No ka manawa mua mai ka makahiki 1921, ʻo Michael Collins me ka makemake ʻole
ua ʻae ʻo ia i ka māhele ʻana o ʻIlelani e ka poʻe Pelekania, ka ʻaoʻao kālaiʻāina ʻo Irish Republican
Ua mālama ʻo Sinn Fein (Irish no "mākou wale nō") i nā kamaʻilio kūhelu me ka poʻe Pelekania
aupuni. No ka manawa mua loa nā lālā o ka hui unionist nui loa, ka Ulster
Ua noho ʻo Unionist Party (UUP), ma ka lumi like me Sinn Fein, inā he mau minuke wale nō. Akā naʻe
ua hoʻomaka ʻino nā kamaʻilio. ʻO ke alakaʻi ʻo UUP ʻo David Trimble i hoʻopaʻa i ka lā mua. ʻO ka
ʻO ka lā ʻelua o ke kamaʻilio ʻana ua hoʻopau ʻia e kahi pōkā i pahū i mua o kahi mākaʻi o ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi
kahua, i kanu ʻia e kekahi pūʻulu mamala Repubalika kūʻē i kapa ʻia ʻo Continuity Army
Ahaolelo. ʻO Rev. Ian Paisley o ka ʻaoʻao Demokarata Unionist a me Robert
ʻO McCartney o ka United Kingdom Unionist Party i hoʻopaʻa ʻole i nā kamaʻilio. I ka wa a Davida
Ua ʻae ʻo Trimble e noho ma ka lumi hoʻokahi me nā alakaʻi o Sinn Fein ʻo Gerry Adams a
ʻO Martin McGuinness, ua lawa ka lōʻihi o ke koi ʻana iā Sinn Fein e kipaku ʻia mai ka
kamaʻilio. A laila, lele akula ʻo ia i waho, ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manawa e pane aku ai nā ʻelele o Sinn Fein. In
ka pōʻaiapili o Northern Ireland, he holomua kēia.ʻO nā kamaʻilio maluhia ma Stormont Castle ma Belfast e kū nei i nā pilikia kupaianaha
a me ke kūʻē ikaika ʻana mai ka ʻaoʻao kālaiʻāina, me ka poʻe kākoʻo paʻakikī i ka Pelekane
ʻO nā unionists a me nā mea kūpaʻa a me kekahi poʻe kū'ē Repubalika e ʻimi nei e hoʻopau i kekahi kuʻikahi.
Akā i ka makahiki 1997, aia kekahi mau mea hou e hōʻike ana i ka pau ʻana o ke ahi ʻelua o ka IRA
hiki ke hua mai i ka hua mua. I ka makahiki 1994, ua mālama ʻo Kuhina Nui ʻo John Major i kahi
ka hapa nui o ka Hale o ke Aupuni, e hilinai ana i ke kokua ana o na lala uniona o
Ahaolelo e hooponopono. No laila, ua hoʻopaʻa pio ʻia ʻo ia i ka unionism, hāpai ʻia
he nui na keakea i ke komo ana o Sinn Fein i na kamailio, a ua hoopau i ka IRA mua
hooki-ahi. Ua hauʻoli ke Kuhina Nui o Labour, ʻo Tony Blair, i ka hapa nui
ʻO ka Pāremata a me 93 pakeneka ka ʻae ʻia ʻana a ʻaʻole hilinaʻi i ka unionism no kāna
ola politika. Ua hoʻonoho pū ʻo Blair i ka lā palena o Mei 1998 no kahi hoʻoholo
hiki aku.Ua hoʻopau ke aupuni o Blair i ke koi ʻana iā Sinn Fein
decommission mea kaua ma ke ano he precondition i ke komo 'ana i loko o nā kamaʻilio, he koi koi o
nā hui unionist mainstream (me ka UUP) akā he mea i hōʻole ka IRA e hana
pōkole o kahi hoʻoponopono. Manaʻo ʻo Sinn Fein e hiki mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o IRA i ka pōʻaiapili o
ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa holoʻokoʻa o Northern Ireland, me ka lawe ʻia ʻana o 20,000 Pelekane
pūʻali koa. ʻOiai ka ʻae ʻana o Blair no ka hoʻopau ʻana, ʻo ke Kuhina Nui
ua hoʻokō ʻo Trimble i nā kamaʻilio, inā no ka manawa pōkole i ka wā mua. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me ia
ʻelua mau ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi i hui pū ʻia me nā hui paramilitary kūpaʻa. ʻO kēia manawa a puni
ʻAʻole hiki i nā unionists ke kāhea i nā kiʻi a hoʻonohonoho i ka papahana, no lākou
ʻO ka maʻamau ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana quo a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka loli nui. ʻO kekahi
Ua ʻae pū nā unionists, me Trimble's UUP, i kahi ʻae nui: waiho
kaawale ka hihia o ka hoopau ana i na koa a hiki i ka aelike.Aia ʻo Sinn Fein i kahi kūlana ikaika, ua lanakila ʻo ia i kāna koho kiʻekiʻe
i nā koho balota o Mei (16 pakeneka o ka huina balota, a kokoke i 45 pakeneka o ka
koho lahui). ʻO ka pāʻina, kekahi o nā mea holomua loa o Ireland, ua lanakila ʻelua mau noho ma ka
Pāremata Pelekāne. Ua lanakila pū ʻo ia i kahi noho ma ka pāremata Dublin i ka mahina aʻe, a
paʻa i nā noho kūloko a kalana ma ʻIlelani, ʻākau a me ka hema. Ua kau inoa ʻo Sinn Fein i ka
ʻO Mitchell Principles, me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana hoʻomāinoino ʻole, i Kepakemapa, i kapa ʻia ma hope
ʻO Senatoa ʻAmelika mua ʻo George Mitchell, nāna e noho i nā kamaʻilio.
