ʻElua cyberhacks nui—o ʻWlelo Kūlana a ʻO Microsoft Exchange Server—ua hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōnaehana kamepiula holoʻokoʻa a puni ka honua. ʻO nā mea ʻelua he hacks chain supply, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua ʻike ʻia lākou he mau polokalamu hoʻomaikaʻi maʻamau no nā ʻāpana i kēia mau ʻōnaehana ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā code hōʻino.

Ma ka hack SolarWinds, ua hoʻoiho ʻia kahi puka hope ma kekahi o nā ʻāpana i nā ʻōnaehana o Nā hui 18,000, Me ka ʻOihana Waihona a me Kālepa o US, ka 'Oihana o ka Homeland Security a me ka Moku'āina.

Ma ka Microsoft Exchange Server hack, he manaʻo ʻia he 250,000 mīkini Ua hoʻopilikia ʻia paha ka honua e kahi nāwaliwali e hiki ai i nā mea hackers ke hoʻomalu i nā mīkini a hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe i loko o ka pūnaewele kūloko o nā ʻoihana i manaʻo ʻia. ʻEhā mau nāwaliwali nui ma Microsoft Exchange Server i hōʻike ʻia iā Microsoft i ka hoʻomaka o Ianuali. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole ia a hiki i ke kakahiaka o Malaki kēlā Microsoft hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā pā, e like me ka ZDNet. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau nāwaliwali e ka poʻe hackers i ka wā i hoʻokuʻu ʻole ai ʻo Microsoft i nā patch, a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui i hoʻonui i kā lākou ʻōnaehana a hoʻokomo i nā pā.

I ka hack SolarWinds, ka Nā luna US a me nā hui palekana e hana pū ana me ke aupuni US ua hoʻopiʻi i nā keʻena naʻauao Lūkini no ka hack, ʻo ia loaa i ka hopena o 2020. I ka hihia o ka Microsoft Exchange Server hou hack, Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Microsoft i "kahi hui kākoʻo mokuʻāina Kina i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Hafnium,'" e like me ka PC Magazine. ʻAʻole paha e hoʻokō ka poʻe Lūkini a i ʻole nā ​​keʻena kiu Kina i ka hoʻouka kaua ākea ma nā ʻōnaehana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou makemake e ka huli ʻana i kekahi mau ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā lākou ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ma kahi ākea.

Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻoiai ma hope o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o Microsoft i nā nāwaliwali ʻehā a hoʻokuʻuʻia kā lākou mau pā. ʻO ka nui o nā hui nui e hoʻohana ana iā Microsoft Exchange no kā lākou mau leka uila—me nā hui liʻiliʻi a me aupuni kūloko- lohi i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā pā. Ua ʻae kēia i kahi helu nui o nā mea haʻihaʻi hewa e komo i ka hana, hoʻomaka a hānai hānai ʻana o ka hacking ʻōnaehana pale ʻole.

ʻO nā keʻena aupuni o US e nana ana pehea e hoʻopaʻi aku ai iā Rusia a me Kina no ka cyberattacks, me kekahi poʻe loio e hele a hiki i ka mahalo inā "ʻo ka [SolarWinds] hoʻokomo pūnaewele i kahi 'hana kaua, '" wahi a Palekana Haʻihaʻi. ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia mau ʻōlelo he hiki i nā ʻāina āpau ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa a pale aku, a ʻo ka "ʻaihue" i ka ʻikepili a me ka ʻike mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he kuʻuna manawa hanohano o nā keʻena spook. E lilo ia i hana kaua inā wale nō e alakaʻi i ka pōʻino kino i nā lako koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻike ʻana o ka cyberattacks e like me ka Lūkini a i ʻole ka Pākē ma luna o nā hōʻike o ka manaʻo ʻia ʻo Rūsia a i ʻole Kina "hōʻailona" i loko o ka polokalamu. ʻO nā mea hana hacking a CIA, nā kikoʻī o ia mea i loaʻa i loko Hale Kūʻai 7 o WikiLeaks, e hōʻike ana e hiki ke hoʻopunipuni ʻia kēlā mau inoa e ka ʻoihana. Nā mea hana NSA hoolaha e kekahi hui i kapaia ka ʻO Shadow Brokers i ka pūnaewele i ka makahiki 2017 hōʻike i ka NSA hiki nō hoʻi pūlima spoof o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​hui hacker. He hoike mai Poʻeleʻele i kapa ʻia ʻo "Nation State Actors on the Darknet" i ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea hana a NSA i hoʻolaha ʻia e ka Shadow Brokers me UNITEDRAKE, ka mea "hāʻawi i ka mana kūʻokoʻa e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kumu o ka hoʻouka ʻana, e kuhikuhi pono ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana i kekahi ʻāina a i ʻole pūʻulu hacking." Hoʻopili hou ʻia kēia pilikia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia mau mea hana hiki ke loaʻa i kēia manawa i nā mea hackers a pau. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana i ke kumu o ka polokalamu mai ka code "signatures" ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka manaʻo.

No ke aha i manaʻo ai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻaʻole e hack ʻo Rūsia a Kina paha i nā ʻōnaehana o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ke ʻike mākou a pau e hana mau ana ka NSA a me ka CIA i nā ʻōnaehana mai nā wahi a pau o ka honua? Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike ʻo Edward Snowden ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me kāna ʻElima Nānā Ua hana nā hoa hana i nā mea āpau (a laila kekahi) a lākou e hoʻopiʻi nei iā Rūsia a me Kina. XKeyscore a Prism, ʻelua o nā papahana NSA nui loa, i hōʻike i ke ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana a puni ka honua i hacked a hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia e ka ʻoihana naʻauao. ʻO ka NSA's Tailored Access Operations hacked hardware i hele i nā ʻāina like ʻole, e hāʻawi ana i ka NSA me nā puka hope kino i nā lako i nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka US a me kāna mau hoa ʻelima mau maka i hacked i nā ʻōnaehana ma ke koena o ka honua, ʻaʻole hoʻi i mālama i kā lākou mau hoa pili NATO e like me Belgium a me Kelemānia. ʻO ka mea hoʻohālikelike o ka NSA UK, ka GCHQ, hacked ʻO Belgacom (ʻike ʻia ʻo Proximus i kēia manawa), ka hui kelepona nui loa o Belgium, nāna e hoʻohana i ka nui o nā loulou ʻikepili ma ka honua. Mālama ia i nā miliona o ka poʻe me nā luna kiʻekiʻe mai ka European Commission, ka European Parliament, a me ka European Council. Wahi a ka lā Pepeluali 2016 Haawina i loko o ka Local, ua hōʻike ʻia nā palapala WikiLeaks ua hoʻolohe ʻo NSA i ke kamaʻilio pilikino a Kelemania "Chancellor Angela Merkel me nā alakaʻi o ka honua."

Ua hoʻokau ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi hoʻolaha honua e kūʻē i ka hui ʻenehana multinational Kina ʻo Huawei no ka lilo ʻana i mea palekana no nā pūnaewele honua a ʻōlelo ʻo ia ka ʻoihana maʻemaʻe ʻaʻohe mea Kina. Ma Malaki 2014, ka New York Times a ʻO ke aniani Ua hōʻike ʻia ma kahi papahana NSA i kapa ʻia ʻo "Shotgiant" nāna i hack i nā ʻōnaehana Huawei a me kāna pūnaewele e ʻike i kahi loulou ma waena o Huawei a me ka People's Liberation Army. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka New York Times, "Akā ua hele ʻē aʻe nā hoʻolālā: e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana a Huawei i ka wā i kūʻai aku ai ka hui i nā lako i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe - me nā hui a me nā lāhui e pale aku nei i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana ʻAmelika - hiki i ka NSA ke holo ma o kā lākou kamepiula a kelepona. nā pūnaewele e hana i nā mākaʻikaʻi a, inā kauoha ʻia e ka pelekikena, hana ʻino i nā cyberoperations. Hoʻohui ka Times hōʻike, e ʻōlelo ana i kahi palapala NSA a me Der Spiegel i hōʻike ai, "ʻO ka nui o kā mākou mau pahuhopu e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā huahana i hana ʻia e Huawei… 'a puni ka honua.

Hōʻike ka palapala NSA ma luna nei ʻaʻole i alakaʻi wale ka NSA i nā hana kiaʻi ma nā ʻoihana o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe akā ua hana pū kekahi i nā hana ʻino. No laila inā ʻo ka NSA a i ʻole ka Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo CIA ʻO nā kamepiula, nā mea ala ala a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana ʻē aʻe o kahi ʻāina, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokuʻu wale i ka ʻikepili mai kēia mau pūnaewele akā loaʻa pū kekahi i ka hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā pōpō logic i loko o ka pūnaewele pahuhopu a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana e hoʻoiho iā lākou i lalo.

I loko o ka reenactment o ka mua o ka Peresidena Obama kaua kaua ma 2013-14 ku e China a Lukia ma ka cyberwar a me ka cyberespionage, ke hoʻopuka nei ka hoʻokele Biden i nā cyberhacks nui a pau o ka honua i nā mea hana 'ino' Lūkini a me Kina. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o Obama ma muli o ka pōʻino ʻo Snowden nā hōʻike. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ʻo ʻAmelika ua poina ka honua iā Snowden. Ua mākaukau hou ka manawa no ka hana hou ʻana i ka hacking iā Russia a me Kina, me ka hoʻokele Biden hoʻomau ʻO nā kulekele confrontationist a Trump e pili ana i kēia mau ʻāina ʻelua.

ʻO ka nīnau, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā mana hoʻopaʻapaʻa, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomau i ka pāʻani ma kēia ala o ka hakakā? Hiki iā mākou ke pāʻani i kēia pāʻani noʻonoʻo o ka moa cyber me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā hopena pōʻino? Hiki i nā mana o ka cyber offensive ke alakaʻi me ka ʻike ʻole i kahi hoʻouka ʻana i loaʻa nā hopena kino a, no laila, i ke kaua kino?

Me Hoʻouka ʻia ʻo Stuxnet ma nā centrifuges o Iran, kahi laina o ka hana ʻole i ka pōʻino kino me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā cyberweapons—ka cyber Rubicon—ua hala. E ʻaʻahu iā ia i ke ʻano a mākou e makemake ai, ʻo ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā mea hana radioactive mea hiki ke alakaʻi i ka leaka radioactive hiki ke hōʻailona i ka hoʻohana mua ʻana i kahi cyberweapon.

I ka hana hou ʻana i ka manawa o ka pōma atom, kahi i manaʻo ai ʻo ʻAmelika he monopoli lōʻihi ma luna o nā mea kaua nuklea, ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ʻAmelika i kāna. ʻO ke aupuni cyber e lilo i ka wā lōʻihi. ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka hōʻole ʻana o ʻAmelika i kekahi manaʻo e pāpā i nā cyberweapons—i loko o kahi hōʻike o Mei 2012 i paʻi ʻia e ka hui noʻonoʻo ʻoihana pili honua ʻo Chatham House, "Cyber ​​Security and International Law"—Mary Ellen O'Connell mai ke Kulanui o Notre Dame Law School a me Chatham ʻO Louise Arimatsu ka hale wehewehe ʻO ke kūʻē ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā manaʻo no ke kuʻikahi e pili ana paha me "ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ʻAmelika e hoʻohana i ka Pūnaewele no nā kumu hoʻomāinoino… Ua ʻōlelo ākea nā luna o ʻAmelika ʻo Cyber ​​Command ka mea pale nui, akā ʻo ka makemake ʻole e hoʻokipa i ka manaʻo o kahi kuʻikahi hoʻokuʻu kaua cyberspace. ke hāpai nei i nā nīnau e pili ana i ke kūlana US maoli. "

Ua hōʻole ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me kāna mau hoa NATO i nā hoʻāʻo a pau i loko o ke kahua o nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa e pāpā i nā cyberweapons. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Rūsia, Kina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e hana i kahi kaʻina UN e kūkākūkā ai i kahi kuʻikahi maluhia cyber. I ka makahiki 2009, Ua manao o Rusia i kuikahi i hoʻohālike ʻia ma ka Hui Kūkākūkā Mea kaua e pāpā ai i nā cyberweapons, he kelepona iā ia 'ōlelo hou i ka UN. Ua hōʻole ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kēlā me kēia manawa, me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pono i kēlā me kēia ʻāina e ʻae i ka Tallinn Manual. ʻO ka ʻO Tallinn Manual kahi haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao paʻa ʻole kākoʻo ʻia e kahi hui o nā ʻāina NATO e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kānāwai honua no ka cyberspace. ʻAʻole ia e kāhea i ka pāpā ʻana i nā cyberweapons akā wehewehe wale i ke ʻano o ka cyberweapon a me kahi e hoʻohana ai i ke kānāwai honua. ʻIke loa, ʻaʻole mamao loa ka Tallinn Manual mai kahi kuʻikahi no ka mālama ʻana i ka maluhia cyber a me ka pāpā ʻana i nā cyberweapons.

Ke kū mai nei nā hoʻoweliweli Cybersecurity e like me kekahi o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o ke kenekulia 21. ʻAʻole ʻo nā Lūkini a me nā Pākē wale nō ka poʻe e hāpai nei i ke kuikahi maluhia ma ka pūnaewele—a i ʻole ma ka liʻiliʻi o ke kūkākūkā ʻana o nā hana a me nā hana ʻole i ka wā cyber. Me ka leak o nā mea hana a ka NSA ma ka pūnaewele a ma hope o WannaCry ransomware hoʻouka kaua, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻenehana pilikua like Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Microsoft e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā mokuʻāina (heluhelu: ka NSA i kēia hihia) ʻaʻole hoʻopaʻa a hoʻohana nā nāwaliwali i nā ʻōnaehana.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i hōʻole ʻole ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻaʻole ia ʻo ka hoʻokahi cyber hegemon. He hōʻike i kapa ʻia ʻo "National Cyber ​​Power Index 2020" e ka Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Ua helu ʻia ka mana cyber o nā ʻāina ma nā mana ʻino a me ka pale. ʻOiai ʻo ʻAmelika ka mea pāʻani poʻokela, aia ʻo Kina i ka lua o ka wahi a e hopu wikiwiki ana. ʻO Rūsia, ʻo UK a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i kahi mamao ma hope.

Me nā ʻōnaehana kamepiula a me nā ʻupena e kākoʻo ana i ka ʻōnaehana honua, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilikia o nā cyberweapons i ka honua ma mua o ka wā ma mua. Inā ʻaʻole mākou e hana no ka maluhia cyber, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohuli i kahi hoʻololi cyber pōʻino a hiki paha i ka ʻāʻī ʻana o ka pūnaewele puni honua me nā palena paʻakikī. He mea koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole mākou e komo i ka ʻāina ʻoi aku ka weliweli o ke kaua wela i hoʻomaka mua ma ke ʻano he cyberwar.