Sklar
ʻOiai
ʻO kahi billionaire ma mua he mea nui loa. I ka manawa Forbes hoomaka ka magazine
ʻO kāna ʻōwili kelepona o nā ʻAmelika waiwai loa he 400 i ka makahiki 1982, he 13 wale nō
ʻO nā billionaires a ʻo 5 o lākou he mau keiki a ka mea ʻaila HL Hunt.
I kēia manawa ʻoi aku ma mua o
ʻO ka hapalua o ka Forbes 400 he mau piliona. He 268 billionaires ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a
35 miliona kānaka e noho ana ma lalo o ka laina ʻilihune kūhelu—ma kahi o $13,000 no ka
ʻohana ʻekolu kanaka.
Boom Times no
Billionaires
Kūkā
ʻOi aku ka waiwai o ka 400 ʻAmelika ma mua o $1 trillion. 400 wale nō
kanaka—hiki iā lākou ke noho a pau ma New York's Plaza Hotel i ka manawa like—ʻo
ʻaneʻane kokoke i hoʻokahi hapawalu o ka huina waiwai o loko (GDP) o United
Mokuʻāina, ka ʻoihana waiwai loa o ka honua.
No ka makahiki,
ua hoʻohālikelike nā mea noiʻi i nā kūʻai makahiki o nā hui nui loa o ka honua
me ka waiwai o na aina. I kēia manawa ke hoʻohālikelike nei mākou i nā billionaires a
nā'āina.
ʻO ka Forbes
ʻOi aku ka waiwai o $400 trillion a 1 ma mua o ka GDP o Kina, he ʻāina ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi
biliona kanaka, ka mea i helu ʻia i ka helu ʻehiku i waena o nā mea waiwai loa o ka honua
hoʻokele waiwai. Me $85 biliona i ka wā Forbes i houluuluia i keia makahiki 400, Bila
ʻO Gates wale nō ke kūlike me ka GDP o Singapore, ka 38 o ka honua
waiwai nui loa. ʻO Gates kahi microcosm o ka hakahaka waiwai. Ua loaʻa iā ia
ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o ka 45 pakeneka o nā hale ʻAmelika i hui pū ʻia.
Pau,
ʻO Microsoft billionaires ʻo Bill Gates, Paul Allen, a me Steve Ballmer me nā ʻelima
He $233 biliona ka waiwai o nā hoʻoilina o Wal-Mart. ʻOi aku kēlā ma mua o ka
GDP o Suedena waiwai, ʻo ka 20th nui loa o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua. Warren Buffet, helu
ekolu ma ka Forbes list, ua oi aku mamua o ka GDP o ka aila waiwai Kuwait.
Lawe ia i ka upena
waiwai (waiwai ho'ēmi i nā aie) o ka liʻiliʻi loa o $625 miliona e loaʻa i ka 1999 Forbes
400—mai ka $500 miliona i ka makahiki 1998. Inā hāʻawi kekahi lālā o Forbes 400
he miliona dala, ua like ia me ka hale waena o ʻAmelika—
he $39,000 i ka makahiki—e haawi ana ma kahi o $62.
He piliona dala
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me 25 mau mea ʻē aʻe no kahi 243rd ma waena o ka Forbes 400, akā
he nui mau ke kālā. Ua lohe ʻoe i ka ʻōlelo, "ke kālā
kālā." Pāka $1 biliona pilikia ʻole i loko o kahi panakō CD e loaʻa ana he 5 pakeneka ukupanee, a
e loaʻa iā ia he $50 miliona i ka makahiki hoʻokahi.
He piliona dala
ua like ia me ka waiwai nui o 1,000 hale i $1 miliona pakahi a i ole
20,000 hale maʻamau.
No $1 biliona
hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi kālā i ka hapa nui o ka waihona kālā Head Start o kēia manawa a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana i ka haʻawina
no nā haumāna haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o 250,000 ma ke kulanui mokuʻāina. Me $1 biliona
hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i nā haʻawina kālā miliona i nā hui ʻoihana ʻole 1,000
ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hana, nā hale kūʻai haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nā hale hoʻomaha no nā wahine ʻeha.
ʻO ka 1 pakeneka kiʻekiʻe
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻohana ʻAmelika ma mua o ka 95 pakeneka i hui pū ʻia. Novell
Ua haʻi aku ʻo CEO Eric Schmidt Forbes ʻo ka pālākiō o ka like ʻole "hana iaʻu
ʻoluʻolu ʻole." ʻŌlelo ʻo ia, "He nui ka poʻe akamai a hana ikaika a
ʻaʻohe hapa o ka mea i loaʻa iaʻu ka pāʻani ma nā lula." Ua hoʻohui ʻo ia, "ʻO wau
ʻike ʻoe ʻaʻole i loaʻa iaʻu kaʻu waiwai no ka mea he akamai loa wau. He nui ka laki
e hana me ia." A ʻaʻole ʻo Schmidt ma ka Forbes 400.
I ka manawa a Bob Thompson
Ua kūʻai aku ʻo ia i kāna hui kūkulu alanui ʻo Michigan no $422 miliona ua hana ʻo ia i ka nūhou no ka mea
Ua hana ʻo ia i kahi mea maʻamau: ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka loaʻa kālā me kāna mau limahana. Ua mahele ʻo ia
$128 miliona ma waena o nā limahana 550, e hana ana ma mua o 80 miliona miliona. Hoʻolālā ʻo ia
e haawi aku i ka nui o kona waiwai i koe.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Thompson
makemake e uku i na limahana i hana nui no ka hui. Ua ʻike ʻo ia
ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke holomua me ka ʻole o lākou. "ʻO ia ka mea e pono ai ʻo ʻAmelika
e pili ana," i ʻōlelo ʻo ia People nūpepa. "Pono e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka kahi ʻāpana
hana."
Pāʻani Catch
Up
oiai
Ua lilo ka Forbes 400 i mea waiwai nui loa, ʻo ka ʻAmelika maʻamau
ke kū nei. Ma kahi o $50,000, ʻo ka waiwai nui o ka ʻohana ʻAmelika i ka
ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka waena ma mua o ka makahiki 1983, e hoʻoponopono ana i ka hoʻonui. Aneane hoʻokahi o waho
ʻelima mau hale ʻaʻohe waiwai a maikaʻi ʻole paha (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā aie ma mua o nā waiwai).
Hoʻokahi wale nō o nā hale he ʻumi i loaʻa ʻole ka waiwai ʻupena maikaʻi ʻole i ka makahiki 1962.
ʻohana Median
loaʻa ka loaʻa i kahi kiʻekiʻe hou o $38,885 i ka makahiki 1998. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole nui
ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka makahiki 1989, e hoʻoponopono ana i ka hoʻonui kālā, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā hola hana
a hoʻonui i ka huahana. ʻO nā ʻohana Latino he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maoli 1998 median
loaʻa, ma $28,330, ma mua o ka makahiki 1989.
"ʻO ka awelika
ʻO ka mea hana ʻAmelika i kēia manawa he 12 pakeneka ʻoi aʻe i ka hana o hoʻokahi hola ma mua o kāna
a i ʻole ua hana ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1989, akā ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana no ka hoʻonui ʻana, ʻo ka maʻamau
Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka uku o ka limahana he 1.9 pakeneka," wahi a John Schmitt o ka
Ke Kumu Hoʻokele Waiwai.
ʻO nā limahana maʻamau
ke ho'āʻo nei e hoʻopaʻa i nā uku i hana ʻia e ko lākou mau hoa hana i ka wā o ka
ʻO ka hoʻokele Nixon. He haʻahaʻa ka loaʻa kālā waena o nā kāne ma mua o ka makahiki 1969.
hoʻoponopono no ka hoʻonui kālā. Inā ʻaʻole no ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hana a nā kāne a me nā wahine.
ʻoi aku ka hewa o nā ʻohana. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, loaʻa nā wāhine hana manawa piha
he 73 keneta wale no ke dala i loaa i na kanaka.
Nā makuahine i loko
Ua hoʻonui nā ʻohana kāne male i kā lākou hana uku makahiki ma 223
hola—kokoke 6 pule—ma waena o 1983 a me 1997, hōʻike i ka Boston poepoe honua.
Ua hoʻonui nā makua kāne i kā lākou hana ma 158 hola—4 pule—i ka manawa like.
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana o nā ʻAmelika ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻāina ʻenehana.
ʻOiai ka uku
stagnated no nā makahiki, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā kumukūʻai. Pono ka mea hana maʻamau e hana i 15.3 hola
e uku no kahi lā e noho ai ma kahi haukapila kaiāulu ma 1960, e like me Nā lā lā.
I ka makahiki 1997, pono lākou e hana 80.8 hola. Hoʻokahi makahiki ma ke kulanui pilikino
9.1 pule o ka hana i ka makahiki 1960 a me 37.4 pule i ka makahiki 1997.
Maopopo iā ʻoe
Ua hewa kekahi mea i ka wā lōʻihi ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokele waiwai a mau nō
ino loa no na kanaka he nui loa. Ua hāʻule ka helu ilihune kūhelu i nā makahiki i hala iho nei
i ka 12.7 pakeneka, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka makahiki 1970. ʻOiai male
Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻilihune o nā ʻohana kāne i kēia lā ma mua o ka makahiki 1970.
ʻoiai ua hoʻonui nui ʻia nā hola o ka wahine ma ka hana.
Hoʻokahi o ʻewalu
Noho ʻo ʻAmelika ma lalo o ka laina ʻilihune kūhelu - $8,316 wale nō no hoʻokahi kanaka a
$16,660 no ka ʻohana ʻehā—me hoʻokahi o ʻehā ʻeleʻele a me Latinos, a
hookahi o na keiki elima.
Hoʻokahi o ʻelua
ʻAʻole loaʻa i nā limahana manawa piha ʻilihune ka ʻinikua olakino, ka Helu Helu
nā hōʻike. Ua piʻi aʻe ka nui o ka poʻe me ka ʻinikua ola ʻole ma kahi o a
miliona i ka makahiki i hala, a hiki i 44.3 miliona mau kānaka—hoʻokahi o ʻeono mau ʻAmelika. mākou
ʻo ia wale nō ka lāhui ʻoihana ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa i nā mea a pau.
Kaulikeʻole
e noho mau ana ma nā moʻolelo kiʻekiʻe. I ka makahiki 1977, ʻo ka 2.7 miliona ʻAmelika ma ka hapa 1 kiʻekiʻe
Ua loaʻa i nā ʻohana ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā, ma hope o ka ʻauhau federal, e like me ka lalo o 49 miliona,
e like me ka Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. I ka makahiki 1999, ʻo ka 2.7 kiʻekiʻe
miliona i manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa i ka 100 miliona lalo.
Ma waena o 1977 a
1999, ua hoʻonui ka hapalima o nā ʻohana i kā lākou kālā makahiki ma hope o ke aupuni pekelala
ʻauhau ma ka 43 pakeneka aʻo ka hapalima waena i loaʻa he 8 pakeneka, a ʻo ka lalo
lilo ka lima i 9 pakeneka. Ua loaʻa i ka 1 pakeneka o nā hale he 115 pakeneka.
Ina ka waena
ʻO ka hapalima o nā ʻohana e loaʻa ka pākēneka like o ka loaʻa kālā ma hope o ka ʻauhau
1999 i loaʻa iā ia i ka makahiki 1977, e hiki mai ana i $3,500 keu aʻe i kēlā me kēia hale.
He $3,300 hou aku ka ʻohana ma ka hapalima ʻilihune—he ʻokoʻa nui no
nā ʻohana me ka loaʻa kālā ʻauhau ma hope o ka makahiki 1999 he $8,800 wale nō.
Nā manawa boom
mai noho mau loa. Inā ʻaʻole mākou e hōʻemi i ka like ʻole i kēia manawa, ahea mākou?
Hiki i ka ʻaha'ōlelo ke hana i ka hana mua ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka uku liʻiliʻi. Ahaolelo i hala iho nei
ua hoʻonui iā ia iho he $4,600 a i $141,300, he loaʻa kālā ʻelua ʻelua o ka awelika.
ka loio.
ka hou
ʻO ka uku o ka ʻaha kūkā he 13 mau manawa o ka uku haʻahaʻa; i ka makahiki 1950, he 8 manawa o ka
palena iki. E hoʻopaʻa i ka uku o ka ʻahaʻōlelo a hiki i ka wā ʻewalu
manawa i ka uku haʻahaʻa. Hāʻawi ia i ka Congress i mea hoʻoikaika e mālama nui
e pili ana i nā mea ma lalo o ka pyramid loaʻa e like me ka luna.
Z
ʻO Holly Sklar ka mea kākau pū o ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka waiwai: The Perils of the Growing
ʻAha Waiwai ʻAmelika, (United for a Fair Economy www.stw.org).