ʻO kekahi o nā mea kūʻai aku ʻo ia ka hana ʻike a kekahi limahana koʻikoʻi ma mua, ʻoiai ʻo ia e hana ana no Oracle, ua paʻa i kahi kūlana noiʻi kipa ma ke kula mākaʻi alakaʻi o Kina. ʻO kēlā kanaka i wehewehe ʻia ma nā palapala e like me ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi hui o ka poʻe i kūʻai aku i nā huahana Oracle i nā mākaʻi a me nā aupuni a puni ka honua. Ua hōʻole ʻo Oracle i ka ʻōlelo no kēia ʻatikala.

Ua hōʻole mua ʻo Oracle i ke kūʻai pololei ʻana i nā polokalamu i nā mākaʻi Kina no ke kumu maopopo o ka hui ʻana i ka ʻikepili o nā kamaʻāina. Akā ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻo nā deck slide, i mālama ʻia ma kāna pūnaewele i Pepeluali, he ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau palapala. (Ua pili ka Intercept i nā mana waihona inā hiki.)

"Makemake ʻo Oracle e lawe i ke kālā mai ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā mea hana i nā keʻena naʻauao, akā makemake lākou e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻaʻohe o lākou hewa no ka hoʻohana ʻana," wahi a Jack Poulson, ka luna hoʻokele o ka ʻoihana nonprofit Tech Inquiry, nāna i hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o Kina Kūʻai ʻo Google i ke ao ʻO US Customs a me ka pale pale palena, Israel, a me Saudi Arabia. "ʻOiaʻiʻo, makemake kahi hui e lawe i nā kālā āpau i hiki iā lākou me ka liʻiliʻi o ke kuleana. Akā, no ke aha mākou e ʻae ai iā lākou e hana pēlā? "

Kūʻai aku i ka Koa a me ka FBI

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Endeca ma 1999 ma Cambridge, Massachusetts, i loko o kahi ala ʻenehana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kekahi manawa me Silicon Valley. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lako polokalamu o ka hui ma ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻikepili i kūkulu ʻole ʻia, nā ʻike maka i hoʻonohonoho ʻole ʻia i loko o kahi waihona. Ua kūpono ka hoʻomaka ʻana; ua komo koke ka honua i ke au ʻikepili nui. ʻO ka hulina E-commerce kahi noi mua no ka ʻenehana, a ua mau nā ʻoihana i nā mea kūʻai nui. ʻO Endeca, nona ka inoa i loaʻa mai ka huaʻōlelo Kelemania ʻo ia hoʻi "ʻike," i loaʻa i kahi hoʻonui hou mai ka "kaua ma luna o ka weliweli," i lawe mai i kahi kālā no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā mana mākaʻikaʻi o nā keʻena naʻauao.

Ua hoʻolaha ʻo In-Q-Tel i kahi hui hoʻolālā me Endeca ma 2003, ʻo ia ka makahiki i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ʻo Palantir. "ʻIke mākou i nā manawa kūpono e hoʻonui a hoʻohana i kā lākou ʻenehana kalepa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka palekana aupuni i hoʻonui ʻia," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo In-Q-Tel CEO Gilman Louie ma kahi nūʻike hoʻōla i ka manawa. Wahi a Endeca, ua pili ka ʻaelike i kahi hoʻopukapuka kālā i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻElua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻolaha ka ʻoihana ʻoihana kālā kālā CIA i kahi kuʻikahi e hoʻolauna iā Endeca i ka Defense Intelligence Agency.

Ua lilo ʻo Endeca i hoʻokahi o nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia e nā keʻena aupuni e ʻike i nā pūnāwai ʻikepili like ʻole, no ka laʻana, ma ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā hoʻokomo ʻikepili ma ka palapala ʻāina hiki ke huli. "Ua lilo kēia ʻano o ka interface i mea maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i lilo ʻo Endeca i inoa ʻohana," wahi a Poulson. "He mea ia i hoʻomau ʻia e ke kaiāulu naʻauao US."

He moʻolelo kūleʻa mua no In-Q-Tel, ua loaʻa iā Endeca nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka FBI, US Cyber ​​Command, a me ka pūʻali koa, e like me nā moʻolelo hoʻolimalima federal. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka polokalamu ma Guantánamo Bay, ka pūʻali koa US ma Cuba kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā pio i hopu ʻia ma Afghanistan a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 2008, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Joint Task Force Guantanamo, kahi pūʻali koa US i noho ma ke kahua, me kahi hui ʻenehana. no ka "Endeca mālama," e like me nā moʻolelo hoʻolimalima. Ua uku ʻia ka ʻāpana no ke kākoʻo ʻo Endeca a hiki i 2019. ʻO kekahi o nā hana pāʻālua ʻO Operation Enduring Freedom, ka inoa kūhelu i hoʻohana ʻia e ke aupuni US no ke kaua ma Afghanistan. I hala papa inoa hana no ka mea, haku polokalamu ma Guantánamo Bay e wehewehe i ka "Endeca/Oracle Guided Search" ma ke ʻano he koi.

I ka loaʻa ʻana o Endeca i ka naʻauao a me nā mea kūʻai aku pale i ka makahiki 2000, ke kūkulu nei ʻo Oracle i kāna kumu o nā mea kūʻai aku makai. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻoihana no kāna mau ʻikepili pili, hoʻohana ʻia e crunch nui o ka ʻikepili. Hōʻike nā ʻaelike i loaʻa i ka lehulehu he hoʻokahi papahana nui ʻo CPD's Citizen Law Enforcement Analysis and Reporting, a i ʻole CLEAR, kahi hale kūʻai ʻikepili Oracle i kēia lā ma ke kikowaena o kahi. kai eʻe e nā mea hoʻoikaika e holoi i ka ʻikepili hoʻokae i ka poʻe malihini a me ka poʻe kala i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e nā keʻena hoʻokō mākaʻi.

Me nā miliona o nā moʻolelo hopu, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo CLEAR i nā ʻikepili e pili ana i nā lālā gang i manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻohana ʻia e nā mākaʻi e hoʻokae i ka poʻe. "He racist," wahi a Xanat Sobrevilla, he mea hoʻonohonoho me Organized Communities Against Deportations ma Chicago, kekahi o nā hui ma hope o ka hoʻolaha Erase the Database. “He kanaiwakūmālima pakeneka o nā inoa ʻeleʻele a me Latinx. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻokō i kā mākou kumu o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hewa a mālama pono iā mākou. Hoʻohana wale ia i ke kumu o ka hiki ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā mākaʻi a me ka hana ʻino. " Holoi i ka Database Ua kākau ʻia nā keiki ʻōpio e like me 9 i helu ʻia ma ka waihona.

I ka makahiki 2011, i ka wā i loaʻa ai ʻo Oracle iā Endeca no kahi $ 1.1 ieeeea?, Ke hōʻike nei nā keʻena mākaʻi US i ka hoihoi i ʻikepili-driven policing, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā hānai nānā a me nā ʻikepili pilikino e ʻike ai i nā mea hana hewa a i ʻole nā ​​wahi wela o ka hewa. Oracle koi i ka hale ka honua nui ohi o kolu-aoao pilikino ikepili, a ua lilo kekahi o kekahi nui i nāʻoihana hui e komo i loko o ke kahua piha. "ʻO ka mea a ka Oracles o ka honua e hana nei ke hoʻāʻo nei e hana i kahi pāʻani e lilo i kahua o ka mākaʻi," wahi a Andrew Guthrie Ferguson, he loio kānāwai ma ke Kulanui ʻAmelika a me ka mea kākau o "The Rise of Big Data Policing: Surveillance, Race, and ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka hoʻokō kānāwai. "ʻO ka helu ʻana, 'Loaʻa iā mākou kēia ʻikepili pilikino āpau. Pono nā mākaʻi i ka ʻikepili pilikino. ʻIke mākou i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻikepili ʻikepili, a ke hana nei mākou ma ke aupuni ʻoihana. He aha inā e neʻe mākou i loko o ke aupuni? ʻAʻole anei maikaʻi kēlā?'”

Ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā ʻoihana ʻenehana nui e like me Oracle i nā ʻano ʻenehana ākea, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kā lākou hana ʻana i ka mākaʻi ma mua o nā hui niche e like me Palantir. Akā ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi kā lākou hana, wahi a Ferguson. "Pono e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i nā hae ʻulaʻula i ka wā e komo ai ka ʻenehana nui i ka wahi mākaʻi no ka mea ʻelua mau ʻano o ka mana unreflective - ʻenehana nui a me nā mākaʻi - a hui pū."

Ma Chicago, ua hiki mai ka loaʻa ʻana o Oracle iā Endeca makai paranoia e pili ana i ka Occupy movement. ʻIke ʻia ʻo CPD kekahi o nā keʻena mua e hoʻohana i ka lako polokalamu no kaʻu ʻoihana pūnaewele. ʻO An Pepa keʻokeʻo Oracle Ua kāhea ʻo Endeca i ka lawe ʻia ʻana e CPD he "hōʻoia-o-manaʻo" hoʻomaʻamaʻa a ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua kōkua ʻo Endeca i nā mākaʻi i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka wā o nā kūʻē. Ma ka "hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻike Social Media [sic] me ke keʻena 911 a me ka ʻike hoʻoneʻe ikaika," wahi a ka pepa keʻokeʻo, "hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia nā luna e hoʻoponopono mua i nā hoʻoweliweli e ulu nei."

Ke hoʻomaka nei nā kūʻē, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Tomlinson, ka limahana Oracle ma mua. Ma ka lā 20 o Mei, 2012, ʻo ka lā hoʻokahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā mākaʻi no ka hahau ʻana i nā mea hōʻike me nā pahu, ua hoʻopuka ʻo ia e hana ana ʻo Endeca i 8,000 tweets i hoʻokahi hola. I kekahi lā ma hope mai, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua piʻi ke kaʻa 20,000 tweets i hoʻokahi hola.

He mau mahina ma hope mai, ʻo Tomlinson i hōʻikeʻia kana mau mea lawe. ʻOiai e ʻike ʻia ana e kaomi i ka ʻikepili maoli mai nā kūʻē, ua hōʻike ʻo ia pehea e hiki ai i nā mākaʻi ke hoʻohana iā Endeca e hana i nā hulina i manaʻo ʻia, e ʻimi i lalo e ʻike i nā mea hoʻohana ma ka wahi, a huki i ka ʻike mai nā hanana 15,000 i hoʻokomo ʻia mai ka National Counterterrorism Center. Ua ʻae ka polokalamu i nā mākaʻi e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pou e ka clout score, kānana no ka "negative" manaʻo, a ʻaʻohe i loko o nā moʻokāki mea hoʻohana kikoʻī, ʻōlelo ʻo ia, "Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka e ʻimi i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i nā mea āu e makemake ai. e like me ka huaʻōlelo 'kūʻē.'”

ʻAʻole i pane ʻo Tomlinson i nā noi no ka ʻōlelo.

In kekahi kamaʻilio, i hāʻawi ʻia ma 2012, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Tomlinson, ma waho aʻe o ka ʻeli ʻana i nā pou pāpaho kaiapili, hiki iā CPD ke hoʻohana iā Endeca e huki i nā makahiki 'kumu o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hewa hewa a me ka hopu ʻana. Ua loaʻa i kahi ʻikepili he 4.8 miliona mau hanana ma Chicago. Ua hōʻike ʻo Tomlinson pehea, ma kahi liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā mākaʻi ke hoʻi i ka home ma nā hanana hoihoi he 12 wale nō. Ua hana ʻo Palantir nā koi like e pili ana i kāna lako polokalamu.

An kahi e'ōlelo ai papa paheʻe Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia no kahi anaina Kina e ʻōlelo ana ua hoʻohana pū ʻo CPD iā Endeca a me nā polokalamu ʻē aʻe e wānana i nā hewa i loko o ka puka aniani ʻekolu lā, e pili ana i ka wā, ka helu o nā kelepona pilikia, a me nā helu hopu, ma waena o nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe.

Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ia mau helu ʻana e hoʻoikaika wale i nā manaʻo mākaʻi e kū nei. "E lilo ia i puka pane manaʻo, kahi e haʻi ai ka ʻikepili i nā mākaʻi e hoʻomau i ka mākaʻi a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā poʻe like a me nā kaiāulu like a lākou e mākaʻikaʻi mau ai a kū a nānā aku," wahi a Andy Clarno, nāna i hoʻonohonoho i ke Kulanui o Illinois. ma Chicago's Policing ma Chicago Research Group a kōkua pū me Erase the Database. "Aia naʻe, ʻike ʻia me he mea lā he pahuhopu a hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makemakika, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o nā hana racist."

