A watan Nuwamban da ya gabata a Houston, TX, na halarci taron karawa juna sani mai taken "Makomar Kishin Kishin Kasa", wanda Majalisar Kwalejin Kwaleji da Jami'o'i da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka dauki nauyi. Majalisar Nazarin Zamantakewa ta Ƙasa.

Zaman ya kunshi ra'ayoyi iri-iri kan kishin kasa, tare da tattaunawa da Suzanne A. Guldge (U of North Carolina), Rodney Reeves (Florida State U), Masato Ogawa (Indiana U), Joel Westheimer ne adam wata (U of Ottawa), James Leming (Saginaw State U) da ni. Tattaunawar da ta biyo bayan taron ta kasance mai wadata da haske. Na tabbata cewa maganganun tsokanar Leming suna haifar da mafi yawan haske, da kuma ɗan zafi (wanda yake da kyau).

Bayanan nawa akan kwamitin suna biyo baya.

Kishin kasa na Amurka kamar yadda ake kallo daga nesa (Gajeren).
E. Wayne Ross

“Juyin juya hali ba wai ‘nunawa’ rayuwa ne ga mutane ba, sai dai samar da su rayuwa, dole ne a ko da yaushe kungiyar juyin juya hali ta tuna cewa manufarta ba ta sa mabiyanta su saurari gamsassun shawarwari daga kwararrun shugabanni ba, sai dai su yi magana da kansu, domin su yi magana da kansu, domin su yi magana da kansu. cimma, ko aƙalla yi ƙoƙari zuwa, daidaitaccen matakin shiga." -Guy Debord ["Don Hukuncin Juyin Juya Hali na Art"]

Shekaru biyar da suka wuce na zauna a Vancouver, British Columbia. Ba ni da wata niyya ta komawa Amurka, amma ko da yake matata da dana sun kasance ƴan ƙasar Kanada koyaushe (ɗana ɗan ƙasa biyu ne), har yanzu ban nemi izinin zama na dindindin ba. Ina can sama ina aiki tare da godiya ga NAFTA, misali na kasuwanci na kyauta a cikin ɗan adam.

Lokacin da aka tambaye ni matsayina a Kanada, Amurkawa ne koyaushe. Mutanen Kanada ba sa yin tambaya game da irin waɗannan abubuwa. "Shin har yanzu kun zama ɗan ƙasar Kanada?" yan uwana tambaya. Amsa ta yawanci tana kan layin "Ni ɗan ƙasa ne na wata ƙasa kuma ban da tabbacin yadda hakan ke gudana, don me zan so in shiga tare da wata?"

Lallai, mafi munin abu game da rayuwa a Kanada, ban da sauyin daji a cikin Loonie, shine cewa dole ne in jure waƙoƙin ƙasa guda biyu a wasannin hockey na Vancouver Canuck.

"Shin kana alfahari da zama Ba'amurke?" Dole ne in amsa wannan tambayar kamar yadda marigayi, babban mai sukar zamantakewa da ɗan wasan barkwanci Bill Hicks yi: "Uh, ban sani ba, ba ni da wani abu da yawa da za a yi da shi. Iyayena sun yi zagi a can, shi ke nan." To, wannan baƙar magana ce da juyewa amsa, amma yana nuna cewa kasancewa ɗan kishin ƙasa shine, ga yawancin mutane, biyayyar da ta danganci hatsarin haihuwa.

Ana iya tantance kishin ƙasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, amma a cikin Amurka yana zuwa ga ƙaunar ƙasa kuma galibi ana son sadaukarwa dominta. Wasannin da aka ɗora-kamar yin mubaya'a ga tutar Amurka, rera waƙar "Star Spangled Banner," jefa ƙuri'a a zaɓe, hutun jingoistic, siyan Motocin Chevrolet, alamomi kamar kintinkirin rawaya da harsunan harshe kamar "Tallafa wa Sojojinmu," - suna nufin su inganta "ƙaunar ƙasa." Lallai, kishin ƙasa na Amurka ya samo asali ne daga yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙirƙira da nufin samar da al'ummar da ke ganin muradin su ɗaya da ƙasa ɗaya. Kuma ina tunawa da wannan a duk lokacin da na kalli nunin kishin ƙasa da aka yi a baya kafin kowace tseren NASCAR (kuma ina kallon waɗannan tseren kowane mako kamar yadda nake daga Charlotte, North Carolina).