Keakea e Hoololi
Ke kānalua nui nei ka poʻe Nationalists i ke aupuni Labour hou
ma hope o ka hana ʻino mokuʻāina ma ke alanui Garvaghy ma Portadown, Iulai 6. I ka makahiki 1996, i ka manawa
ʻO ka hoʻohaunaele kūpaʻa i hoʻāla i ka hana ʻino loa o ka sectarian mai ka hopena o 1960s, kūʻē.
nā lālā o ka pāremata ʻo Tony Blair lāua ʻo Mo Mowlam, i kēia manawa Kakauolelo o ka mokuʻāina no ka ʻĀkau
Irelani, ua hoowahawaha loa i ke aupuni Nui no ke kua i lalo i ke alo o
ka hana ʻino a me ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana i kahi huakaʻi ʻAlani mai Drumcree Church ma o
ʻO ke kaiāulu Katolika Garvaghy Road o Portadown. Akā i kēia makahiki ma Drumcree, ma hope
nā hoʻoweliweli kūpaʻa o ka hana ʻino i nā makaʻāinana Katolika ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka pā
laina, ua hana like ke aupuni Labour. He mau tausani Royal Ulster Constabulary
(RUC) a me nā koa Pelekāne me nā mea hoʻohaunaele i hōʻea i ke alanui Garvaghy ma ka hola 3:30 AM, hahau a
pana kanaka mai ke alanui a i ko lakou mau hale noho no ka wehe ana i ke alanui no ka
ʻO Malaki Malaki ma hope o kēlā lā, ma kahi o ka hoʻohuli ʻana iā ia mai ke kaiāulu Katolika
e like me kā ka poʻe kamaʻāina i noi ai. Ua weliweli nā mea nānā honua i ka
hana ʻino ʻole aupuni. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo MP ʻApelika Hema ʻo Gura Ebrahim ua like ia
"Sharpesville me ka ʻole o nā kino make." E like me kā kekahi kanaka Pelekāne i kākau ai ma kahi leka
i ka Wakinekona (Iulai 8), "Leo nui a maopopo ka ʻōlelo mai Drumcree.
Ua like ka Labour Hou me ka Labour kahiko… ua hoike mai lakou i ko lakou makemake ole e ku iluna
i ka veto kūpaʻa i ka hoʻololi."ʻO kahi ala ʻē aʻe e hiki ai i kahi hoʻoholo ʻana ʻo ia ka Blair
ka hooikaika ana o ke aupuni i ka ae iloko o na kalana eono, ka mea
ʻo ka poʻe nationalists e kapa ʻia he unionist veto. Ua hōʻoia ʻo Blair i ka Northern Ireland
ʻO 900,000 ka hapa nui o ka poʻe Pelekania i ʻike ʻia i ka unionist ʻaʻole e hoʻololi kumukānāwai
e kūkākūkā me ka ʻae ʻole o ka hapa nui ma ka ʻākau. ʻO ka pilikia, wahi a ka
ʻO 700,000 ka hapanui o ka poʻe Kakolika ʻIlelani ʻōiwi, ʻo ia ka mokuʻāina ʻo ʻIlelani ʻĀkau
Ua manaʻo ʻia e kūkulu i ka hapa nui o ka Protestant. pinepine
i kuhi hewa ʻia ʻo Ulster, ʻo ka mokuʻāina ʻo Northern Ireland he ʻāpana wale nō
o Ulster; ʻekolu o nā kalana ʻeiwa o ka panalāʻau ʻo Ulster i māhele ʻia i ka Irish
Mokuʻāina Kūʻokoʻa i ka makahiki 1921, no ka mea ua hāʻawi lākou i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Ulster i ka hapa nui o ka Katolika. Mai ka
hana ʻia ʻo "He mokuʻāina Kalawina no ka poʻe Kalawina," ma ke ʻano he Kuhina Nui
i ka manawa i kapa ʻia ai, ua hoʻohana ka poʻe Protestant i kā lākou hapa nui (he 18 wale nō lākou
ka pakeneka o ka huina heluna kanaka o Irelani) e hoowahawaha i na Katolika Irish ma
hale, hana, hoʻomalu, a, a hiki i ka makahiki 1970, i nā kuleana koho. "ʻAe like
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka poʻe Pelekania… e pili ana i nā unionists wale nō. ʻAʻohe mea i noi mai i koʻu ʻae. ʻaʻohe kanaka
Ua noi ʻo ia i ka ʻae ʻana o ka poʻe nationalists, "wahi a Sinn Fein alakaʻi Gerry Adams i kahi
ninaninau hou. Makemake ʻo Sinn Fein i ka ʻae ʻana e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka pōʻaiapili āpau-Ireland, a me Sinn ʻelua
Ua ʻae ʻo Fein a me ka ʻaoʻao aupuni ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka Social Democratic and Labor Party
ʻAʻole ka hoʻoponopono kūloko.He haʻiʻōlelo hoʻi ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka maluhia a me nā mea hoʻololi i ka nohona
Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Blair ma Belfast i Mei kahi i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia "mahalo [ed] i ka hui"
a ua wānana ʻo ia ʻaʻole e ola ke keiki ʻōpio i ka hui ʻana
ʻIlelani i kona wā e ola ana. Ditto Northern Ireland Security Kuhina Adam
ʻO ka ʻōlelo a Ingram e hoʻopau ana i ka RUC, e like me ka nui o ke kaiāulu nationalist
koi, ʻaʻole nō e noʻonoʻo ʻia ma nā kamaʻilio.ʻO ka mea hoʻoweliweli ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka hoʻolaha hoʻoweliweli kūpaʻa kūʻē
He mau makaainana Katolika Irish. Ua pepehi ʻia ʻo Bernadette Martin, 18, ma kāna Protestant
ʻO kahi moe o ka hoa kāne ma waho o Portadown ma Iulai 16.
i ka make ma hope o kona kiʻi ʻia ʻana i ka hitchhiking i hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ke kāhea ʻana o ka IRA i kāna hoʻopau ahi.
ʻO ka Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVP)—he hui o nā poʻe kūpaʻa kūʻē i uhaki i ka
ʻO ka mea kūpaʻa i hoʻōki i ke ahi ma Iulai 1996 ma ka pepehi ʻana i kahi kaʻa kaʻa Katolika kokoke i Portadown-are
manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ia ka poʻe pepehi kanaka. ʻO ka poʻe hoʻokūkū kūpaʻa ʻaneʻane hoʻopaʻa wale ʻia
Kivila Katolika. Hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka LVF i ka pepehi kanaka ʻelua mau kānaka kīwila Katolika i ka wā i hala
pūnāwai, me Robert Hamill o Portadown, ka mea i pepehi ʻia a make e kahi hui kūpaʻa
oiai e hele ana i ka hale. ʻOiai ua ʻike kekahi mau RUC i ka pepehi kanaka ʻana o Hamill, ʻaʻohe mea kānalua
ua hopu ʻia, a me kahi paʻi wikiō palekana e ʻike ai i ka poʻe pepehi kanaka
nalo pohihihi. Makaʻu nā Katolika ma Portadown, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka LVF
e hele i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Protestant nui, i ka lā. Kūʻai ʻia nā pālule LVF me
ka hoʻopaʻi ʻole ʻia ma ka hale kūʻai ʻo Portadown, ʻoiai ua pāpā ʻia ka pūʻali make kīnā ʻole. No ka mea
ʻO nā hoʻouka kaua pili kino iā lākou i kēia hāʻule, ʻo nā keiki kula Katolika ma Portadown
e kaʻa ʻia ana ma ke kūlanakauhale.Ua hoʻoweliweli ka LVF e hoʻopā i nā pahuhopu mākaʻikaʻi ma ka hema o
ʻIlelani inā ʻaʻole hāʻawi ke aupuni Dublin i kāna kuleana teritore i ka holoʻokoʻa
mokupuni o Irelani, i kakauia ma ka Pauku 2 a me 3 o kona Kumukanawai. "ʻO nā kamaʻilio
he pōʻino no ka poʻe Protestant," i ʻōlelo ʻia e kahi waha ʻōlelo LVF inoa ʻole, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma
ka ʻO Boston Herald, September 25, 1997."Aole i loaa ia lakou.
kuʻikahi, hoʻopono. ʻAʻohe mea e loaʻa mai. Makemake mākou e hana i ka Irish
aupuni, ka Lepubalika Irish, e pilikia ana," wahi āna. "A ʻaʻole mākou
e hopohopo nui ana i kahi o nā pahu hopu. E hoʻomaka mākou i ka huli ʻana
mākaʻikaʻi—nā mea like. Inā mākou e kau i kahi pōkā ʻōlelo ʻole ma ka hema, e hele ana nā mākaʻikaʻi
e noho kaawale. E hōʻike mākou i ko mākou manaʻo. Loaʻa iā mākou ka mana kanaka. E kū mākou ma
ʻAʻohe mea." ʻAʻole lawe ʻia kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻo.
ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ka poʻe kūpaʻa i ka Repubalika i pepehi i nā kānaka he nui, a ua hana i ka hema ʻo Irish
ʻAʻole makemake ka poʻe e komo i ka politika ʻākau.No ka poʻe holomua US e nānā ana i ka politika o Northern Ireland, a
ka nui o nā nīnau: No ke aha ke kaua lōʻihi loa o ʻEulopa? No ke aha e hana ai ka
Hiki i ka hikina ʻākau o ʻIlelani i loko o ka hana ʻino a me ka haunaele i kēlā me kēia Iulai? No ke aha he poe Katolika
a me ka poe Perotesetane ma ka puu o kekahi? Aia kekahi manaʻolana no ka hoʻoholo maluhia?
ʻO ka manaʻo Protestant Siege Mentality
Ua haʻi aku ʻo David Trimble i ka British Broadcasting Corporation
"ʻaʻole nui ka manaʻo e komo i kahi kaʻina e hoʻolohe ai nā kānaka iā ʻoe, a
a laila e hele a ho'āʻo e kau i kahi hoʻonohonoho i hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻoluʻolu i nā mea hoʻoweliweli." ʻO kekahi
I nā lā ma hope mai, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia iā Sinn Fein "ʻaʻole ia he mea nui i kēia
kaʻina hana." ʻOiai ʻokoʻa ʻo Sinn Fein mai ka IRA, a ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomalu i kāna
nā hana, Trimble a me nā unionists ʻē aʻe e kamaʻilio mau o "Sinn Fein / IRA" i
e kuhikuhi ana i nā loulou o Sinn Fein i ka hoʻoweliweli.No ka hapa nui o nā unionists, ʻaʻole ka pilikia ma ka ʻākau o Ireland
ka hoʻopono ʻole a me ka imperialism, akā ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli a me ke kānāwai. ʻOiai hiki iā lākou ke ʻae ma laila
He hana anti-Katolika, hale, a me ka hoʻokae politika ma Northern Ireland mai 1920
a hiki i ka makahiki 1972, i ka wā i hoʻopau ai ʻo Beretania i ka Pāremata ʻĀina ʻĀkau a kau i ke kānāwai pololei,
Ke kuhi nei kekahi poʻe i kēia ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻole ʻana o ka lāhui i ka poʻe Pelekania
leialii. Hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka hapa nui o nā unionists he moʻolelo ka hoʻokae ʻana i ka Katolika
footnote—hōʻole i nā koi o ka hoʻokae ʻana i kēia manawa—a ʻo ka mea nui
Ua ʻae ʻia nā koi o ka neʻe ʻana i nā pono kīwila i nā makahiki 1970 mua. Inā he mea, lākou
mai ia manawa mai, ua haawi maikai ia na Katolika.ʻO ka hopena i ka hoʻoweliweli, hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā lālā o ka UUP a me DUP, ʻo ia
hoʻonui i ka counterterrorism a me ke kānāwai. Ke koi nei ka Nationalist no ke kālā aupuni no
ʻO nā kula ʻōlelo ʻIlelani a me ka hoʻohuli hou ʻana o ka ʻAlani hoʻopaʻapaʻa e haʻalele i ka Katolika
ʻIke nui ʻia nā wahi e nā unionists e like me Sinn Fein-orchestrated hoʻouka kaua ma Pelekane
moʻomeheu Kalawina. ʻIke ʻo Trimble a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā kamaʻilio maluhia me ka hopohopo no ka mea
makaʻu o hiki mai kekahi mau hoʻololi ma ka lilo o ka pono unionist a, i ka hopena,
ko lakou lahui Beritania. I ka poʻe Kalawina, hoʻouka kaua ʻo Irish Republican i ka mokuʻāina o Beritania
he mau hoouka kaua i ka poe Protestant, e hoomaka ana me na kipi ana o 1641 a me 1689 a
e hoʻomau ana i "nā pilikia" o nā makahiki he 30 i hala.
ʻO kaʻike honua Katolika Irish
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻōiwi Irish, ʻoi aku ka poʻe mai ka papa hana
kaiaulu, ʻike ʻokoʻa i nā mea. Hele ʻo ʻAlani ma waena o nā kaiāulu lāhui
He mea ʻino lākou no ka mea ʻo ka poʻe nationalists ke hōʻailona nei lākou i ka hoʻoluhi ʻia o nā Katolika Irish e
ʻO nā aliʻi Pelekania a me nā Protestant Irish i nā kenekulia a me ka hoʻomau i ka hoʻokae
a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻahahui ʻĀkau ʻĀkau, kahi e noho mau ai ka poʻe Katolika Irish
pōʻino ma ka ʻoihana, ka politika, a me ka moʻomeheu. Kakaikahi mau kakini i paio
ma o nā kaiāulu Katolika ma mua o ka hana ʻino mokuʻāina e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke alanui o
noho kūʻē. Hoʻopilikia pū ʻia nā Nationalists i nā hōʻike ākea o ke kākoʻo no
ʻO nā hui make kūpaʻa i hana pinepine ʻia e Orangemen, ʻo kekahi o lākou he lālā o nā hui ʻelua.Aia ma kahi o 3,000 mau huakaʻi ʻAlani ma ka ʻākau o ʻIlelani i kēlā me kēia
i ke kauwela, ʻelua ka helu ma mua o 15 makahiki i hala. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o Scottish a me English
hele ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ke kai ʻIlelani e hele i loko o lākou. Me he mea lā e hoʻolauleʻa nei kēia mau huakaʻi
ʻO ka lanakila ʻana o ka pūʻali koa Pelekania i ke kenekulia 17 ma luna o nā Katolika ʻIlelani ma ka
paio no ka hoomalu ana ia Irelani—o ka lanakila loa hoi o ka poe Kalawina Holani
ʻO William o Orange ma luna o kona makuahōnōwai kāne Katolika, ʻo ka Mōʻī Pelekane ʻo James II.
ʻO kēia lanakila i ka makahiki 1690 ka hopena o ka hakakā hoʻomana a me ka politika no ka noho aliʻi o
ʻEnelani. Ua hoʻopaʻa pū ʻo ia iā ʻIlelani no ka lei aliʻi ʻEnelani, e hōʻailona ana i ka lanakila nui o
ʻO nā pūʻali Pelekane ma luna o nā pūʻali ʻōiwi Irish.ʻO ka hōʻailona hou aʻe, nā huakaʻi ʻAlani e hoʻolauleʻa nei i kēia mau kaua
e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā kenekulia ʻehā o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o Pelekane a me Protestant ma ʻIlelani. ʻo lākou
no laila ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he "triumphalist" a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ihu Katolika i kā lākou
hoʻomau ka noho ʻana e ka poʻe Pelekania a hoʻomau i ko lākou kūlana papa lua.ʻO ka makahiki 150 o ka Pōloli Nui (An Gorta Mor) o 1845-49
ua hoʻāla ʻia ka nānā hou ʻana i ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ke aupuni Pelekane ma ʻIlani a me kāna
nā hopena pōʻino i ka poʻe Irish. ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻe Protestant ma mua a hiki i kēia manawa
ke kikowaena o ke aupuni Beritania ma Irelani. I loko o nā kenekulia 17 a me 18, ʻōlelo Pelekane a me
Ua hoʻokuke aku nā poʻe Kokolani, nā kūpuna o nā Protestant akau, i ka poʻe Katolika ʻIlelani
95 pakeneka o ka aina o Irelani ma o na kanawai hoopa'i ino, i komo i ka waena
ʻO ke kenekulia 19 i hōʻole i ka poʻe Katolika i ke kuleana e koho balota, kūʻai i ka waiwai, lawelawe i ka hale pāremata
a paʻa i kahi hana aupuni, aʻo i kā lākou mau keiki a hoʻouna paha iā lākou i ka ʻāina ʻē no ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana, e a
he lala o ka ahahui, noho ma ke kiure, he loio a lunakanawai paha, nona ka pu, a lio paha.
ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o ʻelima paona. I kekahi mau manawa ua pani ʻia nā hale mōneka a me nā hale pule.
a ua lawe pio ia na kahuna pule i ka hoopai make.ʻO ka poʻe Katolika ʻilihune loa i koi ʻia e uku i 10 pakeneka o
ko lakou mau loaa makahiki ma ke ano he hapaumi i ka Ekalesia Anglican o Irelani. Ma ka makahiki 1775, ka Katolika
nona ka liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 5 pakeneka o ka ʻāina ma ʻIlelani, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka aneane 100 pakeneka emi iho
200 makahiki ma mua.Ua hoʻokumu ka ʻōlelo Pelekania a me ka Protestant supremacy ma Irelani i ka pilikanaka a
nā kūlana hoʻokele waiwai no ke ʻano o ka pōloli, i hoʻopau i ka Pōloli Nui o
i ka makahiki 1840 i ka manawa mai 1 a 2.5 miliona Irish i make i ka pololi. Toni ka manawa a pau
o ka ai i laweia aku i Enelani e ka puali koa Beritania a me ka Royal Irish Constabulary, ka
mua i ka Royal Ulster Constabulary, ʻo ia ka mākaʻi mokuʻāina i kēia manawa
ke akau. ʻO ka pepehi kanaka nui kekahi mea hana mua o ka "pacification" ma Ireland. Kokoke
ua holoi ʻia ka heluna kanaka holoʻokoʻa o Cuige Mumhan (Munster Province) ma ke komohana hema o ʻIlelani
i nā makahiki 1580 e nā pūʻali koa Pelekāne i puhi i nā hale ʻai i piha i nā kānaka. Aia kēia i loko
pane ʻana i ke kūʻē ʻana o Irish i kahi mahiko o Mumhan e Sir Walter Raleigh, ka mea ma hope
hele i Vireginia a hana like i na kanaka oiwi malaila. ʻO ka haku mele ʻEnelani ʻo William
Ua kākau ʻo Spencer, ka mea i lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kākau ʻōlelo no ka pūʻali koa, i kēia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe
Ua haʻaheo nā pūkaua iā Queen Elizabeth I no kā lākou hana. ʻO nā makahiki 1640 i lawe mai i kahi nui hou
pepehi kanaka i hui pu ia me ka lawe pio nui ana. Cromwell a me ka pūʻali koa Pelekāne i pepehi a
ua make i ka pololi i ka hapakolu a i ka hapalua o ka heluna kanaka Irish e hoopau i ke kipi
i laweia mai e ke kaua kivila o Enelani. Ua kipaku ʻia ka hapa nui o nā Katolika mai Cuige Uladh
(Ulster Province) a kipaku ʻia "i Gehena a i ʻole Connaught," ke komohana, paʻa loa
a me ka panalaau hookipa ole. Ua kūʻai ʻia aku nā ʻumi kaukani o nā wahine a me nā keiki Irish
hoʻokauwā a i ʻole hoʻokauwā i ka Caribbean.ʻO ke kumukūʻai hoʻokele waiwai a me ka helu kanaka o nā kenekulia o ke aupuni Pelekane
ʻike nui ʻia ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka heluna kanaka ma waena o Pelekane a me
ʻIlelani. I ka makahiki 1840, ua oi iki aku ka 20 miliona kanaka o Beretania ma mua o ka palua
heluna kanaka o Irelani, a laila ma ka piko o 8 a 10 miliona. I ka makahiki 1997, he 12 a 1 ka lakio.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka heluna kanaka 60 miliona o Pelekane i ka 5 miliona o Ireland, ʻo ia ka hapalua o ka mea
he 150 makahiki aku nei. Ua hoʻomohala hou ʻo Beretania i kona ʻāina mua a me ka hope, e hoʻonui ana
ia iho ma o ka ilihune o Irelani. ʻO ka poʻe ʻeuanelio Protestant ua lawe ʻia
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka pōloli nui e hoʻohuli i nā tausani o nā Katolika i pani no
sopa hoopakele ola a me na tikiki no ka hale hana. He nui nā mea nānā i kēia manawa i hoʻoholo i kēlā
Ua hoʻopololei ka poʻe Pelekāne i ka poʻe ʻIlelani e hoʻonele i ka ʻāina hānai no ka ulu pipi a me nā hipa
e hānai i nā kūlanakauhale ulu o ʻEnelani. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo Malthusian a me ka laissez-faire
i ʻōlelo ʻia e hōʻoia i ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻana o Pelekane i kahi hōʻoluʻolu kūpono.
