A cikin fim din "Lincoln", akwai wurin inda "Radical" Republican 'Yan jam'iyyar Democrat suna muhawara ne a zauren majalisa kan ko za a soke bautar tare da wani sabon gyara ga kundin tsarin mulkin kasar. Wani mai magana daga Jam'iyyar Democrat, yana jayayya game da sokewa, ya ba da jawabi mai ban sha'awa game da yadda bai kamata a 'yantar da Negroes ba saboda zamewar 'yanci. Da zarar Negroes sun sami 'yanci, in ji shi, to, za su so 'yancin yin zabe - abin da ya haifar da tarzoma amma ra'ayi na rashin jituwa daga yawancin Majalisa. Amsar da aka yi ta yi ta wuce gona da iri ne kawai ta wani zagaye na ƙin yarda lokacin da mai magana ya ambata ba wa mata takardar izinin shiga.

Ba da nisa da saitin DC na waccan muhawarar majalisa ita ce Rundunar Soji da gwamnati, da aka kafa a Richmond, Va., inda ba a sami sabani game da ko ya kamata baƙar fata su sami 'yanci ko 'yancin yin zabe. Su, ba shakka, a ƙarshe sun rasa yaƙin da dalilinsu, kuma daga ƙarshe an bar su cikin abin da muke kira Amurka. Sake shiga cikin al'umma don Virginia da jihohin Kudu yana nufin ɗaukar sabbin kundin tsarin mulki wanda ke tattare da duk wata magana ta bauta, amma a lokacin sun fito fili game da ba wa baƙar fata wani iko na siyasa. Kuma a nan ne inda ya yi gashi.

Kamar yadda Virginia ta yi ƙoƙarin haɗa sabbin nau'ikan tsarin mulkin ƙasarta daga 1867 zuwa sabon ƙarni, babu shakka ta ƙara gyare-gyaren da suka ƙwace 'yan Afirka na yancinsu na zaɓe. Wani gyara da ya yi fice, daga 1876, ya ƙara ƙaramar ƙaranci cikin jerin laifuffukan laifuffuka da za su hana wani yin zaɓe, domin laifi ne da aka fi danganta ga baƙar fata, a cewar masana. Hanya ce ta Virginia ta hana bakar fata hakkinsu ba tare da bayyana shi karara a cikin doka ba.

Ƙarin shaida: Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta 1901 ta Virginia ta ƙunshi wakilin Walter Watson wanda ya bayyana cewa "babban ƙa'idar wannan motsi na Yarjejeniyar, abu ɗaya da dalilin da ya haɗu da wannan jiki, shine kawar da kullun daga siyasar jihar." Kuma hakan ba ya kasance keɓantacce ko rashin fahimta ba a taron.

A yau, dokar ta-baci ta Virginia - wacce aka kafa, a wani bangare, a lokacin sanannen lokacin - Sa'ad El-Amin, tsohon dan majalisar birnin Richmond ne ke kalubalantarsa ​​kafin a same shi da laifin kin biyan haraji. Kamar yadda I rahoton a watan Oktoba, El-Amin yana tuhumar jihar ne a Kotun Lardi na Amurka, ba don a maido masa hakkinsa ba, amma don a soke dokar tauye hakkinsa a matsayin wanda ya sabawa kundin tsarin mulki na keta kariyar daidaito, tsari da kuma rashin tausayi da kuma wasu sharuddan hukunci.

Virginia ta yi ƙoƙarin yin watsi da shari'ar, watakila da ɗokin ganin ta tun lokacin da ta ɓata yawancin wariyar launin fata da ta gabata a cikin shigar da karar. Amma wani alkali na tarayya ya ki yarda da bukatun jihar, kuma a zahiri ya kira binciken shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta William da Mary don ganin yadda lamarin ke da karfi.

An gabatar da wannan bincike a wannan makon. Ƙarshe: El-Amin ba shi da wani ƙara mai ƙarfi dangane da daidaitaccen kariyar bisa kabilanci, amma sun sami babban ƙarar da za a yi kan ƙin bin tsari. Kamar yadda doka ta kasance a halin yanzu, ana hana mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci na dindindin kada su kada kuri’a, sai dai idan sun nemi gwamnan ya maido da su. Amma idan akwai wata ka’ida da gwamna ya yi amfani da shi wajen tantance ‘yancin wanda zai dawo da shi ko a’a, babu wanda ya san haka sai shi. Bisa ga taƙaitaccen bayanin amicus da William da Maryamu suka shigar, hakan ya sa doka ta keta haƙƙoƙin tsari.

Ga takaitaccen bayani yana cewa:

"A karkashin tsarin Virginia na yanzu, an hana 'yan kasar da suka kammala hukumcinsu hakkinsu na gaskiya, haƙiƙa, da tsayuwar daka akan maido da haƙƙoƙinsu. Ba za a iya tabbatar da wannan rashi ba bisa la’akari da irin girman ikon da Gwamna ke da shi ko kuma girman muradin jihar. …

"[F] lons waɗanda suka gama yanke hukuncin nasu suna da sha'awar sanin abin da dole ne a yi don ganin sun dace da yin amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani da kuma samun wannan ƙudurin cikin adalci da gaskiya ta hanyar gaskiya. A halin da ake ciki yanzu, hana ƴan ƙasa waɗanda suka gama yanke hukuncinsu na gaskiya, gaskiya, da gaskiya, babban rashi ne. Ko da yake 'yancin kada kuri'a ba lallai ba ne don rayuwa, sha'awar da ke cikin kai tsaye ita ce cikakken ɗan ƙasa da damar sake shiga cikin al'umma. Da kyar mutum zai iya tunanin wani hakki mafi mahimmanci."

William da Maryamu ba su sami wata ƙa'ida mai kyau daidai da kariyar da'awar ba bisa kabilanci, saboda an zartar da dokar aikata laifuka ta jihar a 1830, kuma an cire ƙaramin larceny da aka yi niyya ga masu aikata laifuka a cikin 1971. Amma sun gano daidaitaccen shari'ar kariya. dangane da wurin da aka yanke masa hukunci — hujjar da ka iya taimakawa tare da nasarar wata kotu ta daban da yakin neman zaben shugaba Obama ya samu a zaben bana.

An haramta wa mutanen da aka samu da laifin aikata laifuka a Virginia yin zabe, amma wadanda ke zaune a Virginia kuma aka yanke musu hukunci a cikin wasu ba a hana jihohi ba. Sakamakon rashin daidaito na amfani da doka, wanda William da Maryamu suka ga ya saba wa tsarin mulki. Kamar yadda suka rubuta a takaice:

"Ikon samun haƙƙin maidowa ta atomatik a wata jiha sannan kuma canja wurin zuwa cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a a Virginia yana da matsala don daidaiton kariya. Wasu ‘yan kasa biyu da suka kammala hukuncin daurinsu bayan sun aikata laifuka iri daya na fuskantar ma’auni daban-daban wajen sake tabbatar da ‘yancinsu na kada kuri’a ya danganta da yanayin da aka yanke musu. Yana da wuya a yi tunanin halaltacciyar hujjar da jihar za ta iya bayarwa don tabbatar da wannan sakamakon da bai dace ba.”

Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Obama ya yi nasara a kotu kan wannan hujja a watan Oktoba lokacin da ya kai ƙarar Ohio Sakataren Gwamnati Jon Husted sama da farkon sa'o'in zabe. Kamar yadda muka ruwaito, Husted yayi ƙoƙarin canza dokokin don haka Membobin sojoji ne kawai za su iya kada kuri'a a karshen mako kafin ranar zabe, amma ba na yau da kullun ba, ƴan ƙasa waɗanda ba soja ba (wanda a sakamakon haka ya kawar da yaƙin neman zaɓe na "Rayukan zuwa Zaɓuɓɓuka" wanda ya shahara ya zana zirga-zirgar baƙar fata mara kyau). Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Obama ya kai ƙarar Husted don duk 'yan Ohio su sami damar kada kuri'a a farkon wannan karshen mako da kuma a alkali ya yanke hukunci a kansu, bisa hujjar kariyar daidai gwargwado, yana mai cewa duk masu jefa kuri'a dole ne a bi su iri daya. Abin ban mamaki, wannan ita ce shawarar da wani alkali ya yi amfani da shi a shekara ta 2000, a shari'ar Bush v Gore a Florida wanda ya kawo karshen sake kirga kuri'un tare da baiwa Bush damar zama shugaban kasa.

Ko wannan gardama ta isa ta murza wa alkali na Kotun Kolin Amurka da ke Virginia. Dalibai masu shekaru uku a makarantar William da Mary Law School ne suka shirya taƙaitaccen bayanin doka ba a matsayin abokin mai ƙara El-Amin ko wanda ake tuhuma, jihar Virginia ba. Ana nufin shi azaman bincike na haƙiƙa, kamar yadda alkali ya yi kira.

A ƙarshe, cikakken saurare da yanke hukuncin cewa dokar ba ta da ka'ida ba zai sa ya zama da wahala ga dokokin hana cin hanci da rashawa su ci gaba da kasancewa a halin yanzu a kowace jiha. Ko da yake a bayyane yake, taƙaitaccen bayanin William da Maryamu ba yana gardamar cewa cin zarafi ba ya sabawa tsarin mulki, kawai cewa mutanen da aka daure a da sun cancanci a saurari ƙarar neman yancinsu.

Idan aka bi doka, ko kuma aka yi watsi da shari’ar, hakan na nufin masu fafutukar kare hakkin jama’a za su ci gaba da yakar ta, watakila suna neman gyara a majalisa. Tare da sama da ’yan Virginia 350,000 da aka hana su haƙƙinsu saboda laifuka, yawancinsu Ba-Amurkawa ne, wannan shari’ar ta cancanci a bi. Waɗannan ƴan ƙasa sun cancanci dama iri ɗaya don sake shiga cikin al'umma da aka bai wa jihohin Confederate bayan sun rasa yakin basasa.

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