Lokacin da farashin mai ya yi faɗuwa yayin bala'in, kamfanonin mai sun yi ƙoƙarin saka hannun jari mai tsafta. Yanzu ana samun riba mai yawa, Big Oil yana watsar da waɗancan yunƙurin kiyaye tsarin kasuwancin su: jari akan yanayi.
A tsakiyar barkewar cutar, masu kudin da suka san yanayin yanayi sun yi farin ciki da wani ɗan gajeren labarin kasuwa. NextEra Energy - babban kamfanin makamashi mai sabuntawa a Amurka - ya zarce ExxonMobil a cikin babban kasuwa.
A takaice dai, NextEra a takaice ya zama kamfanin makamashi mafi mahimmanci a Amurka. Wannan juyowar ta kasance mafi ban mamaki ganin cewa ExxonMobil ya kasance samar da mafi yawan kudaden shiga fiye da NextEra, yana tara dala biliyan 265 a cikin 2019 kusa da $19.2 na NextEra.
A ƙarshe Exxon ya sake ci gaba da ci gaba da NextEra, amma ana ganin canjin a matsayin mai haifar da motsin kasuwa na gaba ta masu saka hannun jari da yawa.
Duk da yake yana iya zama da wahala a yi tunanin yau, farashin mai ya faɗi ƙasa kaɗan a tsakiyar cutar. Rushewar farashin ya yi ƙasa zuwa ga haɗaɗɗiyar koma baya ga buƙatun man burbushin da kasuwannin kayayyaki wanda ya karfafa gwiwar masu zuba jari da su sauke man fetur din su gaba daya.
Manyan kamfanonin mai sun yi babban tasiri sakamakon faduwar farashin makamashi. Girgizar ta kasance mai zurfi musamman ga Exxon, wanda ya shahara saboda ƙin yarda da jujjuyawar makamashin burbushin halittu.
Tsohon shugaban kamfanin, Rex Tillerson, wanda ya ci gaba da zama sakataren harkokin wajen Donald Trump, ya dage cewa sauyin yanayi wani sabon salo ne kawai da duniya za ta daidaita. A cikin 2016, ya bayyana kai tsaye cewa "Duniya za ta ci gaba da amfani da burbushin mai, ko suna so ko a'a."
Exxon kuma a halin yanzu ana shari'a domin boye bayanai game da tasirin kona man kasusuwa akan yanayi. Tun daga shekarun 1970, masana kimiyya da ke aiki a ExxonMobil sun sami kwakkwaran shaida na tasirin greenhouse. Martanin da kamfanin ya bayar shine rage kudade ga sashen kimiyyar sa da kuma karkatar da kudaden zuwa inganta musun yanayi.
Rashin gazawar Exxon gaba ɗaya don nuna aniyarsa ta ficewa daga burbushin mai wani babban ɓangare ne na dalilin da yasa masu saka hannun jari suka azabtar da kamfanin sosai yayin bala'in. A cikin 'yan watannin farko na 2020, ExxonMobil ya yi asarar kusan rabinsa darajar kasuwa.
Lokacin da kamfanin NextEra ya mamaye kamfanin, masu sa ido kan kasuwa sun dauki shi a matsayin wata alama ta karara cewa masu zuba jari sun sami isassun albarkatun mai.
An sami gagarumin nasara a wannan lokacin a tsakanin ajin jari-hujja na duniya. Kasuwar a karshe ta samar da mafita ga rugujewar yanayi.
Ko saboda buƙatar samfuran saka hannun jari a tsakanin masu saka hannun jari, sabbin sabbin abubuwa kamar ƙimar ESG da farashin carbon, ko kuma kawai fahimtar cewa makamashin kore shine gaba, saka hannun jari a burbushin mai ba ya zama kamar dabara mai ma'ana ga matsakaicin mai saka hannun jari.
Wannan sauyi, da yawa sun yi iƙirari, zai sanya matsin lamba ga kamfanoni kamar Exxon don kawar da saka hannun jari daga albarkatun mai da kuma zuwa makamashi mai tsabta. Kuma tabbas, kamfanonin mai sun yi saurin mayar da martani.
Total ta sake sanya kanta a matsayin "TotalEnergies" a ƙoƙarin zama "dan wasa mai daraja a duniya a canjin makamashi." Shell ya sanar da cewa zai kara yawan kudaden da yake zubawa a fannin makamashin da ake sabuntawa. BP ya sayi hannun jari mai mahimmanci a cikin kamfanin makamashi mai sabuntawa. Ko da Exxon a ƙarshe ya yi watsi da matsin lamba na kasuwa kuma ya ce zai saka biliyoyin a cikin "ƙananan ayyukan fitar da iskar gas."