E pāʻani ana i ke Kāleka ʻAlani
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Papa ʻAlani mai loko mai o ka hui hoʻoweliweli Protestant,
ka Peep o' Day Boys, ma hope o ka luku ʻia ʻana o kekahi mau kakini Katolika ma kekahi kauhale
kokoke i Portadown, ma ke komohana hema o Belfast. ʻOiai ʻo ia ka mea i hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa iā King
William o Orange, ʻo kāna mau hana nui he "wrecking," he huaʻōlelo no ka hana ʻino,
ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua pinepine ʻana i ka poʻe mahiʻai Katolika ma County Armagh i hōʻino ʻia e kekahi
ʻO Pelekania Pāremata i ka makahiki 1795 ma ke ʻano he hoʻolaha o ka "hoʻopau ākea" kūʻē
Katolika. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia nā Wreckers e ka makemake no ka ʻāina Katolika hope loa i koe, a
Ua huhū pū kekahi poʻe Katolika i ka makemake i ka ʻāina e mahiʻai ai, makemake lākou e uku
ʻoi aʻe ka uku hoʻolimalima ma mua o ka poʻe mahiʻai Protestant. Hoʻopau maʻamau ka poʻe Wreckers i nā mea hana a ka mahiʻai,
huila wili, a me ka home. Ma muli o ka hana ʻino i hele pū me ʻAlani
nā huakaʻi, me nā haneli o ka make i ka makahiki 1800, ua hoʻāʻo ka Pāremata Pelekania e
pāpā iā lākou i kekahi mau manawa mai ka makahiki 1820 a hiki i ka makahiki 1860.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, nā pūʻulu paramilitary pro-British e like me ka
Ua hoʻolako kālā ʻia ʻo Ulster Volunteer Force e nā mea hana ʻoihana Pelekane e hoʻonāukiuki i ka
manaʻo kākoʻo kūʻokoʻa e hoʻopio nei i ke koena o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hoʻomāinoino ʻino e ka
ʻO ke kauoha ʻAlani—me nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā poʻe kīwila Katolika ma kahi o 100s
make—he mea hana no ka hoomalu ana o Beritania i ka akau a me ka hoolaha ana
nā hana hana i nā makahiki 1920 a me 1930. ʻO kēia māhele a lanakila i ka hoʻolālā o "pāʻani
ʻO ka Orange Card" i lilo i mea koʻikoʻi o nā kulekele Pelekane ma Ireland.ʻO ka hoʻokae ʻana i ka Katolika he kulekele aupuni ma ka ʻākau
a hiki i ka makahiki 1970. ʻOiai i kēia lā, ʻelua a me ka hapa ka nui o ka nele i ka hana no nā Katolika
no ka poʻe Protestant, a ma kekahi mau ghetto, ʻoi aku ia ma luna o 80 pakeneka. ʻO kēia hoʻokae ʻana, hui pū ʻia me
ʻO ka hana hoʻomāinoino a nā mākaʻi a me nā pūʻali koa, he mea hana ia i mea e hoʻoneʻe ai ka poʻe Katolika i ka neʻe ʻana ma
ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, e pale ana iā lākou mai ka lilo ʻana i ka hapa nui ma ka ʻākau ʻoiai lākou
ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hānau ʻana ma mua o ka poʻe Protestant. Akā naʻe, hoʻohana ke aupuni Pelekane i nā miliona
i nā ʻāina ʻē e hoʻopaʻapaʻa kūʻē i nā loina hana kūpono no ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ma ka ʻākau o
Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Ireland ma muli o ka Sullivan Principles no ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ma ʻApelika Hema.ʻO ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana i nā ʻōpio e nā pūʻali palekana he mea maʻamau ia ma ka ʻĀkau
ʻIlelani. Ua hōʻike ke Kōmike o ka Administration of Justice he 26 pakeneka o nā ʻōpio
kanaka ma na kalana eono ua hoopilikia ia e na koa Beritania—20 pakeneka o
ʻOpio Protestant a unionist a he 50 pakeneka o nā ʻōpio Katolika a lāhui. ʻOiai 15,000
Ua paʻa ka poʻe ʻōiwi Irish i ka manawa i loko o ka hale paʻahao, ʻehā wale nō koa Pelekane a i ʻole Northern Irish
ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia nā mākaʻi no ka hewa, ʻoiai ua pepehi ʻia nā haneli he nui
e nā pūʻali aupuni mai ka makahiki 1969.No laila, ʻaʻole ʻo ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka Protestant kahi mea hana mōʻaukala. He a
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia manawa ma ʻIlelani ʻĀkau kahi ʻāpana o ka hoʻomau moʻolelo o nā hana hōʻino
e hele ana i na keneturia. ʻAʻole paʻa ka poʻe ma ka ʻākau o ʻIlelani i ka wā ma mua, e like me
nui nā mea nānā i waho e hoʻopau maʻalahi. Akā, ua loaʻa nā hana o kēia wā
nā resonances mōʻaukala a me ke koʻikoʻi no ka mea liʻiliʻi ka loli ma laila,
pololei no ka mea ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻololi ʻana ma laila. Manaʻo ka hapa nui o ka lāhui kanaka ʻaʻole loa
e hoʻololi i ka wā e kākoʻo ana ka mokuʻāina Pelekania i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka Protestant.ʻOiaʻiʻo, nui ka poʻe Protestant ma ka ʻākau i kū i ke kū
ka hoʻopono a me nā pono kanaka a hopohopo i ka hana ʻino i hoʻāla ʻia e nā huakaʻi supremacist,
mai ka mokuʻāina a mai ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā Protestant akau ma a
Ua kākoʻo ʻia nā koho balota hou i ka ʻae ʻana i nā huakaʻi hakakā, a ʻo ka hapalua o nā unionists i loko
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo 1995 ua manaʻo lākou e ʻike i kahi hui i Ireland i loko o 25 mau makahiki. Hookani ka poe Kalawina a
alakaʻi i ka papa inoa ma kekahi mau hui pono kanaka, me ka Center for Research and
ʻO ka palapala a me ke Kōmike no ka Administration of Justice (CAJ), he loio '
hui ʻia ʻo "Katolika Kūʻē i ka Pono" e kekahi poʻe kūpaʻa. Akā naʻe,
post-Drumcree, "Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka pilina Protestant-Katolika ma Portadown 25
makahiki," wahi a Sister Laura Boyle, he kamaaina o Garvaghy Road. He ecumenical faith and
hui kaulike, i hui no ewalu makahiki e houluulu i na lala o na kaiaulu elua
a hakakā i ka hoʻokae ʻana, hoʻōki i ka hālāwai ʻana ma Iulai 1996, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i manaʻo hou ʻia
palekana. Ua hāmau nā leo Protestant haʻahaʻa no ka makaʻu i ka hoʻopaʻi kūpaʻa.
Moolelo o ka Eha, Moolelo o ka Manaolana
ʻO kēia makahiki ka 150th anniversary o Black 47, ka makahiki ʻino loa o
ʻO ka Pōloli Nui, kahi 1.5 miliona Irish i pōloli a me kahi helu like i neʻe aku, ʻoiai
ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o 100,000 mau pūʻali koa Pelekāne i mālama i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā meaʻai i ʻEnelani. Akā
i ka makahiki aʻe, i ka manawa e hoʻopau ʻia ai nā kūkākūkā, e hōʻailona ana i ka 200th anniversary o
ʻO kekahi hanana ʻē aʻe, hoʻokahi i hoʻopili ʻia me ke kaumaha a me ka manaʻolana: ʻo 1798 ka makahiki i alakaʻi ʻia e ka poʻe Protestant.
ʻO Irish Republican Brotherhood [sic], i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka French Revolution, ua lawe i nā mea kaua
e kūʻē i ka poʻe Pelekania e hoʻokumu i Ireland kūʻokoʻa kahi e hiki ai i nā mea āpau ke noho i ke kaulike,
"Ka Kalawina, Kakolika, a me ka Kipi." ʻO ka hapa nui o nā alakaʻi i pepehi ʻia e a
pūʻali koa Pelekane kiʻekiʻe. Malia paha, elua keneturi ma hope mai, ka moeuhane o keia
Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā martyrs Protestant no ke kūʻokoʻa Irish.He lālā ʻo Sean Cahill o PeaceWatch Ireland a aʻo i ka politika
ʻepekema ma Northeastern University.