ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka kapitalisme hou
ʻEkolu Essays on Marx's Value Theory
Ka Paʻi Manaʻo Mahina, 2013
Nā Manaʻo na Seth Sandronsky
Makemake ʻoe i ka hoʻokele waiwai politika e wehe pono ana i ka mana a me ka waiwai? Heluhelu i ʻelua mau puke hou a Samir Amin nāna i wehewehe i ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he "generalized-monopoly capitalism." ʻO kāna aʻo ʻana iā ia e hōʻike i ka mea e hūnā a hoʻololi ʻia e ka ʻoihana waiwai.
ʻO nā puke ʻelua i nānā ʻia e aʻo i ka hoʻokele waiwai i loko o nā palena o ka loli kaiapili. Lawe ʻo Amin i kahi Marxist, ʻike mōʻaukala o ka ʻōnaehana "ulu a make" i nā pono i nā aupuni ulu a kū mai. Akā naʻe, ua ola ʻo Marx a kākau i ka wā o ka Industrial Revolution. No Amin, pono ke kālailai ʻana o ka poʻe Kelemania kahiko i ka waiwai, ke kikowaena o kēlā ʻano hoʻohewa o ka ulu ʻana o ka kapitalisme, pono, akā ʻaʻole lawa.
Hoʻopuka ʻo Amin i ka manaʻo o ke koena a me ka manaʻo waiwai i ka monopoly capitalism honua. "ʻO ia ka hopena o ka ulu ʻana o ka hana o ka hana kaiāulu ma mua o ke kumukūʻai i uku ʻia no ka mana hana," kākau ʻo ia. Hoʻopili kēia kaʻina hana i nā hui ma waena a ma waena o nā lāhui waiwai a me nā ʻilihune. Ke ʻike nei mākou i kēia ulu ʻana i ka ʻoi loa i ka wā.
ʻO ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā ʻoihana, i loko o ka papa hana, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, ka hana a me ke kapikala, he mea nui ma lalo o ka monopoly capitalism i kēia manawa e like me ka hihia 150 mau makahiki i hala. No kēia hopena, hoʻonui ʻo Amin i nā manaʻo e like me ka "manawa hana e pono ai ke kanaka" i kūkulu ʻia e Marx mai ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana iā David Ricardo a me Adam Smith, nā mea kālai'āina politika nāna i kālailai i ka ʻōnaehana e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai.
Ma ka ʻōlelo a Amin, ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana o kēia manawa e hoʻopuka i kahi dilemma weliweli. Ma hea kahi e hoʻolilo ai i nā ʻoihana waiwai a pau i loaʻa i nā ʻoihana kapitalista e ʻike ai i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā?
Ua hahai ʻo Amin i nā mea hoʻokele waiwai Marxist ʻo Paul Baran, ʻo Harry Magdoff a me Paul Sweezy, a ʻo John Bellamy Foster hou aʻe, i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohewa a Marx, mai ka makahiki 1970 a hiki i kēia manawa. No laila, ʻo ka "financialization" o ka hoʻokele waiwai e hoʻoulu ai i kekahi mau billionaires a me nā poʻe ʻilihune he nui i nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia, akā i nā ʻāina e kū nei hoʻi, kahi pae o ka kapitalisme i kapa ʻia ʻo Amin i kona "senility." No ia, ʻo ka pilikia o kēia ʻōnaehana "no ka mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o kona kūleʻa ponoʻī." ʻAʻole ʻimi ʻo Amin e hoʻoponopono i ka capitalism akā e hoʻololi iā ia me kahi kauoha e pōmaikaʻi ai ke kanaka, i hopu ʻia i loko o kahi pūnaewele o nā kūʻē, ʻoihana a me ka ʻoihana.
ʻAʻole hiki a ʻaʻole hiki i nā lāhui e puka mai ana o ka Global South i ka Global North, kākau ʻo Amin. Pono kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo e like me ka lā. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe wahi e like me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau no ka poʻe mahiʻai i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e hele a pōmaikaʻi e like me ka mea i hana ʻia i ka wā ʻoihana kapitalista ma ʻEulopa Komohana.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Amin, ʻo ka hana o ke kālā kālā e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana. Ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo kāna loiloi ʻana i ka capitalism ʻEulopa e wehe i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokele waiwai kālā i ka hoʻokele waiwai. ʻO ka makemake kālā e koi i nā kulekele o ka austerity. Hoʻokaʻawale kēlā ʻano i ke kālā mai ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka ʻupena palekana no ka lawelawe ʻana i ka ʻaiʻē lehulehu, mai ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā mea ʻauhau maʻamau i nā mea hoʻopukapuka pilikino i nā makahiki i hala.
Ma ka manaʻo o Amin, ʻo ka "Imperial Triad" o US, ʻEulopa, a me Iapana e koi i ka hoʻonui ʻana iā Lenin. E hoʻomanaʻo i kona manaʻo i ka imperialism ʻo ia ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka kapitalisme. ʻAʻole lawa kēlā iā Amin. Ua kākau ʻo ia i ka imperialism i ka 21st century e hōʻike ana i kahi "paʻa mau o ka kapitalism."
E nānā i nā haneli o nā pūʻali koa US e pili ana i ka honua, ʻo ke kaua hou ʻana o Wakinekona i ka Islamic State, kahi kahua o nā wahie fossil. ʻO ke kumu e hoʻohana ai nā pūʻali koa imperial a me nā mercenaries i ka ikaika ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e hoʻokō i ke kānāwai o ka mana hui a me ka waiwai o nā monopolies i hoʻokumu ʻia ma US, ʻEulopa, a me Iapana, e like me Amin.
ʻO ka media mainstream ma ka Triad e hūnā i nā kumu waiwai o ke kaua, e like me Amin. ʻO kāna ʻōlelo hoʻohewa ʻana i ka nūpepa ʻoihana pili i ka mōʻaukala, e wehewehe ana i ka Fourth Estate i kēia manawa ʻo ia ka "kāleka media."
ʻO nā hana kaua ma waho a ma ka home (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea lawe lima a me nā pū mīkini e kūʻē ana i ka poʻe e kūʻē ana i ka hana ʻino a nā mākaʻi e kūʻē i nā ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻole i Ferguson, Missouri) ʻo ia ka ikaika hegemonic e mālama i kahi kūlana virulent o ka ulu like ʻole. Kaua ma waho a kaua ma ka home. Hoʻopili ʻo Amin me nā kiʻi kiʻi o nā pilikia a me nā mea hiki i nā neʻe e hoʻokō i kahi ʻōnaehana pili kanaka. I kēia hopena, hōʻike ʻo ia i ka maikaʻi o ka audacity. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hema, ʻo nā pūʻali hoʻopaʻapaʻa pono e aʻo i ka hakakā ʻana no ka pono a me ka maluhia mai ka papa kiʻekiʻe a me kāna mau ʻelele politika.
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He kanaka nūpepa kūʻokoʻa ʻo Seth Sandronsky a he lālā o ka Pacific Media Workers Guild. E leka uila iā sethsandronskygmail.com.