Hasashen "nasara" na waɗannan hanyoyin da aka samo asali na kasuwa game da rushewar yanayi shine, ba shakka, cewa duniya ba ta buƙatar yin wasa tare da hanyoyin " zamantakewa" don rushewar yanayi kamar Green New Deal.
Amma a karkashin kasa, lamarin ya fi muni.
Galibin alkawurran da manyan kamfanonin mai suka yi ba su da tushe kuma sun yi tafiyar hawainiya wajen aiwatar da su. A wasu lokuta, sanarwar ba ta wuce komai ba greenwashing. Kamfanonin mai sun yi ta cacar baki cewa shekarun man ya yi nisa.
Yawancin masu saka hannun jari masu ceto sun yarda. Da yawa hedge kudi a hankali ya fara yin manyan faretin cewa farashin mai zai murmure cikin sauri yayin da duniya ta koma burbushin mai da zarar annobar ta kare.
Kuma sun yi gaskiya. Bayan mummunar annobar ta ƙare, ba a daɗe ba kafin farashin mai ya sake dawowa zuwa hauhawar bala'in. Sannan abin ya fara tashi sama. Lokacin da Rasha ta mamaye Ukraine, farashin iskar gas kuma ya yi tashin gwauron zabo, wanda hakan ya zama babbar fa'ida ga masana'antun Amurka.
Kamfanonin mai, da masu saka hannun jari suna ba da kuɗi a cikin su, sun yi fare daidai. Ba tare da haɗin kai ba daga burbushin mai, wanda ƙungiyoyin jama'a ke jagoranta, duniya za ta ci gaba da dogaro da ƙazantaccen makamashi.
Kasuwar, a takaice dai, ba za ta taba samar da mafita ga rugujewar yanayi ba.
ExxonMobil kwanan nan ya sanar da cewa ya sami ribar rikodin dala biliyan 56 a cikin 2022. Wannan ba riba ba ce kawai ga Exxon ba, yana wakiltar "babban tarihi ga masana'antar mai na yammacin Turai."
Kashi biyar cikin dari daga cikin waɗannan ribar za a kai su cikin alƙawuran yanayi na Exxon, waɗanda yawancinsu ke kan aiki mai tsada da ƙarancin gwadawa kamar kama carbon da adanawa. A halin da ake ciki kuma, tana ci gaba da zaburar da hannun jarin ta a fannin mai da iskar gas.
Kamfanin na BP, wanda kuma ya samu ribar da ya kai fam biliyan 22 a bara, ya ma fi taurin kai. Tare da wani kaso mai tsoka na sake dawowa don wadatar da masu zuba jari, BP ya sanar da cewa zai rage tafiyar da man fetur da iskar gas. A matsayin mai tunani na Common Wealth nunawa, Kamfanin yana kashewa sau goma a kan rabe-raben rabe-rabe kamar yadda yake kan ayyukan "ƙananan carbon".
A lokacin zurfin bala'in COVID-19, duniya ta yi asarar wata dama ta tarihi. Tare da darajar kamfanonin mai da tankar mai, gwamnatoci za su iya siyan ɗimbin kuɗaɗen waɗannan kamfanoni tare da matsa musu su matsa zuwa ga sabbin kuzari.
Kuma lokacin da buƙatu da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki suka yi ƙasa kaɗan, za su iya ba da sanarwar fakitin ƙarfafawa waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓakar decarbonization.
Madadin haka, an bar kamfanonin mai da nasu na'urorin, wani dan majalisar dattijai ya lalata shirin sauyin yanayi Joe Biden a cikin aljihun ExxonMobil, kuma EU ta ba da sanarwar wani kyakkyawan yunƙuri na "Green Deal" na nasu.
Sakamakon ba wai kawai ya haifar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli ba, har ila yau ya kasance jigilar dukiya mai yawa daga gidaje zuwa wasu manyan kamfanonin makamashi a duniya.
"Kasuwa" ba za ta taɓa magance rugujewar yanayi ba - kuma ya kasance ko dai butulci ne ko kuma, mai yuwuwa, mai zurfin tunani don yin kamar ba haka ba.
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Bada Tallafi