Lokacin da aka tambaye shi, "Shin kuna son ƙasar ku?" Amsar farko tana buƙatar zama wata tambaya: "Me kuke nufi da ƙasa?" Anan zan jefa kuri'a tare da Noam Chomsky wanda a cikin amsa wannan tambayar ya ce:

"Yanzu idan kana nufin 'kasa' gwamnati, ina jin ba za ka yi alfahari da ita ba. Kuma ina jin ba za ka taba yin alfahari da ita ba, ba za ka iya yin alfahari da kowace gwamnati ba. Ba gwamnatinmu ba… Jihohi cibiyoyi ne na tashin hankali. Jihohi na tashin hankali ne gwargwadon iko, hakan yayi daidai." [1]

Marx da Engles suma sun yi kakkausar suka ga jihar suna kwatanta ta a matsayin "ba komai bane illa kayan zalunci na wani aji ta wani - ba kasa da haka a cikin jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya fiye da tsarin sarauta."[2] A cikin Amurka, manufofin gwamnati wadanda suke saboda muradun ‘yan jari hujja sun haifar da rashin daidaito a fannin ilimi, tattalin arziki, kiwon lafiya, da neman adalci[3]. Abubuwan da suka faru na baya-bayan nan sun nuna sarai yadda Wall Street ke daure wa gwamnatin tarayya, kuma wannan ba lallai ba ne ya canza a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba. Lallai, gwamnatin Amurka don kowane dalili ne "komitin zartarwa na masu arziki."[4]

Madadin Kishin Kishin Kasa irin na Amurka-Misalai daga Arewacin Border
Ana iya ɗaukar kishin ƙasa a matsayin sadaukarwa kawai ga al'umma - sabanin ƙunƙuntaccen muradin mutum, wanda ke buɗe mana kofa don bayyana alaƙa da al'ummomi ban da ƙasa / gwamnati / jaha. George Orwell ya iyakance ma'anarsa na kishin kasa zuwa ayyukan da ke da kariya. Kishin kasa, ya rubuta shine "... sadaukar da kai ga wani wuri na musamman da kuma hanyar rayuwa ta musamman, wanda mutum ya yi imanin ya zama mafi kyau a duniya amma ba shi da burin tilastawa wasu mutane."

Na yi imani ma'anar Orwell yana aiki dangane da Kanada. 'Yan Kanada gabaɗaya suna da bangaskiya sosai ga gwamnati fiye da Amurkawa. Ƙasar Kanada tana da kirki da ladabi fiye da na Amurka. Amma ta tsunduma cikin ayyukanta na tashin hankali a matsayin wani bangare na Daular Biritaniya kuma da sunan ta. Dokokin wariyar launin fata, na nuna wariya sun shafi baƙi Sinawa da Kudancin Asiya; An yi wa ’yan asalin ƙasar Kanada kisan kiyashi na zahiri da na al’ada; sannan akwai yakin da ake yi a kasar Afganistan don bada misalai kadan. Amma kishin ƙasa a Kanada ba shine batun cewa yana cikin Amurka ba. Abin da ke faruwa a arewacin iyakar shine tambayar me ake nufi da zama Kanada. Abin da ake nufi da zama Ba'amurke ba tambaya ba ce da ake yi la'akari da ita saboda babban nau'in "kishin Amurka" yana gyara wannan ra'ayin.

Ee, mutanen Kanada suna alfahari da alamomin kamar Maple Leaf (da/ko Fleur de Lis). Kuma har yanzu Ranar Tunatarwa, fiye da komai, ita ce ta tunawa da Sojojin. Yayin da ake shirya kishin ƙasa na Amurka kuma ana ba da siyarwa mai wahala, mutanen Kanada koyaushe suna shiga cikin tambayar me ake nufi da zama Kanada.

Ga wasu misalai.

Asalin Kanada yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da cibiyoyi na jihohi kamar su harshe biyu na hukuma, Dokar Al'adu da yawa ta Kanada (1985) da Dokar Lafiya ta Kanada.

Mutanen Kanada suna kishin tsarin kula da lafiyar su kuma suna alfahari da tushensa a cikin ɗabi'a mai amfani inda ma'aunin nasarar tsarin ke ba da gudummawa ga kula da kowane mutum. Ƙaddamarwa da nufin haɓaka inshorar lafiya masu zaman kansu da tsarin bayarwa na kiwon lafiya don riba ana ɗaukar su da yawa a matsayin "marasa-Kanada." A cikin muhawarar kiwon lafiya, an kafa rikici tsakanin ribar kamfanoni da jin daɗin rayuwar jama'a a fili. Tabbas, Tommy Douglas - wanda a matsayin Firayim Minista na Saskatchewan (1944-1961) ya jagoranci gwamnatin gurguzu ta farko a Arewacin Amurka kuma ya gabatar da kiwon lafiyar jama'a na duniya zuwa Kanada - an zabe shi. "Mafi Girman Kanada" a kowane lokaci a gasar da aka watsa ta gidan talabijin na kasa da CBC ta shirya.[5]

Misali na biyu shine Dokar Al'adu da yawa ta Kanada, wacce ta gane da haɓaka fahimtar cewa al'adu dabam-dabam shine ainihin sifa ta asalin Kanada kuma tana ba da albarkatu mai kima wajen siffanta abin da Kanada take kuma zai kasance. Bambance-bambancen al'adu daban-daban na Kanada tabbas yanki ne da ake hamayya da shi, amma wannan shine batun. Jam'in al'adu na Kanada ba wai kawai game da ƙyale ƙungiyoyi su kiyaye al'adun su a cikin al'adar da ta fi dacewa ba. Amma, bambancin al'adu da kansa ya bayyana, a wani ɓangare, abin da ake nufi da zama Kanada.

Na uku kuma akwai al'amari a siyasar Kanada wanda ba shi da tabbas a cikin mahallin Amurka: Bloc Québécois. BQ jam'iyya ce ta hagu, mai ra'ayin akida, jam'iyyar siyasa mai tushe a yanki wacce babban burinta na samar da 'yancin kan Quebec. Jam'iyyar, ba shakka, ta karkata zuwa Quebec kuma ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa akwai kadan ko babu goyon baya ga jam'iyyar a wajen lardin. Duk da yake ba zai yiwu a yi tunanin wata ƙungiya mai waɗannan halaye tana da haƙƙi a fagen kasa a Amurka ba, Bloc Québécois ita ce Adawar Mai Girma ta Mai Girma a Majalisar Kanada daga 1993-1997.

Na yi imani waɗannan misalai ne na abin da Joel Westheimer ya kira kishin ƙasa na dimokraɗiyya kuma sun bambanta sosai da rashin tausayi da kishin ƙasa waɗanda ke daidaita abin da ake nufi da zama Ba'amurke kuma suna bayyana cikakken abin da ake nufi da zama "Ba'amurke mai kishin ƙasa."[6].

Yayin da jama'a kamar Westheimer da sauransu ke yin ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce don dawo da kishin Amurka a matsayin dimokuradiyya. Ban yi imani da cewa kishin kasa wata manufa ce da za a iya ceto ba, musamman a cikin mahallin Amurka. Babban jigon kishin ƙasa na Amurka a yau—samfurin waccan yaƙin neman zaɓe na hegemonic da nufin samar da al’ummar da suke ganin muradinsu ɗaya ce da ƙasa—ci amanar manufofin juyin juya hali ne da suka haifar da Amurka: ‘yantar da jama’a; samar da dimokuradiyya mai shiga tsakani; tarayya na son rai na cibiyoyin jama'a na gida, wanda aka sake yin shi har abada daga ƙasa.[7] Ina tsammanin tunanin Guy Debord game da juyin juya hali yana da dacewa a nan:

“Juyin juya hali ba wai ‘nunawa’ rayuwa ne ga mutane ba, sai dai samar da su rayuwa, dole ne a ko da yaushe kungiyar juyin juya hali ta tuna cewa manufarta ba ta sa mabiyanta su saurari gamsassun shawarwari daga kwararrun shugabanni ba, sai dai su yi magana da kansu, domin su yi magana da kansu, domin su yi magana da kansu. cimma, ko aƙalla yi ƙoƙari zuwa, daidaitaccen matakin shiga." [8]

Haɓaka alƙawari ga al'umma - sabanin ɗimbin bukatun mutum - yana da mahimmancin aiki, amma na yi imanin cewa yanayin wannan al'umma da kuma ayyukan da aka ɗauka don bayyana sadaukar da kai ga al'umma zabi ne da dole ne daidaikun mutane su yi wa kansu ba tare da tsammani ba. cewa hatsarin haihuwa yana bayyana menene al'ummarku ko alkawuran ku.

Notes
[1] Chomksy, N. (1992). Yarjejeniyar Kerawa: Noam Chomsky da Kafofin watsa labarai [DVD].

[2] Engles, F. (1891). Postscript da Kark Marx, Yakin Basasa a Faransa.

[3] Ross, EW (2006). Gabatarwa: Wariyar launin fata da kyamar wariyar launin fata a makarantu. A cikin E.W. Ross (Ed.), Kabilanci, Kabilanci, da Ilimi (Juzu'i na 4, shafi xiii-xxvi). Westport, CT: Praeger.

[4] Gibson, R. (2005). Neman abin da ya kamata ya kasance, a cikin abin da yake, ta hanyar malamai masu mahimmanci. Mujallar Nazarin Manufofin Ilimi Mai Mahimmanci, 3(1).

[5] http://www.cbc.ca/greatest/

[6] Westheimer, J. (Ed.) (2007). Mubaya'a: Siyasar kishin ƙasa a makarantun Amurka. New York: Makarantar Malaman Jarida.

[7] Lynd, S. (1968). Tushen hankali na radicalism na Amurka. New York: Pantheon.

[8] Debord, G. (1981). Domin hukuncin juyin juya hali na fasaha. In K. Knabb (Ed.), Anthology na halin da ake ciki (shafi na 310-314). Berkeley, CA: Ofishin Sirrin Jama'a.

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