Kūʻai Kūʻai ma Kina

Ua wehewehe ʻo Oracle iā Endeca ma ke ʻano he mea hana kilokilo hiki ke alakaʻi i nā holomua noiʻi. ʻekahi palapala Oracle Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Endeca e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā āpau i ka naʻauao - ʻo ia ka mea i kākau mua ʻia ʻo Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld kaulana kaulana nā "ʻike ʻole ʻia." "He ikaika loa ka Endeca Information Discovery e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻeha o 'ʻaʻole mākou ʻike i ka mea a mākou i ʻike ʻole ai," wahi a ka palapala. In kekahi kamaʻilio, wehewehe ʻo Tomlinson i ke kahua ma ke ʻano he ala no nā mākaʻi e honi a puni no ka hana hoʻohuoi, me ka ʻole o ka manaʻo a i ʻole kekahi hanana. "ʻAʻole lākou i ʻike i nā nīnau a lākou i mua, ka mea a lākou e makemake ai e nīnau i ka ʻikepili - no laila hoʻomaka lākou e paʻi i ka ʻimi, hoʻomaka lākou e paʻi i ke alakaʻi nav, hoʻomaka i ka wili ʻana, a puka mai nā mea."

He ʻōlelo weliweli kēlā, wahi a ka poʻe kākoʻo kūʻokoʻa kīwila. "ʻO ka kānana ʻana i ka ʻikepili a me nā pou media media me ka manaʻolana e ʻike i nā 'ʻike ʻike ʻole ʻia e like me ka nānā ʻana i ka dragnet ma mua o kahi ʻimi noiʻi i manaʻo ʻia a kuleana," wahi a Matthew Guariglia, kahi loiloi kulekele me ka Electronic Frontier Foundation e kālele ana i ka nānā ʻana a me ka mākaʻi. "He kuleana ʻole a mālama ʻole ʻia mai ka ʻike kuʻuna kīwila e hōʻiliʻili i ka nui o ka ʻikepili me ka manaʻolana e lilo kekahi mea i loko o ka puʻu i laina 'ike ʻole' o ka hoʻokolokolo."

ʻAʻole maopopo i ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mākaʻi Chicago iā Endeca a inā paha lākou e hoʻohana nei i kēia lā. ʻAʻole i pane ʻo CPD i kahi noi e ʻōlelo no kēia moʻolelo.

Ke piʻi nei ka huhū ma luna o ka pepehi kanaka makai, ua hoʻāʻo kekahi mau hui ʻenehana hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kā lākou hana me nā mākaʻi US; Haʻaheo ʻo Oracle no ia mea. "Haʻaheo mākou e hui pū me ka hoʻokō kānāwai," i haʻi aku ai ka hope pelekikena ʻo Oracle ʻo Ken Glueck i ka Intercept i kahi hālāwai ninaninau ʻApelila, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau manawa lawe ʻo Oracle i kēlā mau huahana ma waho. "ʻAʻole ia e kahaha i kekahi inā ua hana ʻoe i kahi mea kūleʻa ma kahi hoʻokahi e kūʻai aku ʻoe i kēlā moʻolelo kūleʻa ma kahi ʻē."

Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Glueck a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hui mai nā hōʻike o ka hui pū ʻana me nā luna ma Kina. Ma laila, kū'ē ke kūʻai aku ʻo Oracle i ke kiʻi a nā luna hoʻokele i hoʻāʻo e hoʻoulu ma ke ʻano he mau kauā aloha ʻāina o ke aupuni US. (I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kōkua kēlā kiʻi iā Oracle lāua ʻo Walmart e pale aku i nā mea hoʻokūkū i ka manaʻo e hoʻomalu i nā hana ʻAmelika no ka hui media social media ʻo TikTok, kahi ʻaelike i kēia manawa i limbo.) Akā naʻe nā palapala hōʻike ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka polokalamu ma ʻO nā mea kūʻē NATO, ua kūʻai aku ka ʻenehana nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mākaʻi ma laila.

Ma Kina, ua hōʻailona ʻia kahi papa paheʻe "KONOHAIOLAI" hoʻolaha ʻo Endeca no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma kahi panalāʻau "ao makai” papahana, he ho'āʻo e hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻikepili makai i waena o nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi no nā pono kanaka. Manaʻo ka palapala iā Endeca e like me kekahi o nā huahana Oracle i kūpono i ke ʻano a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻōlelo a me kahi ʻōnaehana "wā maoli". A ka lua ʻO ka deck i manaʻo ʻia no ka lehulehu o ke aupuni Kina e hōʻike ana i ka media social a me nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe e hānai ana iā Endeca a me nā polokalamu Oracle ʻē aʻe.

Hōʻike kekahi mau palapala hōʻike iā Siebel, kekahi huahana Oracle i hoʻohana nui ʻia e ke aupuni US a me nā mea kūʻai aku pale. Hoʻopuka pū lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hoa hana Oracle a i ʻole Oracle no ka ʻōlelo, ka maka, a me ka ʻike palapala laikini a me ka nānā ʻana i nā metadata kelepona.