Ua loaʻa i ka hui ʻApelika Hema ka ʻike nui me ka Apartheid lāhui (ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana) a me ka pepehi kanaka, i wehewehe ʻia ma ke kānāwai honua penei: ʻO kahi hapa nui o ka hui ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana hou iā ia iho i ka biologically a i ʻole moʻomeheu," pēlā i kākau ai ʻo Mohamed Adhikari i kāna puke, ʻO ka Anatomy o kahi Genocide ʻApelika Hema: ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka poʻe Cape San, ʻO Ohio University Press, 2011.
Ua wehewehe ʻo Adhikari "ʻo ka ≠Khomani San he koena liʻiliʻi o nā kaiāulu hānai i noho mua i ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina i kēia manawa ʻo ʻApelika Hema." Ua kipaku ʻia lākou i ka wao nahele ʻo Kalahari ma ka moku ʻo North Cape. Ke kapa nei ka poʻe o waho i ka San he "Bushmen." ʻO nā Dutch Trekboers i hele i nā wahi ma waho o Cape, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1700, ua alakaʻi i ka mea hiki ke kapa ʻia he pepehi kanaka kūʻē iā San, ʻaʻole lākou i manaʻo he kanaka.
Ua hana ka poʻe Kelemania ma ʻApelika Komohana Hema (ʻo Namibia i kēia manawa) i ka pepehi kanaka kūʻē i ka Herero kanaka i ka makahiki 1904–07. ʻO kā lākou mau hana i hana mua i ka luku ʻana iā WW I i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pū mīkini ma luna o ka lehulehu a me nā kānaka anticolonial māmā.
Manaʻo kekahi poʻe noʻonoʻo ʻApelika i ka ʻōnaehana Apartheid i hana ʻia e nā keʻokeʻo ʻApelika Hema ma 1948-1994 ma ke ʻano he ʻano pepehi kanaka, akā ʻokoʻa nā hewa ʻelua i kā lākou wehewehe ʻenehana i ke kānāwai honua.
Ma ke kānāwai o ka honua, ʻaʻole like ka pepehi kanaka me ka luku ʻana. E like me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kuʻikahi o kēia wā e like me ke Kumukānāwai Roma, hiki ke pili i ka pepehi ʻana i nā kānaka liʻiliʻi, akā e hana ana ma ke ʻano e hoʻopōʻino i ko lākou hiki ke ola ma ke ʻano he lāhui. ʻO nā mea koʻikoʻi ka manaʻo i ka poʻe ma muli o kona ʻano lāhui a me ka hoʻāʻo e holoi i kona lāhui. ʻO ka luku ʻana o ka ʻIseraʻela i nā kula āpau o Gaza a me nā kula ʻē aʻe he nui, a me kāna pepehi ʻana i nā kumu aʻoaʻo a me nā mea kākau moʻolelo i ka mea e like me ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka pepehi kanaka i manaʻo ʻia, ʻike ʻia he genocidal, no ka mea, ʻo nā kula a me nā kula a me nā mea paʻi ke lawe i ka ʻike kanaka.
ʻO ka pelekikena o ʻApelika Hema, Cyril RamaphosaUa kaulana ʻo ia no ka haʻi ʻana, ka hīmeni a me ka hula no ka hale pule i kona wā i ke kula kiʻekiʻe. Ua aʻo ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he loio ma lalo o ke aupuni Apartheid, a ua paʻa ʻia ʻo ia e ke aupuni Afrikaner keʻokeʻo i ʻelua mau manawa no ke kūʻē ʻana, me ka hoʻolilo ʻana i 6 mau mahina i loko o ka hale paʻahao ma hope o ke kipi ʻana o Soweto. (Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma Soweto.) I ka makahiki 1982 ua kōkua ʻo ia i ka loaʻa ʻana a lilo ʻo ia i kākau ʻōlelo nui o ka National Union of Mineworkers, ka mea i ulu a hiki i 300,000 mau lālā ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana a hoʻokō i ka hahau nui loa i ka mōʻaukala o South Africa ma 1987.
I ka wā Apartheid, he kākoʻo koʻikoʻi ʻo ʻIseraʻela i ke aupuni Apartheid a ua ʻimi ʻo ia i ka hana nuklea me ia e kūʻē i nā ʻāina ʻeleʻele o ʻApelika. Ua holo pinepine ke aupuni o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke keʻakeʻa ʻana no Apartheid-era Pretoria.
I ka makahiki 1994, ua alakaʻi ʻo Ramaphosa i ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kumukānāwai democratic mua o ʻApelika Hema. Ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ka pāremata no kekahi mau makahiki. Ua komo ʻo ia ma hope i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻoihana pilikino o ka ʻāina. Ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i pelekikena ma 2017.
Ua hoʻāhewa loa ʻo Ramaphosa i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Hamas i ka lā 7 o ʻOkakopa Hōʻike ka BBC ʻO ka pule i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka ʻIseraʻela i ka Strip, ua alakaʻi ka pelekikena i 60 mau alakaʻi o ka ʻaoʻao i ka wā e hoʻolele ana i nā hae Palestinian, ʻoiai e ʻaʻahu ana i ka scarf ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo Palestinian kuʻuna, keffiyeh. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e pili ana i ka Palestinians, "He poʻe lākou i noho ʻia ma lalo o 75 mau makahiki. . . Ke kali nei lākou a hoʻouka kaua i kahi aupuni i kapa ʻia he mokuʻāina apartheid. Ua hoʻohui ʻo ia, "Ua hoʻohiki mau mākou i ko mākou hui ʻana, a ua koi mau mākou ʻo ka hopena wale nō, ʻoi aku hoʻi me nā pilikia o Palestine, ʻo ia ka hopena ʻelua-ʻāina."
Ma ka Pōʻalima, ua makemake ʻo ʻApelika Hema i kahi hihia kūʻē i ka ʻIseraʻela me ka International Court of Justice no ka pepehi kanaka ma Gaza. Hoʻoholo ka ICJ i nā hihia ma waena o nā lālā UN, a ʻo ʻApelika Hema a me ʻIseraʻela nā lālā. He mau pūlima pū lāua ʻelua i ka Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide i ka makahiki 1948.
Ke Keʻena ʻOihana Hoʻonaʻauao o Pretoria mai la ʻO ka Pōʻalima, "Ua hopohopo nui ʻo ʻApelika Hema i ka pōʻino o nā makaʻāinana i hopu ʻia i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ka ʻIseraʻela i kēia manawa ma Gaza ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i ka ikaika a me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana o nā kānaka." ʻO nā huaʻōlelo "ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i ka ikaika" a me "ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana o ka poʻe noho" ʻelua mau huaʻōlelo ʻenehana e pili ana i nā hewa kaua ma Geneva Conventions a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe o International Humanitarian Law. Ke kuhi nei ke aupuni e "hoʻohewa i nā hana ʻino a me nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā makaʻāinana āpau, me ka ʻIseraʻela." ʻO kēia ka mea e pili ana i nā hana ʻino a Hamas o ʻOkakopa 7, kahi i waiho ai ma luna o hoʻokahi tausani o ka ʻIseraʻela i make, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he poʻe kīwila hala ʻole.
Ua wehewehe ʻo Pretoria, "Ma ke ʻano he Mokuʻāina i ka Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, aia ʻo ʻApelika Hema ma lalo o kahi kuleana kuʻikahi e pale aku i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana mai ka hiki ʻana mai. No laila, ma kahi hālāwai kūikawā i mālama ʻia ma ka lā 8 Dekemaba 2023, ua kauoha ka ʻAha Kuhina e hoʻokokoke i ka ʻAha Hoʻokolokolo Kiʻekiʻe ma Hague e kiʻi i kahi kauoha e kuhikuhi ana i ka ʻIseraʻela, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi Mokuʻāina, e hōʻole i nā hana e hiki ke hana i ka pepehi kanaka a pili paha. nā hewa ma lalo o ka Convention."
E ʻoluʻolu e nānā i kēia wikiō no kāna kūkākūkā koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokae ʻana o nā ʻaha hoʻokolokolo o ka honua i nā poʻe ma ka honua Hema a me ka makemake i ka poʻe ma ka ʻĀkau waiwai.
Loaʻa i ʻApelika Hema kahi GDP nominal o $ 400 bn i kēlā me kēia makahiki a ʻo kāna pūʻali koa i koho ʻia i ka 33rd ma ka honua. He lālā ia o ka BRICs bloc o nā ʻāina ma waho o nā kikowaena mana a me ka waiwai o ʻAkelanika ʻĀkau.
Ua hōʻike ka ICJ (e nānā i ka leka ma lalo) ua ʻōlelo ʻo ʻApelika Hema e pili ana i ke aupuni o ke Kuhina Nui ʻo Benjamin Netanyahu "ʻo nā hana a me nā hana ʻole a ka ʻIseraʻela ... he ʻāpana o ka lāhui Palestinian ākea, lāhui a me ka hui lāhui. "
ʻO ke kumu o ke aupuni o ʻApelika Hema o Cyril Ramaphosa i ʻōlelo ai ua hana ʻia nā hana a ka ʻIseraʻela me ka "manaʻo kikoʻī" he mea nui ka manaʻo i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pepehi kanaka. Inā hana kekahi ʻāina i kahi hana i alakaʻi ʻole ʻia i ka luku ʻia ʻana o kekahi poʻe, ʻaʻole ia he pepehi kanaka, akā he pōʻino.
Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo ʻApelika Hema "ʻo ka hana o ka ʻIseraʻela - ma o kāna mau moku'āina, nā luna aupuni, a me nā poʻe a me nā hui ʻē aʻe e hana ana ma kāna mau ʻōlelo a i ʻole ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, ka mana a i ʻole ka mana - e pili ana i nā Palestinians ma Gaza, ua kūʻē i kāna mau kuleana. ka Genocide Convention.
Ua noi aku ʻo Pretoria i ka ʻAha e hana koke i nā hana kūʻokoʻa e hoʻopau i ka pepehi kanaka e hoʻomau nei.
ʻO kēia ka leka a ka ICJ i hoʻopuka ai no ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻōlelo a ʻApelika Hema:
AHA HOOKOLOKOLO AINA
Halealii Maluhia, Camegieplein 2,2517 KJ The Hague, Netherlands Tel.: +31(0)70302 2323 Fax: +31(0)70364 9928
Press Release
Helu 2023/77
29 December 2023
Hoʻokumu ka Repubalika o ʻApelika Hema i nā hana kūʻē i ka mokuʻāina o lsrael a noi aku i ka ʻAha e hōʻike i nā hana kūpono.
KA HAGUE, 29 Kekemapa 2023. Ua waiho ʻo ʻApelika Hema i kēia lā i kahi noi e hoʻokumu ana i nā kaʻina kūʻē iā ʻIseraʻela i mua o ka International Court of Justice (ICJ), ka hui hoʻokolokolo nui o ka United Nations, e manaʻo ana i ka hewa ʻana o ka ʻIseraʻela i kāna mau kuleana ma lalo o ka Convention on the Prevention. a me ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i ka hewa o ka pepehi kanaka (ka "Genocide Convention") e pili ana i nā Palestinians ma Gaza Strip.
Wahi a ka palapala noi, "ʻo nā hana a me nā hana ʻole a ka ʻIseraʻela ... he genocidal i ke ʻano, no ka mea, ua hana ʻia lākou me ka manaʻo kikoʻī e pono ai ... ʻO ka hana o ka ʻIseraʻela - ma o kāna mau moku'āina, nā luna aupuni, a me nā poʻe a me nā hui ʻē aʻe e hana ana ma kāna mau ʻōlelo a i ʻole ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, ka mana a i ʻole ka mana - e pili ana i ka Palestinians ma Gaza, ua kūʻē i kāna mau kuleana ma lalo o ka Genocide Convention ".
Ua ʻōlelo hou ka mea noi, "ʻo ka ʻIseraʻela, mai ka 7 ʻOkakopa 2023, ʻaʻole i hiki ke pale i ka pepehi kanaka a ʻaʻole i hoʻopiʻi i ka hoʻopiʻi pololei a me ka lehulehu i ka pepehi kanaka" a "ua komo ʻo ʻIseraʻela, ke komo nei a me ka pilikia e komo hou i ka genocidal. hana kūʻē i ka poʻe Palestinian ma Gaza".
Ke ʻimi nei ʻo ʻApelika Hema e loaʻa ka mana o ka ʻAha ma ka Paukū 36, paukū 1, o ke Statute of the Comt a ma ka Paukū IX o ka Genocide Convention, kahi i hui pū ai ʻo ʻApelika Hema a me Israel.
Aia i loko o ka palapala noi kahi noi no ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hana kuʻuna, e like me ka Paukū 41 o ke Kumukānāwai o ka ʻAha a me nā Paukū 73, 74 a me 75 o nā Rula o ka ʻAha. Noi ka mea noi i ka ʻAha e hōʻike i nā hana kuʻuna i mea e "pale aku ai i ka pōʻino hou aʻe, koʻikoʻi a hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia i nā kuleana o ka poʻe Palestinian ma lalo o ka Genocide Convention" a "e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka ʻIseraʻela i kāna mau kuleana e pili ana i ka Genocide Convention ʻaʻole e komo i loko. pepehi kanaka, a e pale a e hoʻopaʻi i ka pepehi kanaka."
Ma muli o ka Paukū 74 o nā Rula o ka ʻAha, “[ʻo kahi] noi no ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hana kūkaʻi e ʻoi aku ka mea nui ma mua o nā hihia ʻē aʻe a pau”.
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