Peb caug xyoo dhau los kuv tau muab ib tsab xov xwm rau phau ntawv xov xwm "Kev ywj pheej thiab xwm txheej" nrog lub npe
Kev ntseeg thiab โCov ntseegโ. Lub thesis ntawm tsab xov xwm yog hais tias nyob rau hauv tib neeg keeb kwm tsis muaj ib tug tib neeg puas tau
tiag tiag ntseeg Vajtswv los yog Vajtswv, li no tus
quotation marks ntawm lo lus ntseeg. Lawm, tib neeg muaj cai
ntseeg, kom muaj
kev ntseeg, los yog, zoo dua, rau
thov kom lawv ntseeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lwm tus neeg.
Yog li, siv kuv txoj cai kom muaj 'kev ntseeg', Kuv
ntseeg hais tias tib neeg yog ib ceg ntawm creatures peb hu ua apes. Cov ceg ntawm apes ze rau peb yog: lub
Chimpanzees (chimps, txij no mus) thiab
Bonobos. cov
bonobo tau tshawb pom nyob rau xyoo 1929. "Lub npe 'bonobo' tej zaum tau muab los ntawm kev sau tsis raug ntawm lub thawv xa khoom los ntawm
bolob, ib lub nroog ntawm tus dej Congoโ hauv Africa [Frans
de waal ua, "Peb Cov Txiv Neej Sab Hauv",
Riverhead Phau ntawv, 2006, p. 9].
Cov chimps ua phem thiab phem. Cov bonobo siab zoo thiab lawv nyiam kev sib deev rau kev ua phem.
[Nco ntsoov: Ib tug chimp, hauv Dutch Zoo, txiav txim siab los ua Tus Thawj Coj hauv nws lub zej zog. Ob tug lwm yam chimps, cov neeg sib tw, tawm tsam nws, qhib qhov me me hauv nws lub hnab scrotal thiab "squeezed" nws cov noob qes. Chimp tuag. (De waal ua43, 44, ib.).
Ob peb hnub dhau los, lub Peb Hlis 25, 2021, thoob plaws ntiaj teb muaj 'kev ua koob tsheej' ntawm 200 xyoo tom qab Greek liberation ntawm Turkish Empire nyob rau hauv 1821. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws 'heroes' ntawm 1821 kiv puag ncig yog.
Odysseas Androutsos, leej twg yog tus muaj zog thiab nrawm heev uas nws tau siv los sib tw nrog nees, zoo li Jesse Owens, tau khwv tau nyiaj, tom qab 1936 Hitler Olympics. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 5,1825, XNUMX, Greek cov nom tswv, cov cuab yeej ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb nyob sab Europe, txiav txim siab tua Odysseas, vim nws yog ib tus neeg sib tw rau lawv cov phiaj xwm. Nws raug kaw hauv tsev lojcuj ntawm Acropolis.
Tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm lub qhov rooj kaw
Kostas Kaladzis. Nws raug hloov nrog lwm tus tub rog, los ntawm plaub tus tub ceev xwm, uas tau mus xyuas lub tsev loj cuj tab sis paub tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim Kaladzis nkaum hauv qhov tsaus ntuj thiab ua tim khawv txog cov xwm txheej tom qab. Nws cov lus: โKuv hnov โโlub suab quaj, lub suab quaj, thiab lub suab quaj ntawm tus tsov ntxhuav thiab kuv lub siab tawg. Thiab tom qab ntawd ua tiav silence. " (
Konstantinos Kleftodemos, 'Roomeliotes
Agonistes XLIV, 1821, 1988, p. 49, hauv Greek).
Kaladzis tsis pom li cas
Androutsos raug tua. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm yog tias
Androutsos raug tua thaum sim khiav tawm ntawm lub tsev loj cuj Acropolis nrog txoj hlua. Nws raug tua los ntawm ib tug neeg muab nws cov noob qes rau ntawm Acropolis.
End of Note]
Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem hais, tseem, txawm tias peb cov poj koob yawm txwv muab los ntawm chimps lossis
bonobo. Yog hais tias kuv twv, kuv xav hais tias peb ib txhia muab los ntawm chimps thiab ib txhia ntawm peb muab los ntawm
bonobo. Muab qhov chimps thiab
bonobo nyob rau tib ' haiv neeg'. Tiag tiag cov
bonobo tau
tus yam ntxwv raws li pygmy chimps, vim lawv me dua chimps.
Yog li ntawd yog tias peb koom nrog ceg ntawm apes yog vim li cas peb hu peb tus kheej tib neeg ? Vim li cas kuv thiaj tau qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem siab tias cov lus hais hauv qab no yog txoj kev cawm seej ntawm tib neeg?
[Ceeb Toom: Hmoob lo lus
calisthenics yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm lo lus
kal zos thiab lo lus
stenos. Kalos txhais tau tias 'zoo nkauj' thiab
stthePeb txhais tau tias 'lub zog'
. Anthropos txhais tau tias tib neeg, raws li nyob rau hauv anthropology.
End of Note]
Cov lus hais:
Os kalos ee o anthropos ee anthropos ee-ee
Zoo nkauj npaum li cas yog tib neeg nws yog
Puas yog Plato uas hais li ntawd?
[Ceeb Toom: Txawm hais tias peb lub hauv paus chiv keeb yog ntau 'qhov nyuaj' dua li ib qho ncaj nraim los ntawm chimps thiab bonobos qhov tsis txaus ntseeg muaj tshwm sim: Peb lub neej, hmoov tsis zoo, txuas nrog lub qhov rooj tom ntej Trump. Los yog, hmoov zoo, txuas nrog lub qhov rooj tom ntej Murray (saib hauv qab). Yog li tshwj tsis yog peb 'sib ntsib' peb lub qhov rooj tom ntej Murray, Noam, Lucy Parsons thiab Emma Goldman, peb yuav tsis tuaj yeem ntsib peb lub qhov rooj tom ntej Trumps, Bolsonaros, Erdogans thiab Thatchers.
End of Note]
Qhov xaus uas peb ncav cuag apes, yog hais tias saum toj no tuav, yog hais tias Turks thiab Greeks (los yog Germans thiab Fabkis) nyob rau hauv lawv cov tub ntxhais ( puab) 'qauv' yog zoo tib yam. Txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm tib neeg yog vim 'narture', uas yog ib puag ncig thiab keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, yog vim li cas kev tsov kev rog, kev tua neeg, thiab lwm yam? Hnub no (Lub Peb Hlis 26, 2021) hauv George Orwell's Burma (Myanmar) "cov tub rog (yog) tua neeg pej xeem" (The NY Times).Vim li cas cov Hitlers, Trumps, cov Erdogans, cov Thatchers, thiab lwm yam?
Muaj peb lub hauv paus yog vim li cas: lub
Nroog, lub
thawj coj thiab
Kev cai dab qhuas!
Lub Nroog
Nyob rau lub hli no Scientific American, ntawm March, 2021, nyob rau nplooj 62, muaj ib tsab xov xwm los ntawm Annalee Newitz nrog lub npe "Lub Keeb Kwm Ntawm Lub Tsev". Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj rau ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrhiav pom hauv tib neeg keeb kwm: Catalhoyuk (Atalhรถyรผk, pronounced Chaw-tahl-hwb-yook hauv Turkish, txhais tau tias 'forked mound'). Catalhoyuk yog 'lub nroog' txog "34 ev kawj" loj, nrog cov pej xeem tsawg kawg yog 6,000 tus neeg, ua tau li 9,000 xyoo dhau los nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm hnub no Turkey. Niaj hnub no txhua yam uas tshuav ntawm lub nroog ntawd yog lub hauv paus ntawm nws tej tsev. Lub nroog tau nyob los ntawm cov neeg "rau yuav luag" 2,000 xyoo.
Nyob rau hauv 1987 Murray Phau ntawv (1921- 2006), uas muaj nuj nqis (American) 'tib neeg', tau sau ib phau ntawv, "The Rise of Urbanization and the Decline of Citizenship", luam tawm los ntawm 'Sierra Club Books' (!), ntawm San Francisco.
[Ceeb Toom: Lo lus 'precious' yog siv los ntawm lo lus ib txwm 'Great', raws li nws yuav tsum tau siv rau lwm tus 'precious' (American) tib neeg Noam Chomsky thiab rau tag nrho lwm cov 'precious' tib neeg li lawv. Cia lo lus 'Great' siv rau tib neeg xws li 'Alexander the Great', tus tub hluas, uas siv los ua tub txib, dab tsi nws, kev sim siab, hu ua 'Greek', tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Athenians, tua neeg thiab rhuav tshem. Raws li Noam, peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov xyoo tshiab no nws hais kom muab qib kev phom sij rau kev kawg ntawm tib neeg li: 1. cov Nukes thiab 2. lub CO2. End of Note]
Rov qab mus rau Murray:
murey sau tias: โโฆ cov neeg nyob hauv nroog (ntawm Catalhoyuk) tau tawm tsam matricentric nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev taw qhia. " (Ib yam dab tsi Donald Trump pom zoo tag nrho lub siab lub ntsws.), Tsis tas li ntawd, "ua tib zoo saib zoo li tau muab rau kev saib xyuas ntawm cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam mos hauv qhov ntxa sib koom ua ke, suav tias yog leej niam thiab cov me nyuam, ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tsis nyob hauv cov txiv neej faus." cov Kev American kab lus hais tias; "Cov neeg tau faus lawv tus hlub hauv qab cov plag tsev" tshwj xeeb hauv qab lawv lub txaj, "tej zaum yog ib txoj hauv kev kom lawv nyob ze." Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws sau tias: "Tsis muaj hierarchy thiab kev ua tsov ua rog zoo li yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub nroog txoj kev noj qab haus huv". Tsis tas li ntawd, hais tias "lub nroog tau ncaj ncees egalitarian". Thiab dab tsi yog qhov txawv txav, rau tib neeg lub neej: "Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tuag hnyav ntawm ntau pua lub cev pob txha raug tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb" !
Thaum kawg, Murray sau tias: "(T) nws txoj kev hloov ntawm pawg neeg mus rau lub nroog tsis yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev lag luam uas peb cov neeg Asmeskas cov neeg Euro-American foist rau prehistory thiab keeb kwm ... (p. 20)". Nws hais ntxiv tias: โโฆ nws yog lub nroog thaum ntxov tsim kom tau raws li kev coj noj coj ua es tsis yog kev lag luam nruj lossis kev tiv thaiv kev xav tau. (nqe 21)โ. Los ntawm kab lis kev cai Murray txhais tau hais tias "quasireligeous" kev ua uas txawm tias niaj hnub no tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub neej, piv txwv li ntawm thawj lub Tsib Hlis niam. Kuv tsis nco qab tias yog dab tsi, uas kuv niam tau hais rau kuv. [Txog tiag tiag kev ntseeg saib hauv qab]
Peb txhua tus paub tias.Qhov tsim los ntawm peb ntawm 'dab', lub nroog ntawm 20 lab tus tib neeg, txawm lub nroog ntawm ib lab tus tib neeg, tab tom rhuav tshem peb thiab lub ntiaj teb. Puas muaj kev daws teeb meem? Yog lawm! Lub "Main Street" ntawm Sinclair Lewis, lub Catalhoyuk ntawm peb lub sijhawm! Cov lub zos me me ntawm America. Muaj twb muaj cov noob ntawm xws li kev daws. Piv txwv li 3-ntim ua haujlwm ntawm 1975, 1977, thiab 1979 (Oxford University Press) los ntawm Christofer Alexander, tus xibfwb ntawm Architecture ntawm University of California Berkeley.
Qhov no puas yog Utopian? Tsis muaj! Qhov teeb meem ntawm yore yog kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib txuas lus ntawm lub cev ntawm cov nroog me. Tus 'tus lej' tau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Txoj kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub cev sib txuas lus twb muaj lawm! Nws yog tus "lub teeb rail'. Tus neeg nyeem tuaj yeem pom qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus no hauv cov ntawv ntawm ib tsab xov xwm los ntawm Jonathan Kwitny, โThe Great Transportation Conspiracyโ, hauv Harper's magazine ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 1981, nplooj 14-21. Ntxiv thiab, nws yog luag hauj lwm ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Thauj Khoom ntawm US National Research Council, nrog rau American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) kom coj rov qab lub log hlau ntawm steel rail thiab lees tias lub tsheb thiab txoj kev loj tsis yog kev xaiv kev puas tsuaj xwb tab sis ib qho ua txhaum cai. raws li kev pov thawj hauv Chicago sim xyoo 1949.
Raws li rau social zoo ntawm lub Txoj Kev Main ntawm 2021, piv rau xyoo 1920 ntawm Sinclair Lewis lub sijhawm, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li kev xav thiab ncaj ncees raws li peb cov chimp lossis bonobo cov hauv paus hniav tso cai thiab zoo dua.
Tus Thawj Coj
Kev tsom xam ntawm inexplicable social teeb meem ntawm lub thawj coj yog redundant, ib daim ntawv teev cov thawj coj tsis ntev los no txaus:
Teddy Roosevelt, De Gaulle, Churchill, Lub Bushes, Erdogan, ntau yam German Chancellors, Pinochet, Peron, Stalin, Tito, Bolsonaro, Blair (tus 'poodle'), Thatcher ... thiab thaum kawg Donald.
Kev cai dab qhuas
Tom qab Catalhoyuk era ntawm 9,000 xyoo BC mus rau tej zaum Mesopotamia nyob ib ncig ntawm 5,000 BC, pom ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv 'zoo' ntawm kev ntseeg los ntawm lub benign thiab calm ib tug ntawm Catalhoyuk mus rau ib tug txhoj puab heev thiab 'politicized' kev ntseeg uas muaj mus txog rau peb lub sij hawm. Ib txoj kev ntseeg uas muaj txoj cai ntawd hais kuv sau peb txoj kev ua neej, dhau ntawm "Cov Lus Cog Tseg", uas peb paub los ntawm kev xav, Qhov ntawd xav tau ntau dhau 'militaristic' tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws cov thwjtim, Qhov ntawd muaj qhov tseeb tiag economic foundation li 'corporation' nrog nws tus kheej lub tsev txhab nyiaj. Uas, raws li cov lus tim khawv ntawm ib tug American seminarian: rau ntawm kaum seminarians koom kev cai dab qhuas 'cov neeg' rau kev sib deev vim li cas. (Piv txwv li cov pov thawj uas tsis zoo nyob hauv lub nroog German ntawm Regensburg, uas tau raping cov me nyuam hauv lub nroog tau ntau xyoo lawm, thaum lawv niam lawv txiv tsis kam tawm tsam). US Thawj Tswj Hwm yuav tsum tau txais tso cai los ntawm kev ntseeg official los ua Thawj Tswj Hwm. (Cov lus Greek zoo sib xws yog ntau dua. Tag nrho 'tub rog' ntawm cov nom tswv yuav tsum tau txais tso cai los ntawm txog kaum kaum tus pov thawj hauv lub tsev ntawm Greek Parliament, tshwj tsis yog cov Commies thiab rau lwm cov Leftists!). Tab sis qhov phem tshaj yog ib feem loj ntawm tib neeg yuav tsum succumb rau kev ntseeg, tsuas yog kom ciaj sia.
Qhov cuab yeej muaj zog heev ntawm Kev Ntseeg yog siv los ntawm Trumps ntawm lub ntiaj teb rau lawv tus kheej cov txiaj ntsig. Ntawm lub buckle ntawm txoj siv ntawm Nazi cov tub rog ntawm Hitler angraved yog cov lus: Gott Mit Uns (Vajtswv [yog] Nrog Peb).
Ntawm peb qhov 'root easons' saum toj no, qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws los hloov yog 'Lub Nroog". nws yuav, tej zaum, yuav siv sij hawm ib nrab xyoo los ua kom tiav [Saib kuv ZNet cov lus tawm tswv yim hu ua " Ntawm Pyramids thiab Skyscrapers" ntawm lub Cuaj Hli 30, 2001.
Turks
Ece Temelkuran yog ib qho ntawm Turkey tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg tawm tswv yim txog nom tswv. Nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub Milliyet ntawv xov xwm tom qab thuam tsoomfwv Turkish. Hauv nws phau ntawv โTurkey the Insane and the Melancholyโ (Zed books, 2015), nyob rau nplooj 7 nws sau tias: โโฆ yog tias (ib daim) khob cij pom nyob rau hauv av, nws yuav tsum tau hnia peb zaug thiab muab tso rau ntawm ib lub ncuav. tus kheej siab."
Xyoo 1939 kuv muaj cuaj xyoos. Muaj ib hnub kuv tau pib ntawm txoj kev "Mytilinis", tib txoj kev uas muaj asphalt pavement, ze rau kuv lub tsev, thaum lub sijhawm. Nyob rau ntawm txoj kev, muaj ib daim mov ci. Kuv khaws nws, hnia nws ib zaug, thiab kuv pib zoo li vwm sim nrhiav qhov chaw nyab xeeb los muab cov khob cij.Muaj ib phab ntsa masonry cais ib qho chaw seem ntawm txoj kev txog 5 feet siab ua nrog cov av nplaum yooj yim li mortar, uas tau huab cua mus rau qhov taw tes uas. muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm cov pob zeb. Kuv sim muab nws tso rau ntawd tab sis ua tsis tau tiav, kuv thiaj li tau muab nws tso rau saum phab ntsa. Kuv niam yog ib tug poj niam Greek heev (!) thiab kuv txiv yog ib tug ntseeg Greek thiab hlub neeg Greek heev.
Mytilini yog lwm lub npe rau Island of Lesbos, ntawm poetic koob meej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog lub npe ntawm lub nroog peev ntawm cov kob.
Txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm Turks thiab Greeks kuv tau xaiv los xa mus rau Turkish serial "Karadayi". (Qhov no, hauv Part 2)
ZNetwork tau txais nyiaj tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua siab zoo ntawm nws cov neeg nyeem.
Pab Nyiaj