KA POAHA 19 SEP 2013 11:16 PM
Ma waho o nā Kaʻa: Pehea ka nele o ka nānā ʻana i hoʻopaʻi ʻia iā Lac-Megantic
BY ROGER BYBEE
Nānā ka poʻe kinai ahi i ka ʻāhaʻi ʻana o kahi moku ukana e lawe ana i ka ʻaila maʻemaʻe i hele i loko o Lac-Megantic, Quebec. (François Laplante-Delagrave / AFP / Getty)
I ka wā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai kahi kaʻaahi holo i ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi ʻo Quebec ʻo Lac-Megantic i Iulai, e hoʻopau ana i ke kikowaena o ke kūlanakauhale a make 47 poʻe, ua hōʻailona paha ia i ka hopena o ka laina no ka pilikia.kumu hoʻohālike e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa kālā ka mea i hoʻonanea i nā ʻoihana a me nā luna aupuni ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ka honua.
ʻO ka mea kākoʻo nui o kēia laissez-faire template no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka loaʻa kālā me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai mālama, ke kūʻē ʻana i nā lula palekana, a me ka hakakā ʻana i nā uniona a me nā limahana kūpono, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO Edward Burkhardt, mea nona ka ʻO Montréal, Maine, a me ʻAkelanika (MM&A) kaʻaahi nona ke kaʻaahi i hoʻopau iā Lac-Megantic i kēia kauwela.
Burkhardt—ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻoihana makua o MM&A, ʻo Illinois Rail World Inc., nāna e hoʻomalu i nā laina kaʻaahi ma ʻAmelika a me Polani ma waho aʻe o kekahi mau haneli mau mile o ke ala MM&A ma Kanada—he paionia ia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea hiki ke loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā o ke kaʻa kaʻa i hoʻolako ʻia e ka ʻO Staggers Rail Act o 1980. Ua ʻae ke kānāwai i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻoihana paʻa kaʻa ʻole e nā hui kaʻaahi, a laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i ke kumu no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea "hou" i nā laina kaʻa e wāwahi i nā ʻaelike uniona.
ʻO Burkhardt kekahi o nā mea mua e hoʻohana i kēia puka ma ke Kānāwai Staggers e hoʻāʻo e hoʻopau i nā uniona kaʻaahi, ka mea i maʻalahi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ke alahele a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka nui o nā hui kaʻa i ka liʻiliʻi. Ua lōʻihi ka manawa e koi ana ʻo Burkhardt i nā hui kanaka hoʻokahi a me nā kaʻaahi i alakaʻi ʻia e ka lekiō.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻolimalima keia alahele i ka makahiki 1980 me ka Wisconsin Central Railroad, e kūʻē ikaika ana i nā hana unionization a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai mālama ma ka liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana i 2,700 mau mile o ke ala ʻo Soo Line, ua hoʻohana ʻo Burkhardt i ka Wisconsin Central Railroad i kūkulu hou ʻia e hoʻohana i kāna kumu hoʻohālike o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka loaʻa kālā: hakakā ʻana i ka hui ʻana, ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻauwaʻa a me ka mālama ʻana i ke ala.
E like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka mea i kapa ʻia "kumu kūʻai kūʻokoʻa” i aʻa i waena o nā alakaʻi ʻoihana a me nā elite media ma ka honua ʻōlelo Pelekania, ua loaʻa iā Burkhardt nā manawa hou aʻe no ka loaʻa kālā ʻoiai ʻoiai ua pilikia ka inoa o kāna ʻoihana.
"ʻO Wisconsin Central - ka mea i hoʻohana pono i ka privatization no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hana kaʻaahi ma nā ʻāina e like me Beretania, Australia a me New Zealand. he mooolelo palekana pilikia, "i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Philip Mattera, Luna Hoʻokele a me ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka Papahana Noiʻi Hui ma Nā Hana Maikaʻi Mua.
Akā ʻoiai he mau pōʻino kokoke loa ma Wisconsin Central, ua hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o ka mana o Burkhardt. Ma hope o ke koho ʻia ʻana ʻo "Railroader of the Year" ma 1999 e Makahiki Kaaahi puke, ua hoʻonui ʻia kona aupuni kaʻaahi a puni ka honua. ʻO ka World Bank, kaulana no ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kulekele e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ana i ka waiwai ma mua o nā pono o ke kanaka, ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻo ia iā ia ma ke ʻano he kūkākūkā no kā lākou pro-privatization maneuvers, a laila poni ʻia ʻo ia i poʻo o nā ala kaʻa privatized ma Estonia a me Polani a me ka Honorary Consul for New. ʻO Zealand ma Kikako.
He pilikia e ulu ana
ʻO nā koina pilikanaka—no ke olakino kaiāulu a me nā kūlana ola a me ka palekana o nā limahana—ʻo ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka ʻoki kumu kūʻai a Burkhardt i mālama ʻole ʻia e kāna poʻe mahalo ʻoiai nā pōʻino weliweli i nā makahiki 1990 i hōʻike mua i ka pōʻino Lac-Megantic. Ma Malaki 4, 1996, he kaaahi i piha i ka aila ma Weyauwega, Ua hoʻā ʻo Wis. i ke ahi i ʻā no ʻelua pule a hoʻokuʻu aku i 3,000 mau kānaka mai ko lākou mau home. ʻO nā hana wale nō a ke alakaʻi, nāna i wehe i nā kaʻa e lawe ana i nā kemika a me ka propane, pale i ke ahi mai laha loa aku. He ʻāpana ʻo ia o kahi hui ʻelua kanaka-i ka manawa i hoʻāʻo ai kekahi mau hui kaʻaahi, me Wisconsin Central, me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā hui holoʻokoʻa i nā lālā hoʻokahi.
I ka makahiki aʻe, he wili ma Fond du Lac ua pepehi i ʻelua mau limahana i ka wā i haʻalele ai kahi kaʻaahi ukana ʻo Wisconsin Central mai ke ala a hāʻule i loko o kahi hale hana.
Wahi a Craig Peachy, ka luna kānāwai no ka Wisconsin Transportation Division o ka Huina o na Paahana Pepa, Ea, Kaaahi & Kaa (SMART), ʻaʻohe limahana a me ka mālama maikaʻi ʻole i alakaʻi i nā ulia ʻelua.
ʻO ka papa inoa o nā ulia pōpilikia i hoʻoneʻe i nā luna kānāwai Repubalika conservative. ʻO nā hana a Wisconsin Central i koi aku iā Rep. Gov. Tommy Thompson e kau inoa i ka bila i ka makahiki 1997 e kauoha ana i na luina elua kanaka. "Manaʻo wau ʻo ia wale nō ke kānāwai e kauoha ana i nā pūʻali koa ʻelua i ka lāhui," wahi a Peachy In These Times.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke kānāwai i kū ʻole i ke kumukānāwai e nā luna kānāwai federal, ka mea i hoʻoholo e koi ʻia ka Interstate Commerce Act i ka nui o nā luina e hoʻohālikelike like ʻia ma nā mokuʻāina āpau.
ʻO Montreal, Maine, a me ka ʻAkelanika ka emi ʻana
ʻO ke kūʻai ʻana o Burkhardt i ka MM&A i ka makahiki 2003, a laila e kū ana i nā pilikia kālā, ua alakaʻi ʻia ma kāna ʻano maʻamau: ma ke kaomi ʻana. Kaikunāne o nā Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen nā lālā uniona e ʻae ʻoki uku ma waena o 25 a 40 pakeneka. I ka ʻōlelo ʻana e ʻimi ana ʻo ia e "hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana a me ka pono," ʻimi pū ʻo Burkhardt i ka makahiki 2010 e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka hui o MM&A mai ʻelua mau limahana i hoʻokahi.
ʻO kēlā hana i alakaʻi ai i ka ʻenehana loea ʻo Jarod Briggs e haʻalele iā MM&A. Ua haʻiʻo ia i ʻO Toronto Star, "Inā ʻelua kāu e nānā nei, hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i kahi kuhi. ʻO ka ʻoki, ʻoki, ʻokiʻoki. He laʻana wale nō ia o ka waiho ʻana i nā waiwai o ka ʻoihana ma mua o ka palekana o ka lehulehu.
ʻO MM&A nō hoʻi ʻaʻole he mau pūʻali maʻamau nona ponoʻī e mālama i kāna mau ala, e hilinaʻi ana ma luna o nā mea ʻaelike, haʻi aku ʻo James Stem o SMART. In These Times.
Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia kēia mau hana hoʻemi koʻikoʻi i ka hopena pōʻino i ka palekana. Wahi a ka Toronto Globe & Mail, Ua hōʻike ʻo MM&A i nā pōʻino hou aʻe ma mua o 93% o nā laina kaʻa liʻiliʻi 288 ma waena o 2009 a me 2012. ʻO ka ulia ma Lac-Megantic wale nō ka pōʻino hou loa.
ʻO Roy LaFontaine, he mea hana ʻaelike Lac-Megantic i hana pinepine no MM&A e hana i ka hana mālama. i haʻi aku i nā mea hoʻolaha kūloko ua hoʻololi ʻia nā ala i hoʻokahi haneli i hala. ʻO LaFontaine, ka mea i loaʻa i ka nalowale o kāna keikikāne, ʻelua mau hūnōna wahine, a me kahi limahana i ka pahū ʻana a me ke ahi o Iulai, ua haʻi ʻo ia i nā hanana e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wahie a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wahie ma hope o ka haʻalele pinepine ʻana o MM&A i nā ala me ka mālama ʻole ʻana.
He Papa Palekana Kaʻahele piha piha o Kanada ʻike ʻO ka mea i hoʻomaka ai ka pōʻino Lac-Megantic, akā ʻike ʻia kekahi hemahema o ka mālama ʻana ʻo ia ka mea hewa. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo MM&A i 72 mau kaʻa pahu i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka ʻaila ma kahi ʻaoʻao ʻehiku mau mile mai Lac-Megantic, i paʻa ʻia e nā kaʻa ea o ka locomotive. E like me ke kulekele MM&A, ua mālama ka ʻenekinia o ke kaʻaahi i ka holo ʻana o ka ʻenekini no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana o nā kaʻa ma ke ʻano he palekana a laila haʻalele i ke kaʻaahi me ka mālama ʻole ʻia, he ʻāpana pū kekahi o nā kaʻina hana MM&A.
Akā, i ka wā i pau ai ka locomotive i ke ahi, ua kāhea ʻia nā mea puhi ahi manawaleʻa kūloko a me nā limahana MM&A i ke kahua i hoʻoholo ai e pani i ka mīkini o ka locomotive e hōʻemi i ka hiki ʻana o ke ahi e laha a pahū paha. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻenekini i hoʻonāwaliwali i ka paʻa o nā kaʻa. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o kekahi limahana MM&A e nānā i ke kūlana-e like me ke kulekele ʻoihana me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai-ʻo ka hopena, ua ʻōwili ke kaʻaahi unmanned, kūkulu i ka manawa a hiki i ka wikiwiki o 63 mau mile i ka hola i kona iho ʻana i lalo i ke kaona o Lac-Megantic. i piha i ka po Poaono.
Ua hoʻololi koke ka pōʻino i ka Burkhardt mai ka moʻolelo ʻoihana kaʻaahi i loko ʻO ke kanaka hewa nui o Kanada. ʻEhā lā lohi o Burkhardt i ke kipa ʻana i ka pūnaewele Lac-Megantic haʻalulu nā kamaʻāina ka mea i nalowale nā hoaaloha a me nā ʻohana i loko o ke kaiāulu pili o 6,000. Burkhardt ia manawa hoʻonui i ka huhū lehulehu ma ka ho'āʻo mua e hoʻopiʻi i nā mea puhi ahi manawaleʻa, a laila e hīmeni ana i ka ʻenekinia no ka manaʻo ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho pono i nā kaʻaahi ma ke kaʻaahi manuahi ʻole. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka pelekikena o Transportation Safety Canada haʻi iā NPR, ʻaʻole paha e hewa ka mea hoʻohana hoʻokahi no ka ulia.
ʻO nā poho kupanaha ma Lac-Megantic ua hoʻāla ʻia ka hopena ikaika e nā luna aupuni, ka media, a me nā hui kamaʻāina e kūʻē i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā alahao. Ua piʻi aʻe ka manaʻo elite ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka loaʻa kālā a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka palekana me ka lapalapa o Lac-Megantic.
Ua hoʻomālamalama pū lākou i ka bma o na alahao ma na wahi kanaka. ʻO kaʻailaʻaila, unuhiʻia ma o "fracking" pōʻino kaiapuni a laila lawe ʻia e nā kaʻa kaʻa a puni ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ua ʻike ʻia he ʻano kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā mea hoʻohuihui organik. ʻO ke kaʻaahi i pahū ma Lac-Megantic e halihali ana i kēia ukana make.
Akā i hoʻomaka mua ʻia e ka pōʻino Lac-Megantic a hoʻoulu hou ʻia e ka haʻaheo o Burkhardt, ua kūkulu ʻia ka manawa ma Kanada a me ʻAmelika no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kūlana o nā poʻe ʻelua kanaka a nānā hou i ka palekana o ke kaʻaahi. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokau ke aupuni Kanada - ʻike i ka hoʻopiʻi ākea ākea he moratorium e papa ana i na ohua hookahi kanaka ma na kaaahi ka lawe ʻana i nā ukana pōʻino e like me ka ʻaila. No kāna ʻāpana, ua loaʻa i ka US Federal Railway Administration hoopuka i na rula hou e koi ana i nā kaʻa kaʻa i loaʻa nā mea pōʻino e pono ke hele i nā manawa a pau.
Eia kekahi, ʻo Maine Lunamakaʻāinana Mike Michaud, he kanaka kākoʻo paʻa i ka holomua. hoʻokomo i nā kānāwai ma hope o nā mea weliweli a Lac-Megantic e pāpā loa i nā luina kanaka hoʻokahi. Kūʻē ʻia ka ʻoihana kaʻaahi, me ke ʻano he mea pono ʻole e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i nā hana ma mua o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana. E like me kā Burkhardt i wehewehe ai i ka Portland Press Herald, he kanaka hoʻokahi ohua maoli ʻoi aku ka palekana no ka mea e hoʻopau ana i ka hele ʻana o kekahi kanaka.
Ua kūʻē ka ʻōlelo a Michaud ʻo Ed Gilman ma ke koʻikoʻi i ka pono e hoʻoponopono i nā pōʻino maopopo i ka palekana o ka lehulehu. "Ke manaʻolana nei mākou e nānā hou aku i ka pono e hoʻonui i ka palekana," wahi āna. "ʻO ia ke kumu i noi ai ka congressman i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka palekana o ke kaʻaahi, me ka nānā ʻana i nā pilikia kikoʻī e like me ka nui o ka hui, ka hoʻolālā kaʻa kaʻa, a me nā koi ʻinikua."
ʻIke ʻo Gilman lāua ʻo SMART's James Stem i ka hiki ke kākoʻo ʻelua ʻāpana ʻoiai i loko o kahi Congress polarized kahi i hana ʻia ai nā Republicans i ka ʻoihana nui. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Stem, "Ke manaʻo nei mākou he nui nā kākoʻo Repubalika a ʻo ka mea kākoʻo mua ʻo Congressman Michaud e hana pū ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau Repubalika ma ka bila."
"ʻO ka palekana o ka lehulehu," i hoʻomau ai ʻo ia, "ʻaʻole ia he pilikia pili."
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kānāwai like ma Kanada, kahi o ka New Democratic Party e kāhea ana i ka liʻiliʻi loa o ʻelua mau ohua ma nā kaʻaahi e lawe ana i nā waiwai pōʻino, a me ka manawa palena no ka hoʻomaha ʻana i nā kaʻa pahu DOT-111 i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia, ke kumu hoʻohālike i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kaʻaahi MM&A. lala aoao a me ʻO Olivia Chow ka loio Kanada e ʻike pū nā kaona i ka wā a me kahi e holo ai nā waiwai pōʻino ma ke kaʻaahi ma ko lākou mau kūlanakauhale.
E like me ka Papa Palekana Kaʻahele o Canada ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ka pō weliweli o Iulai 6 i loko o Lac-Megantic wehe ʻia a ʻike hou ʻia e pili ana i nā hana o ka ʻoihana kaʻaahi, kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa lōʻihi e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa i ka loaʻa kālā nui loa-me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ke olakino lehulehu a i ʻole ka palekana o nā limahana. palena palena.
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