ALHAMIS 19 ga Satumba, 2013 11:16 PM
Kashe Rails: Yadda Rashin Kulawa Ya Kashe Lac-Megantic
BY ROGER BYBEE
Jami'an kashe gobara na duba tarkacen tarkacen jirgin dakon mai da ya bi ta Lac-Megantic, Quebec. (François Laplante-Delagrave / AFP / Getty)
A lokacin da wani jirgin kasa da ya gudu ya kutsa cikin karamin garin Lac-Megantic na Quebec a watan Yuli, inda ya kona tsakiyar birnin tare da kashe mutane 47, watakila ya kawo karshen layin masu hadari.samfurin layin dogo mai yawan riba wanda ya burge jami'an kamfanoni da na gwamnati a fadin Arewacin Amurka da ma duniya baki daya.
Babban mai ba da goyon baya na wannan samfurin laissez-faire na layin dogo - haɓaka kuɗin shiga yayin da rage farashin kulawa, tsayayya da ƙa'idodin aminci, da yaƙi da ƙungiyoyi da isassun ma'aikata - ya kasance, daidai, ba kowa ba face Edward Burkhardt, mai Montreal, Maine, da kuma Atlantic (MM&A) layin dogo wanda jirginsa ya lalata Lac-Megantic a wannan bazarar.
Burkhardt-wanda kuma ya mallaki kamfanin iyayen MM&A, tushen Illinois Rail World Inc. girma, wanda ke sarrafa layin dogo a cikin Amurka da Poland ban da mil ɗari da yawa na waƙar MM&A a Kanada - ya kasance majagaba wajen fahimtar yuwuwar samun riba na lalata layin dogo wanda kamfanin ya samar. Dokar Staggers Rail na 1980. Dokar ta ba da izinin kafa kamfanonin da ba na jiragen kasa ba ta hanyar kamfanonin jiragen kasa, wadanda za su iya amfani da dalilin cewa layin dogo na da "sababbin" masu su yaga kwangilolin kungiyar da ake da su.
Burkhardt yana cikin na farko amfani da wannan madauki a cikin Dokar Staggers don ƙoƙarin kawar da ƙungiyoyin jiragen ƙasa, wanda kuma ya sauƙaƙe rage kula da hanyoyin da yanke girman ma'aikatan jirgin zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta. Burkhardt ya dade yana matsawa ma'aikatan jirgin mutum daya da kuma jiragen kasa marasa matuka da rediyo ke jagoranta.
Ya fara aiki sosai wannan hanya a cikin 1980s tare da Wisconsin Central Railroad, tsananin adawa da yunƙurin haɗin gwiwa da kiyaye farashin kulawa a ƙalla. Bayan siyan mil 2,700 na waƙar Soo Line, Burkhardt ya yi amfani da sabuwar hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta tsakiya ta Wisconsin don amfani da ƙirarsa na haɓaka riba: yaƙi haɗin gwiwa, yanke girman ma'aikatan jirgin da skimping kan kula da hanya.
Kamar yadda koyarwar abin da za a iya sanya alama "'yancin kai kasuwa” ya samu gindin zama a tsakanin shugabannin kamfanoni da jiga-jigan kafafen yada labarai a duniyar masu magana da Ingilishi, Burkhardt ya samu karin damammaki na samun kudaden shiga duk da cewa martabar kamfanoninsa ta sha wahala.
"Wisconsin Central - wanda kuma ya yi amfani da damar mallakar kamfani don samun ayyukan jirgin kasa a kasashe irin su Biritaniya, Australia da New Zealand - ya taru. rikodin aminci mai tambaya, "in ji Philip Mattera, Daraktan Bincike da Daraktan Cibiyar Bincike na Ƙungiya a Ayyuka Masu Kyau Na Farko.
Amma duk da bala'o'i da yawa na kusa da su a Wisconsin Central, tasirin Burkhardt ya ci gaba da girma. Bayan da aka zaba a matsayin "Railroader of the Year" a 1999 by Zaman Railway mujallar, daular dogo ta kara fadada duniya. Bankin Duniya, wanda ya yi kaurin suna wajen ingantawa da aiwatar da manufofin da ke daukaka riba sama da bukatun dan Adam, ya yi amfani da shi akai-akai a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan hanyoyin da suke amfani da su wajen hada-hadar kasuwanci, inda daga karshe ya nada shi a matsayin shugaban layin dogo masu zaman kansu a Estonia da Poland da kuma Babban Consul na Sabbin. Ziland a Chicago.
Hatsari mai girma
Kuɗin zamantakewa - duka ga lafiyar al'umma da yanayin rayuwa da aminci na ma'aikata - na Burkhardt samfurin rage tsadar kayayyaki masu sha'awar sa sun yi watsi da shi duk da haɗari masu haɗari a cikin 1990s waɗanda ke nuna alamar bala'in Lac-Megantic. Ranar 4 ga Maris, 1996. lalacewar wani jirgin kasa mai dauke da man fetur a Weyauwega, Wis. ta tayar da gobarar da ta ci na tsawon makonni biyu tare da tilastawa mazauna garin 3,000 barin gidajensu. Ayyukan madugu ne kawai, wanda ya kwance motocin da ke ɗauke da sinadarai da propane, ya hana wutar kara yaduwa. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ma'aikatan jirgin mutum biyu-a lokacin da kamfanonin jirgin ƙasa da yawa, ciki har da Wisconsin Central, ke gwaji tare da yanke ƙungiyoyin ma'aikatan zuwa mambobi guda ɗaya.
A shekara mai zuwa, Haɗu da mutane a Fond du Lac sun kashe ma’aikata biyu a lokacin da wani jirgin kasan dakon kaya na tsakiyar Wisconsin ya kauce daga kan hanya ya fada cikin wata masana’anta.
A cewar Craig Peachy, darektan majalisa na sashin sufuri na Wisconsin na Sheet Metal, Air, Rail & Transport Union Union (SMART), rashin ma'aikata da rashin kulawa a fili ya haifar da haɗuwa biyu.
Jerin hatsarurrukan da suka taru sun motsa har ma da 'yan majalisar Republican masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Ayyukan Wisconsin ta Tsakiya sun sa Wakilin Gwamna Tommy Thompson ya yi sanya hannu a takardar doka a 1997 da ke ba da umarni ga ma'aikatan jirgin biyu. "Ina tsammanin ita ce kawai doka da ta umarci ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa biyu a cikin kasar," in ji Peachy A cikin wadannan Times.
Duk da haka, a ƙarshe alkalan tarayya sun yanke dokar ba bisa ka'ida ba, waɗanda suka ƙaddara cewa Dokar Ciniki ta Interstate ta buƙaci a daidaita girman ma'aikatan a cikin duk jihohin.
Montreal, Maine, da kuma Atlantic ta raguwa
Burkhardt na 2003 siyan MM&A, sannan yana fuskantar matsalolin kuɗi, an gudanar da shi a cikin salon sa na yau da kullun: ta hanyar matsa lamba. Ƴan uwantaka na Injiniyoyin Locomotive da Masu Horaswa yan kungiya su karba rage albashi tsakanin kashi 25 zuwa 40. Da'awar cewa yana neman "inganta aminci da inganci," Burkhardt kuma ya nemi a 2010 don rage girman ma'aikatan MM&A daga ma'aikata biyu zuwa ɗaya.
Wannan matakin ya jagoranci tsohon injiniya Jarod Briggs ya bar MM&A. Ya gaya wa Toronto Star, "Idan kana da mutane biyu suna kallo, za ka iya kama kuskure. Ya kasance game da yanke, yanke, yanke. Misali ne kawai na sanya ribar kamfani gaba da kare lafiyar jama’a.”
MM&A kuma a fili ba su da ma'aikatan na yau da kullun don kula da waƙoƙin sa, suna dogaro maimakon 'yan kwangila, in ji James Stem na SMART. A cikin wadannan Times.
Waɗannan ayyukan rage tsadar gaske sun haifar da gazawa mai haɗari a cikin aminci. A cewar hukumar Toronto Globe & Mail, MM&A sun ba da rahoton ƙarin hatsarori fiye da kashi 93% na ƙananan layin dogo 288 tsakanin 2009 da 2012. Hadarin da ya faru a Lac-Megantic shine kawai sabon bala'i.
Roy LaFontaine, dan kwangilar Lac-Megantic wanda ya yi aiki akai-akai don MM&A don yin aikin kulawa, ya shaidawa manema labarai na cikin gida cewa yakamata a canza waƙoƙin ƙarni da suka wuce. LaFontaine, wanda ya gamu da asarar dansa, surukai biyu, da ma'aikaci a fashewa da gobara a watan Yuli, ya ba da misalin abubuwan da suka faru kamar lalacewa da zubar da mai a matsayin shaida cewa MM&A akai-akai suna barin hanya ba tare da kulawa mai mahimmanci ba.
Kwamitin Tsaro na Sufuri na Kanada cikakke Bincike na abin da ya haifar da bala'in Lac-Megantic yana gudana, amma wani gazawar kulawa da alama shine mai laifi. MM&A sun jera motocin tanka 72 cike da mai a kan wani shinge mai nisan mil bakwai daga Lac-Megantic, wanda birkin iskar ya rike. Dangane da manufofin MM&A, injiniyan jirgin ƙasa ya ci gaba da aiki da injin don ƙara ƙarfin birki a matsayin ma'aunin tsaro sannan ya bar jirgin ba tare da kulawa ba, kuma wani ɓangare na hanyoyin MM&A.
Amma lokacin da wani bangare na Motar ya kama wuta, masu aikin kashe gobara na cikin gida da ma'aikatan MM&A sun kira zuwa wurin da abin ya faru suka yanke shawarar rufe injin motar don rage yiwuwar yaduwar wutar ko fashewa. Sai dai kashe injin din ya raunana karfin birki. Ba tare da wani ma'aikacin MM&A da ya rage a baya don sa ido kan halin da ake ciki ba - kuma bisa tsarin tsarin kamfani tare da rage farashin - daga ƙarshe, jirgin da ba shi da matuƙa ya yi birgima, yana haɓaka ƙarfin gaske kuma ya kai kololuwar gudun mil 63 cikin sa'a yayin da ya nufi ƙasa zuwa cikin gari na Lac-Megantic, cike da masu shagalin daren Asabar.
Bala'in da ya biyo baya nan take ya canza Burkhardt daga tarihin masana'antar dogo zuwa Babban muguwar Kanada. Jinkirin kwanaki huɗu na Burkhardt na ziyartar rukunin yanar gizon Lac-Megantic girgiza mazauna yankin wanda ya yi hasarar abokai da ’yan uwa a cikin jama’ar da ke kusa da 6,000. Burkhardt sai zurfafa fushin jama'a ta hanyar fara yunƙurin zargi ma'aikatan kashe gobara na sa kai, sa'an nan kuma zaɓen injiniyan da ake zaton bai kafa birki yadda ya kamata a kan jirgin ƙasa mara matuƙi ba. A zahiri, a matsayin shugaban Tsaron Sufuri na Kanada ya gaya wa NPR, Yana da wuyar gaske cewa ma'aikaci ɗaya ne kaɗai ke da alhakin hatsarin.
Babban hasarar da aka yi a Lac-Megantic ya haifar da martani mai zafi daga jami'an gwamnati, kafofin yada labarai, da kungiyoyin 'yan kasa kan rashin bin ka'idojin layin dogo. Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun riba, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin layin dogo ya haura tare da wutar Lac-Megantic.
Sun kuma yi karin haske a kan bta hanyar layin dogo ta wuraren da jama'a ke da yawa. Danyen mai, ana hakowa ta hanyar lalata muhalli "fracking" sannan kuma motocin dogo ke dauke da su a ko'ina cikin Arewacin Amurka, an gano suna da babban abun ciki na musamman na mahadi masu canzawa. Jirgin kasa da ya fashe a Lac-Megantic yana jigilar wannan muggan kaya.
Amma da bala'in Lac-Megantic ya fara farfaɗo da girman kai na Burkhardt, an sami ci gaba a cikin Kanada da Amurka don kafa ma'auni na ma'aikatan jirgin biyu da sake nazarin amincin layin dogo. A yanzu, gwamnatin Kanada - mai kula da koke-koken jama'a - ta sanya dakatarwar da ta hana ma'aikatan mutum daya a cikin jiragen kasa dauke da kaya masu hadari kamar danyen mai. A nata bangaren, Hukumar kula da layin dogo ta Amurka tana da fitar da sababbin dokoki yana buƙatar cewa motocin dogo masu ɗauke da abubuwa masu haɗari dole ne a halarci kowane lokaci.
Bugu da ari, Maine Rep. Mike Michaud, babban ma'aikaci mai ci gaba, gabatar da doka bayan munin Lac-Megantic wanda zai hana ma'aikatan jirgin mutum daya gaba daya. Ana adawa da masana'antar dogo da gangan, tana mai da shi a matsayin matakin da ba dole ba da nufin kare ayyuka maimakon inganta tsaro. Kamar yadda Burkhardt ya bayyana wa Portland Press Herald, ma'aikatan jirgin mutum daya ne a zahiri mafi aminci saboda yana kawar da kasancewar mai ban sha'awa na wani mutum.
Mai magana da yawun Michaud Ed Gilman ya mayar da martani ta hanyar jaddada bukatar magance hatsarin da ke tattare da lafiyar jama'a. "Muna fatan za mu mai da hankali sosai kan bukatar kara tsaro," in ji shi. "Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kwanan nan dan majalisar ya bukaci sauraron lafiyar jirgin kasa, ciki har da nazarin takamaiman batutuwa kamar girman ma'aikatan jirgin, ƙirar motar tanki, da bukatun inshora."
Dukansu Gilman da James Stem na SMART suna ganin yuwuwar samun goyon bayan jam'iyyu biyu ko da a cikin majalisa mai cike da rudani inda 'yan Republican suka kusan aiwatar da bukatar manyan masana'antu. Stem ya ce, "Muna sa ran samun masu ba da tallafi na Republican da yawa kuma dan majalisar wakilai Michaud shi ma yana aiki don samun 'yan Republican da yawa a kan kudirin."
"Tsaron jama'a," in ji shi, "Ba batun bangaranci ba ne."
Ana gabatar da irin wannan doka a Kanada, Inda New Democratic Party ke kira ga aƙalla ma'aikatan jirgin biyu a cikin jiragen ƙasa masu ɗauke da kayayyaki masu haɗari, da kuma ranar ƙarshe don yin ritayar motocin tanki na DOT-111 da aka ambata akai-akai, samfurin da aka yi amfani da shi akan jirgin MM&A. Dan jam'iyya da 'Yar majalisar dokokin Canada Olivia Chow Ya ce ya kamata kananan hukumomin su san lokacin da kuma wuraren da kayayyaki masu hadari ke bi ta hanyar jirgin kasa ta garuruwansu.
A matsayin Hukumar Tsaron Sufuri ta Kanada binciken daren 6 ga Yuli na tsoro a cikin Lac-Megantic ya bayyana kuma ana samun ƙarin koyo game da ayyukan masana'antar dogo, muhawarar da aka daɗe ana jinkiri kan daidaitawar masana'antar dogo kan mafi girman ribar - ba tare da la'akari da lafiyar jama'a ko amincin ma'aikaci ba - a ƙarshe ba za a iya yiwuwa ba a ɓangarorin biyu na Amurka-Kanada iyaka.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi