Ma kahi kokoke i ʻelua pule mai ka wā i hoʻokumu ai ka pāremata o Paraguay i kahi hoʻokahuli aupuni i hoʻoneʻe iā Pelekikena Fernando Lugo mai ka mana a hoʻonoho i hope pelekikena ʻo Fernando Franco ma kona wahi, he 9 mau mahina ma mua o ke koho pelekikena e hiki mai ana.
I ka heluhelu ʻana i nā ʻatikala e puka mai ana mai ʻAmelika Hema, ua hoʻāʻo wau e ʻōwili i koʻu poʻo a puni ʻaʻole i ka mea i hana ʻia ma Paraguay akā he aha ke ʻano o ka ʻāina. A makaʻu wau ʻaʻole maikaʻi. Ke hoʻopili kekahi i nā kiko - ʻo ka nui o ia mau mea e koi hou aku i ka hoʻokolokolo hou ʻana-e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāina o ka ʻāina i ka hui ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao multi-lateral i mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka mana hoʻokele waiwai a me ka politika a ua pilikia loa.
Ua kānalua mau wau i nā koi a Hugo Chavez a i ʻole nā leo anti-militarist ma ʻaneʻi ma ka ʻāina i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻo ʻAmelika i kāna mau hoʻolālā no ka ʻāina i kona hoʻokō ʻana i ka "Full Spectrum Dominance" - ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe ma o nā aupuni papeti elite a ma o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o ka pūʻali koa. Ma waena o ka nānā hou ʻana o ka US i ka Hikina Waena a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā aupuni hema hema ma Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Argentina, Ecuador, a me Uruguay, ka manaʻo o ka ʻāina e hāʻule ana i nā ʻano hoʻoweliweli imperial/neoliberal o nā makahiki 70, ʻO nā makahiki 80, a me nā makahiki 90 me he mea lā ua ʻoi loa ka politika a ʻaʻole hiki ke kūpono.
ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu.
No ka mea i ka nānā ʻana i nā mana e pāʻani nei ma Paraguay e ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole mamao loa ka hala. ʻO lākou nā mana ma hope o kēia hoʻokahuli aupuni ʻino ʻole, kahi hanana i ʻike ʻia he ʻanuʻu wale nō i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻaelike lōʻihi i hana ʻia ma waena o ka oligarchy Paraguayan, nā pono agribusiness multinational, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻAʻole ʻo Lugo he mea keakea, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i lawelawe wikiwiki i ko lākou mau pono. Eia kekahi, ʻo kona ʻae ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻāpana e like me UNASUR a me Mercosur - kahi i kipaku ʻia ai ʻo Paraguay i kēia manawa - ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e hoʻoweliweli i ka palekana o kēia mau kālā a me nā pono koa.
No ke aha ʻo Paraguay?
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāina ʻilihune loa ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻo Paraguay i paʻa i ka ʻāina. He kumu nui kēia i hiki ai ke hoʻokahuli aupuni ma ʻaneʻi a ʻaʻole ma kahi me ka mana nui o ka honua a me ka ʻāpana e like me Brazil. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ʻo Paraguay e nā multinationals nui loa i ka mahiʻai a me ka pūʻali koa US. Ma nā ʻano he nui ka ʻāina he petri dish no ka ʻāina: hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pilikia politika, ʻoihana a me ka lāhui. He kanaono pākēneka o ka 6.5 miliona Paraguayans e noho ana i ka ʻilihune. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻilihune e pili ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻokele waiwai e pili ana i ka mahiʻai ʻo Paraguay kekahi o nā ʻāpana nui loa o ka ʻāina ma ka ʻāina: 85% o ka ʻāina i ka lima o 2% o ka heluna kanaka. He ʻāina feudal hohonu loa ia.
uuku mahiʻai ʻO ka poʻe mahiʻai a me ka poʻe ʻōiwi Paraguayans he poʻe mahiʻai ola, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia a hoʻoneʻe ikaika ʻia mai ko lākou ʻāina aku e hana i nā mea kanu soya a me ka pulupulu nui. Ka hoʻopaʻi ʻino ʻana o mahiʻai ka neʻe ʻana—e like me nā hanana ma Curuguaty i lilo i kumu kumu no ka wehe ʻana iā Lugo - ua hana ʻia ma Paraguay no nā makahiki he ʻumi i kēia manawa i ka ulu ʻana o nā hakakā ʻāina me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻoihana mahiai.
Ma ka politika, aia ka noho aupuni ma Paraguay ma ka lima o ka Colorado Party no 61 makahiki a hiki i ke koho ʻana o ka pīhopa Katolika kahiko ʻo Fernando Lugo i ka makahiki 2008, he mea kākoʻo i nā pono ʻōiwi, hoʻoponopono ʻāina, a me nā papahana ola kanaka. Akā ʻoiai ʻo kāna ʻaoʻao, ʻo The Alianza Patriotico para el Cambio (Patriotic Alliance for Change) i kākoʻo mua ʻia i ke kākoʻo o ke alo o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole i kākoʻo ʻia ka hapa nui o nā noho ma ka ʻaha kūkā. A ʻo ka hope pelekikena ʻo Fernando Franco o ka ʻaoʻao Liberal, ʻaʻole ia i hūnā i kona kūʻē ʻana me Lugo a me kona makemake no ka pelekikena.
Kūlike ʻole i kāna moʻolelo mele ma mua o ka pelekikena, ʻo Lugo ka pelekikena i hana liʻiliʻi loa mahiʻai kumu a hoʻoikaika maoli i ka hoʻoponopono ʻāina. Ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻokuke ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻi hewa ʻana i ke kūʻē a ma hope ua hoʻoneʻe ʻo Lugo a hoʻokaʻawale i nā neʻe i kākoʻo mua iā ia. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ke kākoʻo ākea ʻaʻole i loko a i waho o ka ʻaha kūkā, ʻo kāna hoʻoneʻe ʻana he hana maʻalahi i alakaʻi ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao nui ʻelua, ʻo Colorado a me Liberal.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hoihoi a koʻikoʻi i kēia mau mea a pau ka aina ma Curuguaty kahi o ka hui o nā kauhale Ua kipaku ʻia ʻo ia e nā mākaʻi ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 ma Iune 19 no kahi senator mua a lōʻihi o Colorado Party, ʻo Blas Riquleme. No laila ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke manaʻoʻiʻo i ka mea a ka poʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kumu o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana iā Lugo: he pahele. Akā ke hoʻomau nei ka underhandedness.
Nā pono haole, nā hoa makamaka
Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻaoʻao hoʻomalu kahiko e makemake ana e hoʻopaʻa i ko lākou ʻāina, aia nā manaʻo hohonu i ka hana i ka hoʻokahuli kūʻē iā Lugo.
ʻO ka mea mua a me ka mea nui ka agribusiness. ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka Monsanto kaulana he mea pāʻani nui ma Paraguay. ʻOhi ka hui i nā royalties ma ka soy transgenic a me nā hua pulupulu i kanu ʻia ma Paraguay, a i ka makahiki 2011 ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia he $30 biliona ʻauhau ʻole. A ʻo 40% o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka soy Paraguayan nona ka ʻoihana pilikino US-based Cargill ($100 biliona kālā makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki). Eia hou, ʻoluʻolu nā ʻoihana agribusiness ma Paraguay i nā pale ākea mai Congress a ʻaʻole uku ʻauhau.
Ua hōʻole kēia poʻe mahiʻai i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke komo ʻana i nā kipaku ʻino ma Paraguay. A ʻaʻole lākou pili. ʻO ka poʻe pōā i hoʻolimalima ʻia e ka poʻe nona ka ʻāina e ʻimi nei e hoʻonui a hoʻololi i ka loaʻa kālā kiʻekiʻe ma kā lākou mau hua Monsanto e hana i ka hana lepo. ʻO nā mea hou aʻe e pili ana i kēlā mau mea ʻāina ma hope.
No ka pale ʻana iā lākou iho, loaʻa i kēia mau ʻoihana kā lākou hui aupuni. ʻO kekahi i nā hui hana mahiʻai nui ma Paraguay a ʻo kekahi i ka media. ʻO Cargill, Syngenta, a me Agrosan kekahi ʻāpana o ka hui ʻoihana, ʻo Grupo Zuciollio (Zuciollio Group), nona ka inoa mai Aldo Zuciollio, ka mea nona kekahi o nā nūpepa Paraguayan nui. Waihoʻoluʻu ABC.
Wahi a ka mea kākau moʻolelo noiʻi Paraguayan ʻo Idilio Mendez Grimaldi, ʻo kekahi o nā kumu ma hope o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana o Lugo ʻo ia ke kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o kāna kuhina i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka hua pulupulu transgenic a Monsanto i loko o ka ʻāina. Ma hope o ke poʻo o ka National Service for the Quality of Seeds, ʻaʻole i ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke Kuhina Ola, a me ke Kuhina Kaiapuni i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hua i ka mākeke. Waihoʻoluʻu ABC alakaʻi i ka hoʻopiʻi kūʻē ʻana iā lākou no ka palaho.
ʻO ka hana a Wakinekona: Southern Command & USAID
ʻOiai ua hoʻopau nā ʻāina e like me ʻEkuador i nā pūʻali koa US ma ka hōʻole ʻana i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā pūʻali koa ʻEkuadorian i ke Kula ʻo ʻAmelika a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻololi hou i kā lākou ʻaelike no kahi kahua kaua US, ʻaʻole hopohopo ka noho pūʻali koa US ma ia wahi. Ke pani ʻia kahi waihona, wehe ʻia kekahi, ma Colombia (11 mau pūnaewele me ka US komo), Peru (8 pūnaewele me ka US komo), a i ʻole Paraguay.
ʻO Paraguay kahi home o ʻelua mau kahua US: ʻo ka Mariscal Estigarribia aia wale nō 155 mau mile mai Bolivia a haʻaheo i kahi mokulele 10,000 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi i kūkulu ʻia no nā mokulele nui, a me ka DEA base Pedro Juan Caballero ma ka palena me Brazil kahi e holo ai ʻo US Southern Command. hooikaika kaua mau. ʻOiai i ka makahiki 2009 ua ʻōlelo ʻo Lugo i kona hōʻole ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā hana o ka US Southern Command ma ka ʻāina, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ke komo ʻana i Paraguay mai 2005, i ka manawa i hāʻawi ai ka pelekikena mua ʻo Nicanor Duarte Frutos i kahi noho 18 mau mahina a me ka pale ʻana i nā koa US 400 i komo. ka aina. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e kekahi, ʻo ia mau pūʻali koa Hema e hoʻomau nei a ua hoʻonui paha.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka pūʻali koa US ma ka ʻāina mai ke kau inoa ʻana o ka Northern Zone Initiative (IZN) i kapa ʻia e ka poʻe he nui e like me Paraguay. Hoʻolālā Colombia i kona hāʻawi 'ana i "kōkua kanaka". Ua pūlima ʻia me ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 1961, i ka wā o ke aupuni dictatorship o Alfredo Stroessener. Mai ka "hāʻule" o ka dictatorship ma 1989 (ma nā hua'ōlelo no ka mea ua ʻae ʻia i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aupuni democracy me ka ʻole e hoʻoneʻe i nā pūʻali koa koa mai ka mana) ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka ʻaelike IZN ma ka ʻaha kūkā o Paraguayan.
ʻO kekahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka mea pohihihi ma hope o ka luku ʻana ma Curuguaty ʻo ia nā pūʻali hana Paraguayan kūikawā (Grupo Especial de Operaciones, GEO) i alakaʻi i ka hoʻouka kaua ma ka nā kauhale ua aʻo ʻia e US Southern Command ma Kolombia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka Plan Colombia framework. ʻEono mau mākaʻi me ke poʻo o ka GEO i make i ka hanana, ʻo ia ka mahiʻai hui Coordinadora por la Recuperación de Tierras Malhabidas (Coordinator for the Recuperation of Ilegal Land) i ʻōlelo ʻia ua hoʻonui ʻia e ka hele ʻana o nā mea hoʻokomo pū. ʻOi aku ma mua o kahi pahele, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia paha ʻo Curuguaty.
ʻO kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi i ke komo ʻana o US ma Paraguay ʻo USAID, e hana pū ana me ka Paraguayan Supreme Court, ke Kuhina Hacienda, a me nā mea ola palekana. Ua kākau maikaʻi ʻia ke kuleana o USAID ma ka ʻāina ma ke ʻano he ikaika o ka destabilization e hūnā ana ma hope o ke kōkua kanaka. Ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi ʻo Jeremy Bigwood lāua ʻo Eva Golinger i hōʻike ʻia ma 2009 ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā palapala i wehewehe ʻia, ua ninini ʻo USAID i hoʻokahi piliona kālā i loko o nā hana "decentralization" ma Bolivia a me $60 miliona ma Venezuela. Ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā keʻena like ʻole no Transition Initiatives (OTIs) a me ke kālā ʻana i nā ʻoihana kūʻē i ke aupuni, ua hāpai ʻo USAID i nā neʻe hoʻokaʻawale a me nā mea kūʻē i nā ʻāina ʻelua e hoʻonui i kahi papahana pro-Washington.
I Kekemapa o ka makahiki i hala, ua kau inoa ka Colorado Party i kahi ʻaelike me ka Resource Information Center (CIRD), ka lima kūloko o USAID, ka mea i manaʻo i ka "dialogue" nui aʻe. ʻO ke poʻo o ka CIRD ʻo Alavaro Carrizosa, ka hoahānau o ka moho pelekikena mua a me ke senator Manuel Carrizosa o ka pāʻina.Patria Querida i hui pū me nā ʻaoʻao Colorado a me Liberal ma ke koho balota e hoʻokuke iā Lugo.
Inā ʻaʻole lawa kēia, tʻO Liliana Ayala ka ʻelele ʻAmelika i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka luna alakaʻi o USAID ma Bolivia. ʻO kāna mea mua ʻo James Cason, ʻo ia ka mea ma mua o kona ʻelele i alakaʻi i ka US Interests Section ma Havana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka anti-Castro propaganda / Cuba destabilization ʻēheu o ka Moku'āina. I ka makahiki 2010, Hope Kakauolelo o ka Defence no ka Western Hemispheric Affairs a me ka mea kākau o ʻO Paraguay a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIaʻO Frank Mora, ua hoʻokipa ʻia e ka hope pelekikena ʻo Fernando Franco. I kā lākou hālāwai, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mora no ka hoʻomau ʻana a me ka ʻoi aku o ka pūʻali koa US ma ka ʻāina a me ka hoihoi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka IZN.
ʻO ka palupalu a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka lokahi āpana
Ma hope o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni i ka Pōʻalima i hala, ua kipaku ka Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) a me ke kino waiwai ʻo Mercosur iā Paraguay ma ke ʻano he lālā. Akā ma nā ʻano he nui, ʻo ia paha ka mea i makemake ai ka oligarchy politika Paraguayan a me ka US. ʻO UNASUR lāua ʻo Mercosur e hōʻike ana i nā ʻaelike kūloko o ka launa pū ʻana, ka demokala, ka mana aupuni, ka palekana palena, ka biosecurity, ka hoʻonohonoho pūʻali koa a me ka pale ʻana, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke komo ʻana o US - nā hana e kaupalena pono ai i ka mana o nā multinationals a me Wakinekona.
ʻO Paraguay ka ʻāina hope loa i hui pū me UNASUR, a i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa inoa ai ʻo Lugo i ka māhele democracy o Mercosur e pāpā ana i ka hoʻohaunaele aupuni, nūpepa. Waihoʻoluʻu ABC Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia i ka pelekikena mua no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mana aupuni. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka pepa e pili ana i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā ʻaelike palekana palena i nā mea kanu soy ma ka palena o Brazil. Hana ʻia he kanaiwa pākēneka o ka soy Paraguayan e ka poʻe nona ka ʻāina i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Brasiguayos' ma ka ʻāina lush a me ke kānāwai ʻaʻohe kanaka ʻo ia ka palena ʻo Brazil-Paraguay. Ka nui o ka hana ino nā kauhale a ʻo nā ʻōiwi i kūkākūkā ʻia ma luna nei ua hana ʻia e kēia mau Brasiguayos.
Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni, ua lele ʻo Paraguayan delegation/lobby i Brazil e hoʻāʻo e hui me ka pelekikena ʻo Dilma Rouseff. ʻOiai ua hōʻole ʻo ia, ua hui ka lobby me ka Agricultural Parliamentary Front e hōʻike ana i 230 mau loio Brazilian. Ma ka hālāwai, Homerio Periera, ka pelekikena o ka mua a me ka congressman o Matto Grosso - ka mokuʻāina ʻo Brazil i lilo i hōʻailona honua o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ulu lāʻau ma ka inoa o ka waiwai soy - hōʻike i kāna kākoʻo no ke aupuni hou.
ʻO ka Paraguayan Congress kekahi kino hoʻokahi e pale ana i ke komo ʻana o Venezuela i Mercosur. I kēia manawa ua pāpā ʻia ka ʻāina mai ke kino a hiki i nā koho balota e hiki mai ana, e hoʻokipa ʻo Mercosur iā Venezuela i waena ona e like me Iulai 31st.
He aha ke ʻano o ia mea?
He ho'āʻo kēia hoʻokahuli aupuni no ka nahu ʻana o Mercosur lāua ʻo UNASUR i ko lāua ʻili, a i ʻole ke ola wale nei kā lāua ʻaelike no ke kūʻokoʻa kūloko ma ka pepa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia, me he mea lā e ʻae nā mea ʻelua i ke komo hou ʻana o Paraguay ma hope o ke koho balota ʻana o ka ʻāina i ʻApelila 2013. ʻO ka hapa nui o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe - e pili ana i ke kuleana politika e pale aku i ka multinational, ka ʻāina, a me nā pono US. ʻOiai ʻo kā lākou kamaʻilio kūʻē ʻana i ka neoliberalism, ʻo nā aupuni hema hema e like me Brazil a me ʻAmelika e holomua a mālama i nā ʻāpana like e hoʻonāukiuki i kā lākou kālai'āina a hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ka kūpaʻa o ko lākou ʻāina. I nā ʻāina e like me Bolivia a me Venezuela i ʻoi aku ka hōʻole ʻana i ko lākou elite aupuni ma o ka hana ʻana i nā hana wiwo ʻole i nā mea e like me ka hoʻoponopono ʻāina a me ka nationalization, ʻo ka pane ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna a me ka destabilization holoʻokoʻa. Akā ʻaʻole e like me Paraguay, ʻaʻole i kūleʻa kēia mau hoʻāʻo.
ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Grimaldi ʻo ia ka manaʻo o Lugo e hiki iā ia ke "hoʻomalu me ka imperialism, me ka feudal oligarchy a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ʻākau" i alakaʻi ai i kona pio. He mea pōʻino ka mea ʻepekema politika ʻAmelika ʻo Atilio Boron i kapa ʻia he aupuni "weliweli holomua" ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻolauna i kahi kākoʻo ākea ākea a waiho i nā ʻaoʻao ma kona ʻaoʻao.
Me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka ʻāina e noho aliʻi ma ka mana o ka pūʻali koa US, USAID, multinationals, a me nā oligarchies politika kūloko, ua lilo ka mea i hana ʻia ma Paraguay i mea ʻōlelo aʻo nui a maopopo i ka ʻāina e hoʻoweliweli hou ana nā phantoms o Latin America i hala.
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