Source: FAIR
HBO Max ya fara watsa wani shirin gaskiya a ranar 15 ga Satumba: A La Calle ("Zuwa Titin"). Yana kwatanta shugabannin adawa da Amurka ke marawa baya a Venezuela a matsayin jarumai masu fafutukar kare demokradiyya da ke yakar mulkin kama-karya-a juma'a juma'a na gaskiya. A Daily Beast labari (9/13/21) tallata fim ɗin yana kan taken "Kwantar da gangaren Venezuela zuwa Jahannama na gurguzu," wanda ke ba da taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen labarin fim ɗin, kuma ya nuna dalilin da ya sa ya sami babban girma. dandalin kamfanoni kamar HBO Max, wani reshen of AT&Ts WarnerMedia.
daga trailer kadai, a bayyane yake cewa A La Calle yana kwatanta madugun 'yan adawar Venezuela Leopoldo López a matsayin mai kishin demokradiyya. Wannan abin ban tsoro ne.
Abubuwan da aka gada na yunkurin juyin mulki na tashin hankali
López, tsohon shugaban masana'antar mai, ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka aikata hakan juyin mulkin da Amurka ta yi a shekara ta 2002 wanda ya hambarar da zababben shugaban kasar ta hanyar dimokuradiyya a wancan lokaci, Hugo Chavez a takaice. Mulkin kama-karya a karkashin gudanarwar kasuwanci Peter Carmona ya kashe masu zanga-zanga 60 a cikin kwanaki biyun da ta yi tana mulki. (Wani kuma 19 mutane, rabin su Chavistas, an kashe su ne a cikin mummunan artabu kafin juyin mulkin.) López—tare da wani fitaccen ɗan siyasa, Henrique Capriles—ya jagoranci sace wani ministan gwamnatin Chavez a lokacin da Carmona ke kan mulki. López ya bayyana a gidan talabijin na gida, yana alfahari cewa cewa ya yi wa "Shugaba Carmona" karin bayani game da garkuwar.
Bayan watanni da yawa, López ya goyi bayan a yunkurin juyin mulki na biyu, zagon kasa da 'yan adawa suka jagoranta na masana'antar man fetur wanda ya ba da kusan dukkanin kudaden shiga na Venezuela. Yunkurin juyin mulkin da aka yi wa Chavez ya kori talauci akan 60% zuwa farkon 2003.
López ya sake goyan bayan zanga-zangar tarzoma a cikin 2013 bayan ɗan takarar da ya goyi bayan, Capriles, ya ki yarda da rashinsa Shugaban kasar Nicolas Maduro a zaben shugaban kasa na farko bayan mutuwar Hugo Chavez. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, López sukar Capriles don dakatar da zanga-zangar, yana mai cewa yakamata a ci gaba da gudanar da zanga-zangar har sai an hambarar da Maduro. Lokacin da Capriles suka dakatar da zanga-zangar, tuni sun kashe mutane tara, dukkansu magoya bayan Maduro.
López ya fara zanga-zangar a farkon 2014 wanda ya kai ga 43 mutuwar: Rabin su ya yi kakkausar suka akan nauyin da ke wuyan magoya bayansa. Sai bayan da ya jagoranci wannan yunkurin na hudu da Amurka ke marawa baya na hambarar da zababbiyar gwamnatin Venezuela, a karshe López tafi gidan yari.
Ba uzuri ba amma watsi da laifuka
Na kalli duk shirin, ina sha'awar ganin yadda ainihin fim ɗin zai lalata duk yunƙurin juyin mulkin da López ke da shi, da kuma yadda zai musanta tashin hankalin da magoya bayansa da abokansa suka aikata cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata.
