Source: Mafarki gama gari
Masana shari'a sun mayar da martani da ƙararrawa Litinin zuwa a hukuncin daga rinjaye na hannun dama na Kotun Kolin Amurka wanda zai iya kai ga dauri har abada har ma da yanke hukuncin kisa ga mutanen da ke jayayya da lauyoyinsu ba su ba da cikakkiyar wakilci ba bayan yanke hukunci a kotun jihar.
“Mafi rinjayen masu ra’ayin mazan jiya suna cikin juyin juya hali. Kuma zalunci ne.”
Mai shari'a Sonia Sotomayor - wanda ke tare da sauran masu sassaucin ra'ayi biyu a kotun - shi ma ya yi fatali da ra'ayin masu rinjaye Shinn v. Martinez Ramirez, ta rubuta cikin rashin amincewarta cewa shawarar da aka yanke duka “karkace” ce kuma “mara hankali ne.”
Shari'ar ta shafi wasu mutane biyu, David Martinez Ramirez da Barry Lee Jones, wadanda ke kan hukuncin kisa a Arizona. Yawancin fursunonin sun yanke shawarar cewa fursunoni ba za su iya gabatar da sabbin shaidu a gaban kotun tarayya don goyan bayan da'awar cewa lauyan da aka yanke musu hukunci a kotun jihar ba shi da wani tasiri, wanda ya saba wa Kwaskwari na Shida ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, wanda tabbatarwa 'yancin samun "taimakon lauya" a duk tuhumar laifuka.
Mai shari'a Clarence Thomas ya rubuta ga masu rinjaye, "Kotun habeas na tarayya ba za ta iya gudanar da sauraron karar ba ko kuma ta yi la'akari da shaidun da suka wuce bayanan kotunan jihar bisa ga rashin tasiri na lauyan da aka yanke wa hukunci," in ji mai shari'a Clarence Thomas ga masu rinjaye, ya kara da cewa "sake yin shari'ar yanke hukunci na karshe ya rushe hukuncin. ƙarshe wanda 'yana da mahimmanci ga duka biyun ayyukan ramuwa da hana ayyukan shari'a.'
Sotomayor, a halin da ake ciki, ya rubuta cewa "Kwaskwari na shida ya ba wa masu laifi damar samun ingantaccen taimakon lauyoyi a shari'a. Wannan kotu ta amince da wannan haƙƙi a matsayin 'ka'idar gado' wanda ya zama ainihin 'tushen tsarin abokan adawar mu' na shari'ar laifuka."
“A yau, duk da haka, kotu ta yi wa kotunan tarayya cikas wajen kare wannan hakkin. Hukuncin da kotun ta yanke zai bar mutane da dama da aka samu da laifin karya doka ta shida da su fuskanci hukuncin dauri ko kuma a zartar musu da hukuncin kisa ba tare da wata dama mai ma'ana ta kwato hakkinsu na ba da shawara ba," ta yi gargadin, tare da lura da cewa hukuncin "duk da cewa ya karya wasu ka'idoji guda biyu na baya-bayan nan. ” Martinez da Ryan da kuma Trevino da Thaler.
A cikin yanki don Slate nuna rubutu yadda hukuncin "zai haifar da wahala mai tsanani da kuma watakila ma mutuwa yayin da ake hana mutane 'yancinsu na tsarin mulki," Farfesa Leah Litman, farfesa a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Michigan ta bayyana cewa yawancin "sun yanke shawara."
Kamar yadda Litman yayi bayani a ranar Litinin:
Kare marasa galihu—kare ga mutanen da ba su da albarkatun da za su ɗauki nasu lauya—yana cikin rikici a ƙasar nan. Kare marasa galihu ba shi da ƙarancin kuɗi, kuma masu kare jama'a suna kula da ɗaruruwan lokuta a kowace shekara, fiye da yadda suke da lokaci ko albarkatu don sarrafa yadda ya kamata. Jihohin kuma sun takaita hanyoyin da albarkatun da za su baiwa masu kare jama'a damar bunkasa shari'o'in su cikin zurfi…
Amma kamar yadda ake fama da matsalar tsaro a kasar nan, haka nan kuma akwai rikicin bayan yanke hukunci. Shari'ar bayan yanke hukunci ba ta da ƙarancin kuɗi, kuma lauyoyi suna da iyaka a cikin lokaci da albarkatun da suke da su don neman taimako bayan yanke hukunci. Don haka wadanda ake tuhumar da lauyoyin da ba su da inganci suke wakilta a gaban shari’a za su iya wakilce su da wani lauya mara inganci a yayin shari’ar da aka yanke musu, lokacin da ya kamata su yi jayayya cewa lauyan da ake tuhumarsu bai yi tasiri ba. Kuma - abin mamaki - lauyan da ba shi da tasiri bayan yanke hukunci na iya kasa yin jayayya cewa lauyan da aka yi shari'ar ba shi da tasiri, ko kuma yana iya kasa samar da wata shaida da ke goyon bayan wannan da'awar.
A cikin jerin sakonnin twitter, lauyan masu kare laifuka na Georgia Andrew Fleischman ya yi nuni da cewa "ba tare da ingantaccen taimakon da'awar lauyoyi ba, babu wata hanyar da za ta kawo shaidar rashin laifi a yawancin jihohi."
"Saboda haka, idan kuna da lauya mai shari'a na rikici, kuma mai rikici ya yi kira ga lauya, da kuma tudun shaida ba ku da laifi, ba ku da hankali," in ji Fleischman, lura da hujjar Jones cewa akwai shaidar rashin laifi.
Hakazalika sauran masana shari'a sun yi suka a shafukan sada zumunta. Jami'ar Texas Farfesa Law Lee Kovarsky kira ra'ayin "abin kyama" yayin da mai kare jama'a Eliza Orlins ya ce: “Wannan tsattsauran ra’ayi ne. Wannan abin ban tsoro ne. Wannan abin ban tsoro ne matuka.”
Slate babban marubuci Mark Joseph Stern tweeted cewa ra'ayin "cikakken zalunci" "yana tabbatar da cewa mutane marasa laifi za su kasance a kurkuku."
Stern ya kara da cewa "Rashin jin dadi, tsattsauran ra'ayi, yanke hukunci daga Kotun Koli abu ne mai sauki a rasa saboda da yawa daga cikinsu sun hada da rikitattun dokoki." "Amma mafi yawan masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suna cikin juyin juya hali. Kuma zalunci ne.”
An sabunta wannan sakon don gyara bayanan tarihin rayuwar Andrew Fleischman.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi