CMD si kwuo, ALEC's "States and National Policy Summit," ịmepụta na ịkwalite usoro omebe iwu 2014 bụ ihe a ma ama maka "ihe ga-eme n'azụ ụzọ mechiri emechi. ALEC tinyere akụkụ nke usoro omebe iwu ya maka nzukọ ahụ, ebe ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ezobe ndị na-akwado ya na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ nke iwu mmasị pụrụ iche. N'ihe gbasara ALEC maka afọ 2014 bụ… ihe ndị kacha mkpa na ụgwọ (nke ga-abụ 'ụdị' ALEC' mgbe ndị ọrụ ọrụ gafere - ya na ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ na-eme ntuli aka dịka ha nhata n'akụkụ ndị omebe iwu steeti — ma ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ kwadoro)." Tụlee iwu a gbasara mgbanwe ụlọ akwụkwọ K-12 ọha. Dị ka Wilce siri kwuo, “ALEC's“ “Student Achievement Backpack Act,” na-egosikwa na ọ dabere na ụgwọ Utah, 2013 SB 82, nke na-enye ohere ịnweta data ụmụ akwụkwọ n'ụdị ọnụ ụzọ eletrọnịkị dabere na igwe ojii.
Dị ka Ed Week si kwuo, ọ sitere n'akwụkwọ sitere na Digital Learning Now, ọrụ nke Jeb Bush Foundation for Excellence in Education, nke nwere njikọ na ALEC ma kwadoro ya na akụkụ Pearson, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba ụwa nke zụtara Njikọ Njikọ. bụbu onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndị ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ALEC."
Na Texas na Julaị gara aga, onye na-enyocha steeti ahụ wepụtara akụkọ na-akọwa etu ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ Texas siri ghara ilekọta nke ọma nkwekọrịta gọọmentị afọ ise $462 maka ule ahaziri ụmụ akwụkwọ na steeti niile na Pearson Education. Nke ahụ ọ bụ oke mmefu ego nke steeti ahụ? Azịza ya bụ mba, dị ka Linda McNeil, onye prọfesọ mmụta na Mahadum Rice nke dị na Houston na onye ntụzi Center for Education ebe ahụ kwuru. O kwuru, sị, "Efuola ụgwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ mpaghara maka oge ndị ọrụ na-ahụ maka nlekọta nke ule a haziri ahazi," ka o kwuru. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nkwekọrịta agụmakwụkwọ Pearson na-anọchite anya pasent 61 nke nkwekọrịta TEA niile. Enwere ndị lobbyists asaa edebanyere aha maka Pearson Education, nke kwụrụ ha $510,000 na 2013, ka Texas Ethics Commission siri kwuo. B. Alexander (Sandy) Kress bụ otu n'ime ndị lobbyists edebanyere aha maka agụmakwụkwọ Pearson na Texas. Kress bụ onye ndụmọdụ dị elu na NCLB nye GOP President George W. Bush na onye isi oche gara aga nke ndị nlekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Dallas Public Schools. "NCLB eritela uru n'ụlọ ọrụ nnwale na ego dị n'etiti $1.9 na $5.3 ijeri kwa afọ," dị ka otu isiokwu akpọrọ "Ndị na-erite uru Bush na-anakọta ijeri na NCLB.
Azụtara maka ijeri $2.4 site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ onwe ya Apollo Global Management LLC na Machị 2013, McGraw- Hill Education nwetara ego ruru ijeri $2.3 na 2011, gbadata site na ijeri $2.4 na 2010, dịka akụkọ afọ 2012 Pearson siri kwuo. CTB/McGraw-Hill bụ ngalaba McGraw-Hill Education, nke na-ejere ụmụ akwụkwọ karịrị nde 18 na steeti US ọ bụla na mba 49, na-ebuga ọtụtụ ule nyocha na mgbakọ na mwepụ, ịgụ akwụkwọ, sayensị, ọmụmụ mmadụ na ide. Dị ka weebụsaịtị McGraw-Hill Education si kwuo, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye "ọdịnaya dabere na nyocha na teknụzụ dijitalụ kacha mma na-apụta iji duzie nyocha, nkuzi na mmụta iji nweta nsonaazụ kacha mma maka ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị nkuzi, na ụlọ ọrụ." Ka mmalite nke ndakpọ akụ na ụba malitere na US, McGraw-Hill sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ, Tata Group, na India. Taa, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Education na-enye azịza mmụta maka akụ na ụba India na-eto eto, dịka McGraw-Hill Education si kwuo. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ tinyere ego na nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ, ngwanrọ njirimara okwu maka mmụta asụsụ Bekee na China na 2010. Stateside, McGraw-Hill Education nwetara Key Curriculum kwalitere akara ukwu ya na nkà na ụzụ nke nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ, gbasaa ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ maka mpịakọta nke Common. Ụkpụrụ isi steeti, nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ K-12 ọha na-eme ule mmezu. Na Hawaii, ngalaba mmụta steeti zụtara “McGraw-Hill Reading Wonders—usoro ọgụgụ isi nke K-6 nke mbụ na-ere ahịa nke e wuru site na ala iji lebara ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ isi obodo maka asụsụ Bekee anya — dị ka mmemme ọgụgụ pụrụiche maka. Klas” na steeti niile na Septemba 26, 2013.
A jụrụ ajụjụ gbasara mbọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị McGraw-Hill Education, Charles Zehren, onye na-ekwuchitere Apollo Global Management LLC, jụrụ ikwu. Dabere na Center for Responsive Politics, Apollo Global Management LLC nyere onye na-ekwuchitere GOP House John Boehner ego n'afọ a. Na Federally, McGraw-Hill Education abanyebeghị iche na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ kemgbe 2008. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nnabata kacha ọhụrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ McGraw-Hill dum, dịka Center for Responsive Politics si kwuo, bụ:
$ 1,500,000 na 2009
$ 1,650,000 na 2010
$ 1,280,000 na 2011
$ 1,000,000 na 2012
Na May 9, 2010, na NY Times kọrọ banyere itinye aka nke nnukwu ego mkpuchi—site na Anchorage Capital Partners ruo Greenlight Capital na Pershing Square Capital—na mgbanwe ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na K-12. Mmasị ndị a n'ụzọ ego na-akwado otu mgbanwe ụlọ akwụkwọ K-12 anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, Democrats for Education Reform (DFER), kọmitii ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gọọmentị etiti n'okpuru nduzi nke Joe Williams. Ego mgbochi atọ dị n'elu jụrụ arịrịọ maka nkọwa gbasara otu mgbanwe ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze K-12 si emetụta uru na mfu ha, yana otu ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla si enyocha ọkwa nke ihe egwu na ụgwọ ọrụ ya. N'otu aka ahụ, Devin Boyle, onye nnochite anya DFER, azaghị ajụjụ gbasara atụmatụ ya iji kwalite mgbanwe ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha K-12 yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye ego nke ndị na-akwado ego nchekwa ogige ya. Ọ dị mma ịmara na otu nwanne nwanyị DFER, Education Reform Now, ekike nkwado na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ hibere na 2005, nke Joe Williams na-elekọtakwa ya, nwere onyinye ruru $9 nde na kalenda afọ 2010, dị ka IRS Form 990 si kwuo. oke ego ha nwetara kwa afọ ERN. bụ $80,000 na 2006; $173,500 na 2007; $1,344,460 n'afọ 2008; $1,152,851 n’afọ 2009 na $10,883,330 n’afọ 2010. Akụkụ ọdụm nke mmefu ERN gara n’ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ akwụkwọ chata na steeti New York.
Onye isi nke ERN bụ Brian Zied, onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke Charter Bridge Capital Management, ego mkpuchi. John Petry bụ oche ERN na onye mmekọ nke Gotham Capital, bụkwa ego nchekwa. Dị ka webụsaịtị DFER si kwuo, ọ chọrọ “iweghachite Democratic Party n'ebe kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka onye mmeri nke ụmụaka, nke mbụ na usoro agụmakwụkwọ ọha nke America.” Ụgwọ ọnwa Joe Williams ERN nke $120,561 na 2009 fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ ruo $218,565 na 2010.
Adrianna Hutchinson nke StudentsFirst, otu mgbanwe ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze K-12 nke Michelle Rhee, onye bụbu onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na Washington, DC, ugbu a si Sacramento, California, jụrụ ikwu. Otu mgbanwe mmụta na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nke Rhee na-azọrọ “iji gbachitere ọdịmma ụmụaka.” StudentsFirst na-arụ ọrụ na steeti 34 wee nata dollar ndị nyere onyinye a na-akpọghị aha iji mee nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, $ 4.6 nde na 2010-2011 maka mmemme 501 (c) (4) dị ka akwụkwọ IRS Form 990 gosipụtara. Otu ngbanwe Rhee yiri nke ERN. Ma ERN na StudentsFirst gosipụtara ọkwa IRS nke GOP master-strategist Karl Rove's Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies, bụkwa 501(c)(4) enweghị uru.
Rhee, lụrụ onye isi obodo Sacramento Kevin Johnson, ndị ha abụọ bụ ndị Democrats, bụkwa onye isi ụlọ ọrụ StudentFirst na-abụghị uru. Johnson bụ osote onye isi oche nke abụọ nke ọgbakọ ndị isi obodo US, osote onye isi oche nke National Conference of Black Mayors, na Onye isi oche nke odeakwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ US Arne Duncan's Education Reform Task Force. Johnson hiwere Stand Up for Sacramento Schools, otu ngbanwe ụlọ akwụkwọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, yana ego $500,000 sitere na Eli na Edythe Broad Foundation. EEBF “zụụrụ” Jonathan Raymond, onye nlekọta nke Sacramento City Unified School District, onye na-enweghị ahụmịhe nkuzi nkuzi tupu oge eruo, dịka Mayor Johnson si eme.
Johnson sonyeere Mayors Michael Hancock nke Denver; Angel Taveras nke Providence, Rhode Island; na Julián Castro nke San Antonio na njem ndị Mayors for Educational Excellence Tour nke malitere na Denver, Ọktoba 15, 2013. Ha dere, sị: “N'ịbụ ndị na-eche ihe isi ike dị n'ime ahụ ihu nke ilekọta ihe ịma aka nke mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ ise dị n'obodo ahụ, Sacramento hụrụ mkpa ọ dị ịdọta agụmakwụkwọ pụtara ìhè. omume. Ọfịs onye isi obodo nyere aka kpọkọta ma weta ndị otu mba a ma ama n'ime otu afọ, afọ City, Teach for America, StudentsFirst na College Track weputara saịtị n'ime obodo ahụ."
O doghị anya na "Sacramento" hụrụ mkpa ọ dị imeghari mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze K-12, n'adịghị ka ndị ọrụ enyemaka ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado ndị otu nkwado Johnson na Rhee. Onyinye enyemaka dị otú ahụ sitere na ọdịmma mba ụwa, gụnyere Broad, Gates na ntọala Walton. Ihe dị ka 100 kilomita ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ site na isi obodo California dị nso na Silicon Valley, Terry Moe nke Hoover Institution na Mahadum Stanford, bụ onye nkatọ ogologo oge maka ụlọ akwụkwọ K-12 ọha na eze, onye na-akwado maka ndị ọzọ dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ chata na akwụkwọ ego.
N'uche ya, ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze ọdịnala na-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ ozi. Moe kwuru, "Usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na-agbanwe mba na ụmụ anyị, ọkachasị ụmụaka dara ogbenye na ndị pere mpe." Ihe ngwọta ya bụ ngagharị iweta nhọrọ ụlọ akwụkwọ "iweta ọtụtụ nhọrọ dị mma (agụmakwụkwọ) dị elu nye ezinụlọ." Echiche nke nhọrọ agụmakwụkwọ karịa maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na ezinụlọ ha na-eyi egwu ụlọ akwụkwọ mpaghara na otu ndị ọrụ nkuzi, ka Moe siri kwuo. "Ha achọghị ka ego ma ọ bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ pụọ na mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha." Maka ya, ụlọ ahịa nwere ike inye ụmụ akwụkwọ na ezinụlọ ha (ndị na-azụ ihe mmụta) ohere mmụta na ihe onwunwe na-adịghị na usoro agụmakwụkwọ ọha nke K-12.
Ọ kwara arịrị n'afọ iri abụọ nke uto ụlọ akwụkwọ chata, ebutela naanị pasentị 5 nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na United States na-aga ha. (E mere atụmatụ na pasent 90 nke ụlọ akwụkwọ chata bụ n'efu, ozi ọma maka ndị were ọrụ nwere ike ịkwụ ndị nkuzi ụgwọ obere ụgwọ na-enweghị nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta.)
Moe na-ata ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke otu ndị ọrụ na mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ na-ahapụ ndị nkuzi ka ha pụọ na nko n'ihi obere arụpụta nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ha na ule a haziri ahazi. Dị ka ya si kwuo, ngwọta nke nsogbu a dị mfe. Ndị nkuzi K-12 chọrọ karọt na osisi iji bulie mmezu nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ha. O kwuru, sị: "Anyị kwesịrị ịkwụ ndị nkuzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ ezigbo ụgwọ ụgwọ ma kpochapụ ndị nkuzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọjọọ." Iji mezuo nke a, RTTTF na-ejikọta nyocha nke ndị nkuzi klas na ọganihu agụmakwụkwọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ma welite oke na mmeghe nke ụlọ akwụkwọ chata ọhụrụ. megide ndabere nke gọọmenti etiti, steeti, na atumatu mpaghara maka mgbanwe ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze K-12, ebumnobi azụmaahịa bụ isi nke nkwadebe ule Kaplan, Education Pearson, na McGraw-Hill Education bụ ịbawanye oke ahịa na uru. Ọ bụrụ na ha emeghị nke a, ndị asọmpi ga-emeri n'ọgụ nke ahịa. Iji zere mmeri, ụlọ ọrụ na-eji mmetụta, echiche na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nweta uru karịa ndị na-asọmpi.
N'aka nke ọzọ, mgbanwe ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze K-12 na-adabere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke ejiri dollar ndị nyere onyinye na-eto eto. Tulee mpụta na nso nso a nke iwu nne na nna na-akpalite, nke NCLB na-edeba aha ụlọ akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ala ebe akara ụmụ akwụkwọ na ule ahazi na-adakarị na NCLB 2014 ebumnuche nke 100 pasent.
Site na mbinye aka arịrịọ nke ọtụtụ ndị nne na nna n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị dị otú ahụ, ndị nne na nna nwere ike ịchịkwa agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ ha. N'ụzọ dị otu a, ndị nne na nna nwere ike ilekọta mmefu ego ụlọ akwụkwọ, ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ, ma nyefee ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ chatata ọrụ kwa ụbọchị. Ụlọ akwụkwọ Adelanto n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Los Angeles na California's Desert Mojave ghọrọ saịtị nke mba mbụ nne na nna na-ebute iwu na January 2010. Onye bụbu Senator California Gloria Romero, onye Democrat, onye kwadoro iwu nne na nna na-akpalite nke GOP Gọvanọ Arnold Schwarzenegger bịanyere aka na ya. Onye isi oche nke Golden State nke DFER. Ọ hapụrụ ọkwa ahụ iji malite Foundation for Parent Empowerment n'okpuru nche anwụ ERN.
Ụlọ ọrụ Heartland nke dabeere na Illinois, onye webụsaịtị ya na-ekwu na ọ chọrọ "ịchọpụta, ịzụlite, na ịkwalite ngwọta ahịa n'efu maka nsogbu mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke akụ na ụba," depụtara akara nke nne na nna na-akpali iwu ma nye ya ALEC. N'aka nke ya, ALEC mepụtara iwu nlereanya maka nne na nna na-akpali iwu ma kesaa ya n'ofe US
Dị ka CMD si kwuo, e nwere steeti iri na atọ nwere ụgwọ nlereanya maka iwu nne na nna na-akpalite site na ALEC na 13. Oklahoma bụ nanị steeti ebe ndị omeiwu kwadoro iwu dị otú ahụ. Site na ụlọ steeti ruo Pennsylvania Okporo ụzọ, ọdịmma nkeonwe dị n'elu mgbanwe ụlọ akwụkwọ K-2013 nke ọha. Ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ijeri dollar dị ka Pearson Education na-ebute ụzọ. Ịgbaso ụzọ ego ahụ nwere ike ikpughe ka ọ na-ejikọta na nhazi amụma agụmakwụkwọ. Z
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Seth Sandronsky bụ onye nta akụkọ sitere na Sacramento.