Na kuma yi mamakin yadda fim ɗin zai ba da uzuri na kisan kai takunkuman tattalin arzikin Amurka a kan Venezuela—ayyukan yaƙi da suka kasance alaka da mutuwar na dubun dubatar 'yan kasar Venezuela a karshen shekarar 2018 kadai. Nan da shekarar 2021, takunkumin Amurka, wanda ke kara tsanantawa tun daga shekarar 2019, ya rage kudaden shiga na gwamnatin Venezuela da kashi 99%, bisa ga mai bincike na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Alena Douhan.
Ina tsammanin zan ga munanan gardama da ke tabbatar da duk waɗannan laifuffuka. Maimakon haka, shirin ya gyara su gaba ɗaya. Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da aka ambata ko da sau ɗaya: babu komai game da yunƙurin juyin mulkin da Amurka ta goyi bayan 2014, ba komai game da mummunan yaƙin tattalin arziki da Amurka ta yi wa Venezuela tun 2017.
Masanin tattalin arzikin Venezuela Ricardo Hausmann da kuma Tamara Taraciuk (Mataimakin darektan Human Rights Watch na Amurka) ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman ga haƙƙin maganganun da suka yi.
Karkataccen darasi na tarihi
A cikin fim din, Hausmann ya ce Chávez ya hau kan karagar mulki ne saboda a shekarar 1998, shekarar da aka fara zaben Chavez, “shekara ce mai wahala ta fuskar tattalin arziki.” A zahiri, Venezuela tana da 'yan bala'i shekarun da suka gabata kafin a fara zaben Chavez. Hausmann ya kamata ya sani, domin a 1992, ya ya zama minista a cikin gwamnatin Carlos Andres Perez, wanda ya aikata laifin Kisan Kisan Caracazo a 1989: An kashe daruruwan mutane, watakila dubbai, na talakawa a cikin kwanaki biyar na zanga-zangar adawa da shirin tsuke bakin aljihun da IMF ta kafa.
A cikin wani labarin kwanan nan (FAIR.org, 8/26/21), Justin Podur da ni mun sake nazarin tarihin tattalin arzikin Venezuela, yana nuna cewa ta kasance tana fama da talauci mai ban tsoro da rashin daidaito, duk da cewa Venezuela ta kasance babbar mai fitar da man fetur tun daga 1930s. Tabbas, "Zukawar Venezuela Zuwa Jahannama Jahannama" ba kanun labarai ba ne da wataƙila za ku iya samu a cikin ɗaukar hoto na kamfanoni daga zamanin pre-Chávez.
Bayan da Hausmann ya yi bayanin dalilin da ya sa aka fara zaɓen Chavez cikin yaudara, Hausmann ya ci gaba da yin karya. "Hugo Chavez, a cikin shekaru biyar na farko, ya canza abubuwa da yawa," in ji shi, "amma yanayin tattalin arziki bai inganta ba."
Ƙarya ce ta ƙetare. Hausmann ya yi watsi da cewa a cikin wadannan shekaru biyar na farko, Chavez ya fuskanci wasu manyan yunkurin juyin mulki guda biyu da Amurka ta goyi bayan wanda ya durkusar da tattalin arzikin kasar. Ta hanyar tsira daga wannan yunƙurin juyin mulkin, Chavez ya kasance, a cikin 2003, a ƙarshe, ya sami ikon mallakar kamfanin mai na jihar, PDVSA, babban tushen kuɗin ƙasar.
Hausmann ya sake yaudarar masu kallo da cewa, “A shekarar 2004, farashin mai ya tashi. Nan da nan Hugo Chavez ya gane cewa yana da kuɗi da yawa."
Farashin man fetur ya yi tashin gwauron zabi tun 1998, shekarar kafin Chavez ya fara aiki. An yi sa'a ga yawancin 'yan Venezuela, farashin mai ya ci gaba da hauhawa na shekaru da yawa bayan da Chavez a karshe ya kwace ikon PDVSA daga masu sabo. Don haka tattalin arzikin ya sami damar murmurewa cikin sauri daga yunkurin juyin mulkin kuma ya fara wani lokaci mai ban mamaki rage talauci.
