"Madaidaicin Buffett: Masu Arziki ba sa biyan matsakaicin matsakaicin haraji," Wall Street Journal, Review & Outlook, Satumba 20, 2011

"Ƙasashen 0.1%: Dokar Buffett tana ba da kuɗi," Wall Street Journal, Review & Outlook, Maris 21, 2012

"Matsayin Karshe na Sarkozy: Zaɓin Faransa yanzu ya fi iri ɗaya ko tsalle daga kan dutsen Socialist," Wall Street Journal, Review & Outlook, Afrilu 22, 2012

"Jamusanci Faransa," Wall Street Journal, Review & Outlook, Mayu 7, 2012

 

Editocin Wall Street Journal Ana ganin ja a lokacin da Shugaba Obama ya fara yin la'akari da Dokar Buffet a matsayin mabuɗin maido da daidaiton haraji ga ka'idojin haraji na Amurka. Sai dai al'amura sun kara dagulewa lokacin da François Hollande, dan takarar jam'iyyar gurguzu, ya zama kan gaba a zaben share fage na shugaban kasar Faransa, masu editocin sun rage suna kokawa da zabin "marasa kishi" da ke fuskantar zababbun Faransa a zaben fidda gwani. Sannan kuma ya kara tabarbarewa bayan makonni biyu a zaben fidda gwani, lokacin, kamar yadda Journal Editoci sun ce, "Faransa sun zaɓi yin tsalle daga dutsen gurguzu ba tare da parachute ba."

Dokar Buffett da Obama ke marawa baya ta zo ne a matsayin mari a wuyan hannu idan aka kwatanta da shirin Hollande na kara yawan adadin harajin shiga na Faransa. Kuma manufofin harajin Obama ba za su yi kasa a gwiwa ba wajen biyan masu hannu da shuni fiye da manufofin harajin abokin hamayyar Hollande, shugaba mai ci na Faransa Nicolas Sarkozy, da a ce an sake zabe shi.

Wannan duk mummunan labari ne ga Journal editoci, waɗanda suka yi la'akari da masu arziƙin haraji suna yanke maganin duk wani tattalin arzikin da ke da matsala, amma bari mu kalli yadda labarai mai daɗi ga sauran mu.

Dokar Buffett da Hutun Harajin Mitt

Dokar Buffett ta ɗauki sunanta daga hamshakin attajirin nan mai saka jari Warren Buffett, wanda da gaske ya dage kan cewa dokar haraji ta gaskiya za ta buƙaci a ƙara harajin kuɗin shiga da ya fi na sakatariyarsa. Ba haka lamarin yake ba game da harajin shiga na Amurka. Ma'aikata mafi girma na iya biyan haraji har zuwa 35% akan dala na karshe na albashi, yayin da masu zuba jari ke biyan haraji fiye da kashi 15% akan duk wani kudin shiga daga ribar babban jari ko rabon su, komai girman kudin shiga. . Don tabbatar da cewa ba a biyan harajin miliyoyi da biliyoyin kuɗi a ƙaramin kuɗi fiye da albashi na yau da kullun da ma'aikatan albashi, Dokar Buffett za ta sanya mafi ƙarancin haraji 30% ga duk wanda ke da kuɗin shiga sama da dala miliyan 1.

Wannan na iya zama daidai, amma Journal masu gyara sun nace cewa gaba dayan jigo na harajin, cewa attajirai a halin yanzu suna biyan ƙananan kuɗin haraji fiye da ma'aikatan aji, "tatsuniya ne." Kuma sun yi imanin sun sami lambobin da za su tabbatar da hakan: matsakaicin adadin harajin kuɗin shiga da masu miliyoyi suka biya a cikin 2008 ya ninka fiye da sau biyu na kuɗin da masu biyan haraji ke biya tare da samun kuɗi a cikin kewayon $ 50,000 zuwa $ 100,000.

Amma Journal Lambobin editoci da kyar suke gamsarwa. Da farko, suna kallon ƙimar harajin kuɗi kawai kuma ba duk harajin tarayya ba, ta wannan hanyar yin watsi da harajin Social Security da Medicare, tsakanin sauran harajin tarayya. Lokacin da Sabis na Bincike na Majalisa (CRS) ya kalli duk harajin tarayya, sun gano cewa bambanci a cikin matsakaicin adadin haraji na miliyoyi (24%) da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin masu biyan haraji tare da samun kudin shiga a ƙarƙashin $ 100,000 (19%) ya fi ƙanƙanta sosai. abin da lambobin editoci suka nuna. Bugu da ƙari, lambobin editan matsakaicin adadin haraji ne wanda ke ɓoye bambancin farashin haraji a cikin ƙungiyoyin samun kudin shiga. Kuma hakan ma ya kawo sauyi. Misali, CRS ta gano cewa "kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na duk miliyoniyoyi suna fuskantar adadin harajin da ya yi ƙasa da adadin harajin da masu biyan matsakaicin kuɗi miliyan 10.4 ke fuskanta."

Shirye-shiryen haraji na dan takarar shugaban kasa na jam'iyyar Republican Mill Romney ba zai gyara wannan babban rashin adalci ba - zai kara dagula lamarin. Romney zai ci gaba da rage harajin Bush mai arziƙi, ya soke harajin gidaje, sannan ya rage yawan harajin kuɗin shiga na tarayya, gami da faɗuwar babban sashi daga kashi 35% zuwa 28%. Gabaɗaya, shawararsa za ta rage yawan kuɗin haraji na 1% mafi arziƙi na masu biyan haraji, tare da matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dala miliyan 1.4, da ninki uku na harajin mai matsakaicin haraji, tare da matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na $ 42,000. Hakanan za a iya raba kusan dala miliyan 3.4 daga lissafin harajin Romney na 2013.

ga Journal masu gyara, ba kawai Dokar Buffett ba ta da kyau, amma sassansa ƙanana ne. A cewar Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwar Tattalin Arziki na Majalisar, Dokar Buffett ba za ta tara fiye da dala biliyan 47 a cikin sabbin kuɗaɗen haraji a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa ba, tare da ɗaukan rage harajin Bush ga attajirai ya ƙare. Amma haɗin gwiwar Dokar Buffett da ba da izinin rage harajin Bush ga masu biyan haraji tare da samun kuɗin shiga sama da dala 250,000 don ƙarewa, gami da barin babban sashin harajin kuɗin shiga ya tashi zuwa 39.6%, kamar yadda Obama ya ba da shawara, zai haɓaka sama da dala tiriliyan 1 ƙarin kudaden haraji sama da shekaru goma masu zuwa. Wani bincike da Cibiyar Manufofin Harajin ba da izini ba ta gano cewa waɗannan canje-canjen haraji guda biyu za su ɗauki ƙarin 5.3% na samun kudin shiga na sama da kashi 1%, suna tura ƙimar harajin tarayya mai tasiri (ko nawa kuɗin shigar da suka biya a duk harajin tarayya) har zuwa 36.8%. Wannan zai kasance kawai game da abin da 1% mafi arziki ya biya a cikin haraji na tarayya a cikin 1979, kafin shekaru talatin na rage harajin masu arziki. Za su iya da kyau. Daga 1979 zuwa 2007, samun kudin shiga bayan haraji (gyara don hauhawar farashin kaya) na saman 1% kusan ninki uku, yana ƙaruwa 281%, yayin da kuɗin shiga na waɗanda ke tsakiyar rarraba kuɗin shiga ya karu kawai 35% a cikin waɗannan shekarun.

Harajin Masu Arziki, Salon Faransanci

Babban sashin harajin shiga-hannun shiga a Faransa ya riga ya kasance 41%, sama da ko da kashi 39.6% na Obama zai sanya. Bugu da kari, masu zuba jari na Faransa suna biyan haraji na kashi 32.5% akan ribar babban jarinsu sabanin kashi 15% a Amurka. A gefe guda kuma, gwamnatin Sarkozy ta kafa "garkin haraji" don kare masu biyan haraji. Wannan ma'auni ya nuna cewa babu wani mai biyan haraji da zai biya fiye da rabin abin da ya samu a harajin kasa (jimlar abin da ya biya na harajin shiga da sauran haraji). Garkuwar haraji ya haifar da rashin da'a da gwamnatin Faransa ta yi na rubuta makudan kudade na kudaden harajin kudaden shiga da ta hana wa wasu 'yan kasarta masu hannu da shuni a daidai lokacin da take korar ma'aikatan gwamnati da gibin kasafin kudinta.

Manufofin harajin Sarkozy sun kasance jakunkuna mai gauraya. Tun da farko a wa'adinsa, rage harajinsa, musamman garkuwar haraji, ya amfana sosai da kashi 10% mafi arziki a Faransa, kodayake ya kuma kawar da haraji kan albashin karin lokaci a matsayin martanin siyasa ga satin aiki na sa'o'i 35 da jam'iyyar Socialist ke marawa baya. Bayan haka, Sarkozy ya tafi tare da sanya karin harajin kashi 3 cikin 650,000 a kan masu biyan haraji da ke da kudaden shiga sama da dala 1, kuma a yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na baya-bayan nan ya yi alkawarin ba zai rage haraji ga masu hannu da shuni. A farkon wannan shekarar ya yi alkawarin, idan aka sake zabar shi, zai jagoranci gaba wajen tura harajin hada-hadar kudi (a kan hada-hadar hannayen jari da sauran tsare-tsare) wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa waɗanda suka haifar da rikicin kuɗi “za su biya ga barnar da suka yi. ” Wannan mataki ne da Shugaba Obama bai taba amincewa da shi a bainar jama'a ba. A ƙarshe, Sarkozy mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ya amince da waɗannan manufofin a cikin ƙasa mai ka'idar haraji mai harajin dukiya da harajin gidaje masu yawa kuma inda rabon kuɗin shiga na XNUMX% mafi arziki ya wuce rabin abin da ke cikin Amurka.

A muhawarar da ya yi da Sarkozy, dan takarar shugaban kasa na jam'iyyar Socialist Francois Hollande ya yi alkawarin cewa a karkashin gwamnatinsa, "masu kudi za su aika cak zuwa baitul mali" ba akasin haka ba. Hollande na da niyyar kara matsawa babban bangaren harajin shiga na Faransa zuwa daga kashi 41% zuwa 75% na kudin shiga sama da Yuro miliyan daya (ko kusan dala miliyan 1.3).

A kan wasu batutuwan tattalin arziki, Hollande zai dage kan cewa Tarayyar Turai ta amince da "yarjejeniya ta ci gaba," wadda za ta hada da harajin hada-hadar kudi da lamuni na gwamnati da kasashen Tarayyar Turai suka yi tare don samar da ayyukan more rayuwa. A kan haka kuma, yakin neman zaben Hollande ya yi kaurin suna wajen yin garambawul ga harkokin kudi daga haramta zabin hannun jari da kuma kudaden alawus-alawus na gudanarwa zuwa raba hannun jari da bankuna, matakan biyu da gwamnatin Obama ta yi watsi da su. Yanzu za mu ga nawa ne shirin nasa na tattalin arziki Hollande zai iya aiwatarwa a Faransa ko kuma a duk fadin nahiyar Turai.

Babu Socialist Anan

Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa mukaman yakin neman zaben Mitt Romney sun yi nisa a dama da babbar muhawarar siyasar Faransa. Kuma ba abin mamaki ba ne, ko da yake 'yan Republican suna jayayya da akasin haka, cewa manufofin yakin neman zaben Obama game da sake fasalin kudi da haraji sun yi nisa da matsayi na gurguzu na Hollande. Amma idan aka zo batun harajin masu hannu da shuni, manufofin yakin neman zaben Obama sun fi ra'ayin mazan jiya fiye da manufofin da tsohon shugaban Faransa Sarkozy na dama ya amince da shi.

Idan yakin neman zaben Obama bai wuce kara harajin hada-hadar kudi ba, wanda Hollande da Sarkozy suka amince da shi, a kan dokar Buffet da kuma soke harajin Bush na masu hannu da shuni, wanda tuni ya bayar da shawarar, wadannan matakan, idan har aka zartar. zai magance kyakykyawan kadan na rashin daidaiton gibin da ke faruwa a yau da rashin kwanciyar hankali na kudi. Kuma tabbas zai aika da Journal Editoci suna ta tururuwa zuwa akwatunan likitancinsu don neman kwalbar Maalox, suna tsammanin akwai wani abu da ya rage a cikin kwalbar yanzu da suka shiga cikin labarin "Socialist Faransa."

JOHN MILLER, memba na kungiyar Dala & Hankali gamayya, farfesa ne a fannin tattalin arziki a Kwalejin Wheaton.

SOURCES: Thomas L. Hungerford, "Bincike na 'Dokar Buffet'," , Sabis na Bincike na Majalisa, Rahoton Majalisa, Maris 28, 2012; John McKinnon, "Kashi 1% na sama za su ga Yunƙurin Haraji na $90,000, Rahoton ya ce," Wall Street Journal, Maris 22, 2012; "Ku yi imani da Amurka: Shirin Mitt Romney na Ayyuka da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki" (mittromney.com); "Rubutun Shugaban Kasa akan Haraji" (barackobama.com); "Binciken CTJ Ya Nuna Shirin Romney Zai Yanke Harajinsa Kusan Cikin Rabi," Jama'ar Jama'a don Shari'ar Haraji, Janairu 19, 2012; "Shirye-shiryen Haraji na 'Yan takarar Shugaban kasa na GOP sun ba da fifiko ga 1 bisa dari," Jama'a don Shari'ar Haraji, Janairu 6, 2012; "Faransa: Sarkozy da Hollande kan tattalin arziki," Labaran BBC, Mayu 2, 2012; Gabriele Parussini, "Mai Gabatar Gaban Faransawa Yayi Alƙawarin Batun Haraji 75%," Wall Street Journal, Fabrairu 29, 2012; "Hollande ta sha alwashin tura EU don sauƙaƙe manufofin bashi," Associated Press, Boston Globe, Afrilu 26, 2012; Gabriele Parussini da William Horobin, "Babu juyin mulki de Grace da ya fito a muhawarar shugaban Faransa," Wall Street Journal, Mayu 3, 2012; da "Rarraba Mu Tsaya: Me yasa rashin daidaito ke ci gaba da tashi," Daraktan Ayyuka, Ma'aikata da Harkokin Jama'a, OECD, Disamba 2011.

  

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