(Prefatory Note: Posted here is a Joint Declaration of international law experts from around the world who are listed below as endorsers. I am among the endorsers, and the text was initially drafted by several international law scholars. We welcome additional signatures that can be sent to me in the comments section, with affiliation noted for identification, and names will be periodically added to the text. I view this as an important expression of professional judgment and individual conscience relating to Israeli behavior in Gaza commencing on 8 July that has already taken so many innocent lives and caused such widespread devastation. Please join us and spread the word!)
Pono ka International Community e hoʻopau i ka hoʻopaʻi hui ʻana o ka ʻIseraʻela i ka lehulehu kanaka ma Gaza Strip
As international and criminal law scholars, human rights defenders, legal experts and individuals who firmly believe in the rule of law and in the necessity for its respect in times of peace and more so in times of war, we feel the intellectual and moral duty to denounce the grave violations, mystification and disrespect of the most basic principles of the laws of armed conflict and of the fundamental human rights of the entire Palestinian population committed during the ongoing Israeli offensive on the Gaza Strip. We also condemn the launch of rockets from the Gaza Strip, as every indiscriminate attack against civilians, regardless of the identity of the perpetrators, is not only illegal under international law but also morally intolerable. However, as also implicitly noted by the UN Human Rights Council in its Resolution of the 23th July 2014, the two parties to the conflict cannot be considered equal, and their actions – once again – appear to be of incomparable magnitude.
Eia hou, ʻo ia ka heluna kanaka kīwila ʻole, ʻo ka 'poʻe i pale ʻia ma lalo o ke kānāwai kanaka kanaka honua (IHL), aia i ka maka o ka ʻino. Ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka heluna kanaka kīwila o Gaza ma ka inoa o ke kuleana hoʻopunipuni e pale aku iā ia iho, i waena o ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana ʻino i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia i mua o ke kaiāulu holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Operation Protective Edge i hū ʻia i ka wā o kahi hakakā kaua e hoʻomau nei, i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o kahi ʻoihana hakakā lōʻihi i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1967. I ka wā o kēia hakakā e hoʻomau nei, ua pepehi ʻia a hōʻeha ʻia nā tausani o Palestinians ma Gaza Strip i ka wā e hoʻomau a ʻike ʻia. ʻO nā manawa 'hoʻopau kaua' mai ka makahiki 2005, ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻIseraʻela mai Gaza Strip. ʻAʻole pono e mālama ʻia nā make i hana ʻia e ka ʻIseraʻela i ka Gaza Strip ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana o ka hakakā.
Wahi a nā kumu UN, over the last two weeks, nearly 800 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed and more than 4,000 injured, of whom the vast majority were civilians. Several independent sources indicate that only 15 per cent of the casualties were combatants. Entire families have been murdered. Hospitals, clinics, as well as a rehabilitation centre for disabled persons have been targeted and severely damaged. During one single day, on Sunday 20th ʻO Iulai, ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau kānaka kīwila Palestinian i pepehi ʻia ma Shugaʻiya, kahi kaiāulu o Gaza City. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā hana hoʻokahe koko a ʻoi loa i alakaʻi ʻia e ka ʻIseraʻela ma Gaza Strip, kahi ʻano o ka hoʻomāinoino i ke kūlanakauhale e hōʻike nei i ka mahalo ʻole ʻana i ka hala ʻole kīwila. ʻO ka mea kaumaha, ua ukali ʻia kēia i ʻelua mau lā ma hope mai e ka hoʻouka kaua like ʻana ma Khuzaʻa, Hikina o Khan Younis.
Eia hou, ua hoʻopau nui ka hana ʻino i nā hale a me nā ʻoihana: e like me ka UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hale 3,300 i manaʻo ʻia i ko lākou luku ʻana a i ʻole ka pōʻino nui.
E like me ka hoʻohewa ʻia e ka UN Fact-Finding Mission (FFM) ma ka hakakā ʻo Gaza ma hope o ka 'Operation Cast Lead' a ʻIseraʻela ma 2008-2009: "ʻOiai ua ʻimi ke Aupuni ʻIseraʻela e hōʻike i kāna mau hana ma ke ʻano he pane i ka hoʻouka kaua ma ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kona kuleana i ka pale ʻana iā ia iho, ua manaʻo ka Misiona ua kuhikuhi ʻia ke kumumanaʻo, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, ma kahi pahuhopu ʻē aʻe: ʻO ka poʻe o Gaza holoʻokoʻa "(A/HRC/12/48, par. 1680) . Hiki ke ʻōlelo like ʻia no ka ʻIseraʻela i kēia manawa.
The civilian population in the Gaza Strip is under direct attack and many are forced to leave their homes. What was already a refugee and humanitarian crisis has worsened with a new wave of mass displacement of civilians: the number of IDPs has reached nearly 150,000, many of whom have obtained shelter in overcrowded UNRWA schools, which unfortunately are no safe areas as demonstrated by the repeated attacks on the UNRWA school in Beit Hanoun. Everyone in Gaza is traumatized and living in a state of constant terror. This result is intentional, as Israel is again relying on the ‘Dahiya ke aʻo', ka mea i manaʻo e hoʻihoʻi i ka ikaika disproportionate e hoʻokau i ka ʻeha i ka heluna kanaka kīwila i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka politika (e hoʻoikaika i ke Aupuni Hamas) ma mua o nā pahuhopu koa.
I ka hana ʻana pēlā, ua hōʻole pinepine ʻo ʻIseraʻela i ke kānāwai o ka hakakā kaua, kahi e hoʻokumu ai i nā mea hakakā a me nā pahuhopu pūʻali koa. 'o ia hoʻi 'O kēlā mau mea ma ko lākou 'ano, kahi, kumu a ho'ohana paha i mea kōkua maika'i i ka hana pū'ali koa a nona ka luku nui a hapa paha, hopu a ho'oku'u 'ia paha, i nā kūlana e noho ali'i ana i ia manawa, ke hā'awi nei i ka pono pū'ali koa.' ʻAʻole i ʻae ʻia ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka pūʻali koa i nā pōkā nui ma Gaza a, akā, ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻoweliweli i ka lehulehu kanaka. E like me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ICRC, me ka manao e hooweliweli ʻaʻole lawa ke kānāwai ma lalo o ke kānāwai kuʻuna honua.
In its Advisory Opinion in the Nuclear Weapons case, the ICJ stated that the principle of distinction, which requires belligerent States to distinguish between civilian and combatants, is one of the “cardinal principles” of international humanitarian law and one of the “intransgressible principles of international customary law”.
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kumukānāwai o ka ʻokoʻa ma nā ʻatikala 48, 51(2) a me 52 (2) o ke Kānāwai Hoʻohui I o 1977 a i nā Conventions Geneva 1949, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Wahi a ka Manawa Hou I, ʻo nā "hoʻouka" e pili ana i "nā hana hoʻomāinoino i ka ʻenemi, inā ma ka hewa a i ʻole ka pale" (Pauku 49). Ma lalo o nā kānāwai kuʻuna maʻamau a me nā kānāwai kuikahi, ʻaʻole paʻa ka pāpā ʻana i ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka lehulehu kanaka a i ʻole nā mea kīwila. ʻAʻohe manaʻo no ke kāhea ʻana i ka pono o ka pūʻali e like me ke kumu.
Contrary to Israel’s claims, mistakes resulting in civilian casualties cannot be justified: in case of doubt as to the nature of the target, the law clearly establishes that an object which is normally dedicated to civilian purposes (such as schools, houses, places of worship and medical facilities), are presumed as not being used for military purposes. During these past weeks, UN officials and representatives have repeatedly called on Israel to strictly abide by the principle of precaution in carrying out attacks in the Gaza Strip, where risks are greatly aggravated by the very high population density, and maximum restraint must be exercised to avoid civilian casualties. HRW has noted that these rules exist to minimize mistakes “when such mistakes are repeated, it raises the concern of whether the rules are being disregarded.”
Eia kekahi, ʻoiai ke ʻimi nei i nā pahuhopu pūʻali koa, ʻaʻole mau ka ʻIseraʻela i ke kumu o kūlike: He mea maopopo loa keia e pili ana i na haneri hale kivila i lukuia e ka puali o ka Iseraela i ka manawa o ka hana kaua ma Gaza. Me ka manaʻo i hoʻolaha ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i kahi lālā o Hamas, ua hoʻopā a luku ʻia nā pūʻali koa ʻIseraʻela i nā hale ʻoiai ua noho ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau hale noho e nā kānaka kīwila, me nā wahine, nā keiki, a me nā ʻohana holoʻokoʻa.
'A'ole 'ae 'ia ma lalo o ke kānāwai ma'amau o ke ao holo'oko'a ke 'imi 'ana i nā mea kīwila, a 'o ka uhaki 'ana i ia 'ano kumu nui o ke kānāwai e hiki ke lilo i ka hewa kaua. ʻO ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kahi 'ʻōlelo aʻo' - e like me ka ʻenehana i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kīkē ʻana o ka hale, a i ʻole ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi SMS ʻelima mau minuke ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana - ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kēia: ʻaʻole kūpono ke hoʻouka kaua ʻana i kahi home kīwila me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka pono o ka pūʻali koa. he uhaki i ka loina o ke kaulike. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole wale kēia mau 'ʻōlelo aʻo' maʻamau ʻole, a hiki ke hopena i nā mea make hou aʻe, ʻike ʻia lākou he kumu mua i hana ʻia e ka ʻIseraʻela e hōʻike i ka poʻe e noho ana ma ko lākou mau home he 'pale kanaka'.
The indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks, the targeting of objectives providing no effective military advantage, and the intentional targeting of civilians and civilian houses have been persistent features of Israel’s long-standing policy of punishing the entire population of the Gaza Strip, which, for over seven years, has been virtually imprisoned by Israeli imposed closure. Such a regime amounts to a form of hoʻopaʻi hui, which violates the unconditional prohibition set forth in Article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention and has been internationally condemned for its illegality. However, far from being effectively opposed international actors, Israel’s illegal policy of absolute closure imposed on the Gaza Strip has relentlessly continued, under the complicit gaze of the international community of States.
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E like me ka mea i hōʻoia ʻia ma 2009 e ka UN Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict: "ʻO ka pono a me ka mahalo i ke kānāwai o ke kānāwai ke kumu nui no ka maluhia. ʻO ke kūlana lōʻihi i hoʻokumu i kahi pilikia kaulike ma ka Territory Palestinian Occupied e pono ai ka hana" (A/HRC/12/48, para. 1958) ʻOiaʻiʻo: "ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana he kumu nui i ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka hana ʻino ma ka ʻāina. a i ka hana hou ʻana o nā hana ʻino, a me ka pau ʻana o ka hilinaʻi ma waena o ka poʻe Palestinian a me ka nui o ka ʻIseraʻela e pili ana i nā manaʻo no ka hoʻopono a me ka hoʻonā maluhia i ka hakakā ". (A/HRC/12/48, pauku 1964)
No laila,
- Aloha mākou i ka hooholo ʻApono ʻia ma ka 23 Iulai 2014 e ka UN Human Rights Council, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi komisina kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o ka honua no ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hewa a pau o ke kānāwai kanaka kanaka āpau a me ke kānāwai pono kanaka o ka honua ma ka Territory Palestinian Occupied.
- Ke kāhea aku nei mākou i ka United Nations, ka Arab League, ka European Union, kēlā me kēia Moku'āina, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me nā kaiāulu o ka honua holoʻokoʻa a me kona mana hui e hana i ka hana ma ka ʻuhane o ka wikiwiki loa e kau. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana ʻino i ka heluna kanaka kīwila o Gaza Strip, a me ka hoʻāla ʻana i nā kaʻina hana e hoʻopaʻa pono i ka poʻe a pau i kuleana no ka uhai ʻana i ke kānāwai o ka honua, me nā alakaʻi politika a me nā luna koa. I ke ʻano wae:
- Pono nā mea hana āpau a me nā honua āpau e kākoʻo i ka hoʻopau koke ʻana i kahi ʻaelike hoʻopau lōʻihi, ākea, a i ʻae like ʻia, pono e hoʻopaʻa i ka wikiwiki a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kōkua kanaka a me ka wehe ʻana o nā palena i Gaza;
- Pono e koi koke ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻaelike kiʻekiʻe a pau i nā ʻaha ʻo Geneva e hoʻokō i kā lākou mau kuleana kumu, paʻa i nā manawa a pau, a e hana ma lalo o ka Paukū 1, e hana i nā hana āpau e pono ai no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā haki nui, e like me ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. e ka Paukū 146 a me ka Paukū 147 o ka ʻEhā Geneva Convention; pili kēia mau lula e nā poʻe makemake a pau;
- Eia kekahi, ke hoʻohewa nei mākou i nā hoʻoikaika politika hilahila i hana ʻia e kekahi mau lālā UN a me ka UN ma luna o Pelekikena Mahmoud Abbas, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hele ʻana i ka International Criminal Court (ICC), a ke koi nei mākou i nā alakaʻi aupuni o Palesetina e kāhea i ka mana o ka ICC, ma ka hooiaio ana i ke kuikahi ICC a ma ka hana ma ka hoʻouna hou ʻana i ka ʻōlelo hoʻolaha ma lalo o ka Paukū 12(3) o ke Kumukānāwai Roma, i mea e noiʻi ai a hoʻopiʻi i nā hewa koʻikoʻi o ka honua i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Palestine e nā ʻaoʻao āpau i ka hakakā; a
- Pono ka UN Security Council e hoʻokō i kāna mau kuleana e pili ana i ka maluhia a me ka hoʻopono ma ka haʻi ʻana i ke kūlana ma Palestine i ka Luna Hoʻopiʻi o ka ICC.
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E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo ʻo nā hui ʻoihana no nā kumu ʻike wale nō.
- ʻO John Dugard, ʻo Former UN Special Rapporteur e pili ana i ke kūlana pono kanaka ma ka Territory Palestinian Occupied
- ʻO Richard Falk, ka Luna Hoʻolaha Kūikawā o UN ma ke kūlana kuleana kanaka ma ka ʻāina ʻo Palestinian i noho ʻia
- ʻO Alain Pellet, Polofesa o ke Kānāwai Aupuni Aupuni, University Paris Ouest, he lālā mua o ka United Nations International Law Commission, Farani
- ʻO Georges Abi-Saab, Polofesa Emeritus o International Law, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Lunakanawai Mamua ma ka ICTY
- Vera Gowlland-Debbas, Kumu Emeritus o International Law, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
- Chantal Meloni, Adjunct Professor of International Criminal Law, University of Milan, Italy (Rapporteur, Joint Declaration)
- ʻO Roy Abbott, He Kūkākūkā ma ke Kānāwai Kanaka Kanaka Nui a me ke Kānāwai Kuleana Kuleana Kanaka, Australia
- Lama Abu-Odeh, Kumu Kānāwai, Georgetown University Law Center, USA
- ʻO Susan M. Akram, Kauka Kauka a me ka loio mālama, International Human Rights Program, Boston University School of Law, USA
- Taris Ahmad, Loio ma Jones Day, Lādana, UK
- ʻO Maria Anagnostaki, ka moho PhD, Kula Law Law University of Athens, Greece
- Antony Anghie, Kumu Loio, Ke Kulanui o Utah, USA
- ʻO Nizar Ayoub, Luna Hoʻokele, Al-Marsad, Arab Human Rights Center ma Golan Heights
- ʻO Valentina Azarov, ke kumu aʻo i nā pono kanaka a me nā kānāwai o ka honua, ke kula ʻo Al Quds Bard, Palesetina
- ʻO Ammar Bajboj, He Kumu Kānāwai, Kulanui o Damaseko, Suria
- Samia Bano, Kula Kānāwai SOAS, Lādana, UK
- Asli Ü Bali, Kumu Kānāwai, Kula Kānāwai UCLA, USA
- Jakub Michał Baranowski, Phd Candidate, Universita’ degli Studi Roma Tre, Italy
- Frank Barat, Russell Tribunal ma Palesetine
- ʻO Emma Bell, Luna Hoʻoponopono o ka Hui ʻEulopa no ke aʻo ʻana i ka Deviance a me Social Control, Université de Savoie, Farani
- ʻO Barbara Giovanna Bello, Post-doc Fellow, University of Milan, Italia
- Brenna Bhandar, kumu aʻo kiʻekiʻe ma ke kānāwai, SOAS School of Law, Lākana, UK
- George Bisharat, Kumu Kānāwai, UC Hastings College of Law, USA
- Barbara Blok, Moho LLM, Ke Kulanui o Essex, UK
- ʻO John Braithwaite, Kumu o ka Criminology, Australian National University, Australia
- ʻO Michelle Burgis-Kasthala, he kumu aʻo i ke kānāwai honua, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Eddie Bruce-Jones, Kumu Kānāwai, Kulanui o Lādana, Ke Kulanui ʻo Birkbeck, UK
- Sandy Camlann, Moho LLM, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Palani
- Grazia Careccia, Kākoʻo Kuleana Kanaka, Lādana, UK
- Baris Cayli, Impact Fellow, University of Stirling, UK
- ʻO Antonio Cavaliere, ke Kumu o ke Kānāwai Karaima, Ke Kulanui Federico II, Naples, Italia
- ʻO Kathleen Cavanaugh, Luna Haʻawina Nui, ʻIlelani Center for Human Rights, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- ʻO Elizabeth Chadwick, ka mea heluhelu ma ke kānāwai o ka honua, Nottingham, UK
- Donna R. Cline, Loio ma ke Kanawai, USA
- ʻO Karen Corteen, Kumu Nui ma Criminology, University of Chester, UK
- ʻO Andrew Dahdal, Luna Hoʻonaʻauao, Kumu o ka ʻoihana a me ka waiwai, ke Kulanui ʻo Macquarie, Sydney, Australia
- Teresa Dagenhardt, Heluhelu ma ka Criminology, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland
- ʻO Luigi Daniele, ka moho PhD ma Law, Italia
- ʻO Alessandro De Giorgi, Polopeka no ka Hoʻonaʻauao Hoʻokolokolo, San Josè State University, USA
- Paul de Waart, Polofesa Emeritus o International Law, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- ʻO Gabriele della Morte, ke kumu aʻo kiʻekiʻe ma ke kānāwai International, University Cattolica, Milan, Italia
- ʻO Max du Plessis, Kumu o ke Kānāwai, Ke Kulanui o Kwazulu-Natal, a me Barrister, ʻApelika Hema a me Lākana, UK
- Noura Erakat, Ke Kulanui o Georgetown, USA
- Mohammad Fadel, Kumu Kānāwai Kānāwai, Kula Nui o Toronto Faculty of Law, Kanada
- ʻO Mireille Fanon-Mendés Palani, Kūkākūkā Kūʻokoʻa UNO, Frantz Fanon Foundation, Palani
- ʻO Michelle Farrell, kumu aʻo kānāwai, Kula o ke Kānāwai a me ka Hoʻoponopono Kaiapuni, Kulanui o Liverpool, UK
- ʻO Daniel Feierstein, Polofesa a me Pelekikena Hui Pū ʻIa o Genocide Scholars (IAGS), ʻAmelika
- ʻO Eleonor Fernández Muñoz, Costa Rica
- Tenny Fernando, Loio ma ke Kanawai, Sri Lanka
- ʻO Amelia Festa, ka moho LLM, ke Kulanui o Naples Federico II, Italia
- Katherine Franke, Kumu Loio, Kula Law Law Columbia, USA
- Jacques Gaillot, Bihopa in partibus of Patenia
- Katherine Gallagher, Hope Pelekikena FIDH, loio kiʻekiʻe, Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), New York, USA
- Avo Sevag Garabet, LLM, Ke Kulanui o Groningen, Netherlands
- Jose Garcia Anon, Kumu Kānāwai, Human Rights Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Sepania
- ʻO Irene Gasparini, ka moho PhD, Universitá Cattolica, Milan, Italia
- Stratos Georgoulas, Kokua Kumu, University of the Aegean, Greece
- Haluk Gerger, Kumu, Tureke
- Hedda Giersten, Kumu, Universitet I Oslo, Norewai
- ʻO Javier Giraldo, Luna Hoʻokele Banco de Datos CINEP, Kolombia
- ʻO Carmen G. Gonzales, Kumu Kānāwai, Kula Nui o ke Kulanui o Seattle, USA
- Penny Green, Polofesa o Law and Criminology, Luna Hoʻokele o ka State Crime Initiative, King's College London, UK
- ʻO Katy Hayward, he kumu aʻo kiʻekiʻe ma ka Sociology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Andrew Henley, moho PhD, Keele University, UK
- Christiane Hessel, Paris, Farani
- Paddy Hillyard, Polofesa Emeritus, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Ata Hindi, Institute of Law, Birzeit University, Palesetina
- Francois Houtart, Kumu, National Institute of Higher Studies, Quito, Ecuador
- Deena R. Hurwitz, Kumu, Kumu Nui, Luna Hoʻokele o ke Keʻena Law Law Law, University of Virginia School of Law, USA
- ʻO Perfecto Andrés Ibánes, Luna Hoʻokolokolo Kiekie o Espagna, Sepania
- ʻO Franco Ippolito, ka Pelekikena o ka ʻAha Kūkākūkā o ka Poʻe Paʻa, Italia
- ʻO Ruth Jamieson, Kumu Hoʻohanohano, Kula o ke Kānāwai, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- ʻO Helen Jarvis, he lālā kahiko o Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), lālā o IAGS, Cambodia
- Ioannis Kalpouzos, Kumu Kānāwai, Kula Kānāwai Kūlanakauhale, Lādana, UK
- ʻO Victor Kattan, ka hoa post-doctoral, Law Faculty, National University of Singapore
- ʻO Michael Kearney, PhD, Kumu Kānāwai, Kulanui o Sussex, UK
- ʻO Yousuf Syed Khan, USA
- ʻO Tarik Kochi, ke kumu aʻo kiʻekiʻe ma ke kānāwai, ke kula o ke kānāwai, ka politika a me ka sociology, ke Kulanui o Sussex, UK
- Anna Koppel, Moho MSt ma ke Kānāwai Kuleana Kuleana Kanaka, Ke Kulanui o Oxford, UK
- Karim Lahidji, Pelekikena o ka International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) a me ka loio
- ʻO Giulia Lanza, PhD Candidate, Università degli Studi di Verona, Italia
- Daniel Macover, loio, Hickman & Rose, Lādana, UK
- ʻO Tayyab Mahmud, Kumu o ke Kānāwai, Luna Hoʻokele o ka Center for Global Justice, Seattle University School of Law, USA
- Maria C. LaHood, Loio Luna Nui, CCR, New York, USA
- Louise Mallinder, Heluhelu i nā Kuleana Kanaka a me ke Kānāwai Kaiāulu, Ke Kulanui o Ulster, UK
- ʻO Triestino Mariniello, he kumu aʻo i ke kānāwai karaima honua, ke Kulanui ʻo Edge Hill, UK
- Mazen Masri, Kumu i Law, The City Law School, City University, Lākana, UK
- Siobhan McAlister, Kula o Sociology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Liam McCann, Ke Kumu Nui ma Criminology, University of Lincoln, UK
- ʻO Jude McCulloch, Kakaolelo o Criminology, Ke Kulanui o Monash, Melbourne, Australia
- ʻO Yvonne McDermott Rees, Kumu Kānāwai, Kulanui o Bangor, UK
- ʻO Cahal McLaughlin, Kumu, Kula o nā Noi Hana Hana, Queen's University Belfast, ʻIlelani ʻĀkau
- ʻO Araks Melkonyan, Luna LLM, Kulanui o Essex, UK
- ʻO Antonio Menna, ka moho PhD, ke Kulanui ʻelua o Naples, Caserta, Italia
- Naomi Mezey, Kumu o ke Kānāwai, Georgetown University Law Center, USA
- ʻO Michele Miravalle, ka moho PhD, ke Kulanui o Torino, Italia
- Sergio Moccia, Kumu o ke Kanawai Karaima, Kulanui Federico II, Naples, Italia
- Kerry Moore, Kumu, Ke Kulanui o Cardiff
- ʻO Giuseppe Mosconi, Kumu o ka Sociology, University of Padova, Italia
- Usha Natarajan, Kākoʻo Kumu, Keʻena o Law & Center for Migration and Refugee Studies, The American University in Cairo, Egypt
- ʻO Miren Odriozola Gurrutxaga, ka moho PhD, ke Kulanui o ka ʻāina Basque, Donostia - San Sebastián, Sepania
- Georgios Papanicolaou, Heluhelu ma Criminology, Teesside University, UK
- ʻO Marco Pertile, kumu aʻo kiʻekiʻe ma ke kānāwai o ka honua,
Kumu Kānāwai, Kulanui o Trento, Italia - ʻO Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, Polopeka o ke Kānāwai a me ka Manaʻo, LLM, The Westminster Law and Theory Center, UK
- ʻO Antoni Pigrau Solé, Universitat Rovira a me Virgili de Tarragona, Sepania
- ʻO Joseph Powderly, Kākoʻo Kumu no ke Kānāwai Aupuni Aupuni, Ke Kulanui ʻo Leiden, Netherlands
- ʻO Tony Platt, Polopeka Makahiki o ka Hoʻonaʻauao Hoʻokolokolo, San Jose State University, USA
- ʻO Scott Poynting, Pōfesa ma Criminology, University of Auckland, New Zeeland
- ʻO Chris Powell, Kumu no ka Criminology, University S.Maine, USA
- Bill Quigley, Kumu, Ke Kulanui o Loyola, Ke Kulanui o ke Kānāwai o New Orleans, USA
- John Quigley, Kumu Kānāwai, Ke Kulanui o Ohio State
- Zouhair Racheha, Moho PhD, Ke Kulanui ʻo Jean Moulin Lyon 3, Palani
- Laura Raymond, Luna Hoʻokele Polokalamu Hoʻolaha Kuleana Kuleana Kanaka, CCR, New York, USA
- ʻO Véronique Rocheleau-Brosseau, moho LLM, Laval University, Kanada
- ʻO David Rodríguez Goyes, kumu aʻo, ʻo Antonio Nariño a me nā kula ʻo Santo Tomás, Colombia
- ʻO Alessandro Rosanò, PhD Candidate, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italia
- ʻO Jamil Salem, Luna Hoʻokele o ke Kānāwai, Ke Kulanui ʻo Birzeit, Palesetina
- Mahmood Salimi, LLM Moho, Moofid University, Iran
- Nahed Samour, hoa kauka, Humboldt University, Faculty of Law, Berlin, Kelemānia
- ʻO Iain GM Scobbie, Polofesa o ke Kānāwai Aupuni Aupuni, Kulanui o Manchester, UK
- ʻO David Scott, Kumu Nui ma Criminology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
- ʻO Phil Scraton, Polopeka o Criminology, Belfast, ʻIlelani
- ʻO Rachel Seoighe, ka moho PhD, ka mea aʻoaʻo kānāwai, King's College London, UK
- Tanya Serisier, Kula o Sociology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
- ʻO Mohammad Shahabuddin, PdD, mea noiʻi kipa, kula puka kula o ka ʻepekema pili honua, ke kula nui ʻo Yokohama, Iapana
- Dean Spade, Ke Kula Nui o ke Kulanui o Seattle, USA
- Per Stadig, loio, Suedena
- Chantal Thomas, Kumu Loio, Ke Kulanui o Cornell, USA
- Kendall Thomas, Nash Kumu o ke Kānāwai, Columbia University, USA
- Gianni Tognoni, Lelio Basso Foundation, Roma, Italia
- ʻO Steve Tombs, Polofesa o Criminology, The Open University, UK
- Paul Troop, Loio, Keena Hookolokolo Kihapai, UK
- Valeria Verdolini, Heluhelu i ka Sociology, University of Milan, Italia
- ʻO Francesca Vianello, Ke Kulanui o Padova, Italia
- Aimilia Voulvouli, Kokua Kumu o Sociology, Fatih University, Turkey
- Namita Wahi, Fellow, Center for Policy Research, Dharma Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
- Sharon Weill, PhD, Science Po, Paris/ CERAH, Geneva, Kuikilana
- Peter Weiss, Hope Peresidena o Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), New York, USA
- ʻO David Whyte, Heluhelu i ka Sociology, University of Liverpool, UK
- ʻO Jeanne M. Woods, Henry F. Bonura, Jr. Kumu Kānāwai Kiekie, Ke Kulanui o Loyola University, New Orleans, USA
- ʻO William Thomas Worster, Luna Hoʻonaʻauao, Law Law, The Hague University of Applied Science, Netherlands
- Maung Zarni, Lunakanawai, PPT ma Sri Lanka a me ka hoa kipa, London School of Economics and Political Science
Hāʻawi kālā ʻia ʻo ZNetwork ma o ka lokomaikaʻi o kāna poʻe heluhelu.
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