Babu wani abin da ya gabata na 'kwanan nan'?
Kusan mintuna 40 cikin shirin, Tamara Taracuk na Human Rights Watch ya ce zanga-zangar ta 2017 (wanda fim din ya nuna Leopoldo López yana ƙarfafa shi daga gidan yari) ba su da "babu wani misali a tarihin Venezuela na kwanan nan." Kalmar nan "kwanan nan" tana ɗaukar nauyi sosai a cikin wannan magana maras hankali.
Shin yunƙurin juyin mulkin Afrilu, 2002 (wanda ya kashe mutane 79, magoya bayan Hugo Chavez da yawa, kuma ya hambarar da gwamnati a taƙaice) ba "kwanan nan ba," mai kisa ko siyasa mai mahimmanci wanda ya isa ya ba da "shafi" don zanga-zangar a cikin 2017, wanda ya bar 126 mutane sun mutu? Hakanan, yana ba bayyananne ba idan akasarin wadanda aka kashe a shekarar 2017 ‘yan adawa ne. Wasu daga cikin masu zanga-zangar sun yi munanan munanan ayyuka, kamar kona da ransu Orlando Figuera, dan shekara 21 mai goyon bayan gwamnatin Afro Venezuela.
Me game da Kisan kiyashin Caracazo na 1989, wanda gwamnatin Amurka mai goyon bayan Amurka ta yi? Shin yana ƙidaya a matsayin "tarihin Venezuelan kwanan nan"? A cikin kwanaki biyar, adadin wadanda suka mutu a Caracazo ya zarce, mai yiyuwa da wani tsari mai girma, adadin wadanda suka mutu a dukkan bangarorin yayin zanga-zangar da Amurka ta goyi bayan gwamnatin Chavista ta Venezuela a 2002, 2013, 2014 da 2017. (Ba zato ba tsammani, kisan kiyashin na Caracazo ma ya faru. Babu wani tasiri kan dangantakar abokantaka ta Amurka/Venezuela, ko kuma kan yadda jaridun Amurka suka rika yada labaran gwamnatin Venezuelan a lokacin.FAIR.org, 8/26/21.)
Kimanin awa daya da mintuna 28 a cikin fim din, Taracuk ya ce duk "gwamnati mai kyau" a cikin mawuyacin halin tattalin arziki na Venezuela "za ta nemi taimako," amma Maduro ya "rufe kofa ga taimakon kasa da kasa, wanda ke samuwa." Wannan karya ce da aka saba yi a watan Fabrairun 2019, lokacin da gwamnatin Trump, sabo da amincewa da Juan Guaidó a matsayin shugaban rikon kwarya na Venezuela, ta bukaci sojojin Venezuela su yi wa Maduro baya tare da ba da damar kusan dala miliyan 20 na “taimako” su shigo daga Colombia (FAIR.org, 2/12/19).
Ko da a lokacin, wannan adadin "taimako" kuskure ne mai zagaye idan aka kwatanta da na tasirin takunkumin tattalin arziki cewa Trump ya sanyawa tun watan Agusta 2017. Taracuk bai taba yin tambaya game da "da'a" na Trump da gangan ya zabi ya shake tattalin arzikin da ya riga ya shiga cikin rikici ba. Wannan kadai ya sa kalaman nata ya zama batsa, amma kuma, sabanin abin da ta ikirari, Maduro ya bukaci taimakon kasa da kasa da Venezuela ke karba kafin taimakon agajin da Amurka ke jagoranta na shekarar 2019.FAIR.org, 2/12/19).
An ƙaddamar da farfagandar karya
Takardun shirin ya jajirce wajen yada farfagandar da aka yi daga shekarar 2019 wanda kuma ya ba da ra'ayin cewa dakarun da ke biyayya ga Maduro sun kona wata motar agaji a kan iyakar Colombia. "Motoci uku ko hudu sun shiga cikin kasar Venezuela, amma daya daga cikinsu ya kone," in ji López a kyamara. The Grayzone (2/24/19) kuma daga baya har ma da New York Times (3/10/19) ya karyata wannan karya a lokacin, yana mai lura da haka video ya nuna cewa wani dan adawa ne ya kona motar.
Bayan 2019, kafofin watsa labarai na Yamma a zahiri sun ci gaba da tura ƙaryar cewa Maduro ya ƙi taimakon ƙasa da ƙasa, musamman saboda Trump, kuma a yanzu Biden, ya zama bakin ciki sosai game da yaƙin tattalin arzikinsu akan Venezuela (FAIR.org, 3/25/20, 7/21/21).
Kusan mintuna 70 cikin shirin, Taraciuk ya yi kakkausar suka da cewa kuri'un ba sirri ba ne a lokacin zaben shugaban kasa na Mayu 2018 da Maduro ya lashe da gagarumin rinjaye, yana mai cewa masu kada kuri'a "dole ne su bi ta hanyar zabe. ja domin yin rijistar kuri’unsu.” The ja dige ("Red point") su ne kiosks na gwamnati ya kafa ko da yaushe kusa da cibiyoyin kada kuri'a don kada kuri'a. Ko da wani anti-Maduro marubuci wanda ya kai farmaki wadannan kiosks kamar yadda "blackmail" ya yarda cewa gwamnati ba za ta iya sanin yadda mutane suka yi zabe ba.
Har ila yau, babban munafunci ne a yi zargin cewa Maduro ya tilasta wa masu kada kuri'a, yayin da ya yi watsi da barazanar da Amurka ta aika masu jefa kuri'a na Venezuela tun daga 2017: cewa za a ci gaba da gurgunta yakin tattalin arziki da Venezuela da kuma kara tsananta har sai an hambarar da Maduro.
Ko ta yaya, kidaya kuri'un Maduro a 2018 ya yi daidai da matakin goyon baya a Zaɓen Pew Research (da kyar wani kayan tallafi na Maduro) ya ba da shawarar cewa yana da watanni da yawa bayan haka. Ya gano cewa kashi 33% na 'yan Venezuela "sun amince da gwamnatin kasa don yin abin da ya dace ga Venezuela." Wannan kuma matakin tallafi ne tsakanin masu jefa ƙuri'a waɗanda suka ci nasara akai-akai a Kanada, Amurka da Burtaniya (Labaran Mintuna, 1/28/19).
Wani bangare na garken watsa labarai na Yamma
A cikin fim ɗin, faifan bidiyo da yawa daga manyan kafofin watsa labarai suna ƙarfafa rashin gaskiyar fim ɗin. Fox News Dan jarida Bryan Llenas ya ce, "Venezuela na rugujewa a karkashin nauyin mulkin zalunci na Maduro." A BBC Dan jarida ya yi wa Maduro kallon rainin wayo yayin da ya yi watsi da ikirarin cewa sake zabensa na 2018 bai halatta ba.
Kafofin yada labarai na Yamma sun dade suna haɓaka wani nau'in gajeriyar hannu, mai maimaitawa ba tare da ƙarewa ba, wanda ke buƙatar cikakken hukunci ga 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan Amurka kamar Leopoldo López a Venezuela. Duk wani sakamakon shari'a na tayar da zaune tsaye da Amurka ke marawa baya ana bayyana shi azaman zalunci (FAIR.org, 4/23/18).
US kafofin watsa labarai na nishaɗi sun kuma ba da gudummawa ga yaƙin neman zaɓe ga gwamnatin Maduro (FAIR.org, 9/18/19). Shekaran da ya gabata Etan Hawke yi a hira mai ban tsoro tare da López (wani tsohon abokin da Hawke ya sadu da shi yayin da yake halartar makarantar sakandare mai zaman kanta a New York). Yana da sauqi ka ga dalilin HBO Max zai ji daɗin watsa shirye-shiryen bidiyo mai ban dariya kamar A La Calle.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi