Source: Muryar 'Yan Ta'adda
Hoto daga Ringo Chiu/Shutterstock
Gonakin masana'antu su ne masu girbin wayewa, suna yin bidi'a da yankan shanu, aladu, da kaji ta dubun dubatar miliyoyi, da kuma kashe shanu, aladu, da kaji cikin rashin sanin yakamata, da kuma ba da gangan ba, amma yadda ya kamata, guba, nakasa da/ko kashe tsuntsaye, kwari, amphibians, dabbobi masu shayarwa, da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Muhimman halittu masu tallafawa rayuwa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga rayuwar ɗan adam. Kuma, yana da doka.
Gonakin masana'antu sun tashi ba zato ba tsammani; misali, a Iowa "yawan ayyukan ciyar da dabbobi na jihar, wanda aka sani da CAFOs, ya karu daga 722 a cikin 2001 zuwa fiye da 10,000 a cikin 2017, bisa ga binciken masana'antar da malaman jami'ar Iowa biyu da suka yi ritaya." 1
Jumla ta farko na labarin Pew Trust ya karanta; "Iowa yana da matsala mara kyau."
A halin yanzu, gonakin masana'antu ɓarkewar jirgin ƙasa ne da ya tafi ballistic. Cibiyar Bambancin Halittu tare da Kariyar Dabbobin Duniya-US sun fitar da wani sabon rahoto mai suna. Cutar lalata (Fabrairu 4, 2022) wanda yayi nazarin tasirin da aka kiyasta kimanin fam miliyan 235 a duk shekara na maganin ciyawa da kwari da ake amfani da su don ciyar da amfanin gona don gonakin masana'anta a Amurka a cikin shekarar da ta gabata wacce cikakkun bayanai ke samuwa. Ana amfani da sinadarai ga masara da waken soya don ciyar da dabbobin da aka noma a Amurka. Kusan kashi 50% na amfani da magungunan kashe qwari masu haɗari a duk duniya shine na masara da waken soya don gonakin masana'anta.
Rahoton ya bayyana wani mummunan tsari na matsananciyar matsananciyar rashin lafiya mai cike da rashin mutuntawa / ciyar da dabbobi don kitso da sauri don yanka don gamsar da buri na duniya na abinci mai sauri. Dukkanin tsari daga A-zuwa-Z yana amfani da dabarun layi don samun abinci daga magungunan kashe qwari/ciwon daji da aka wadatar da shukar gonaki guda ɗaya a cikin hannayen miƙe-yaƙe-fadi-baki-baki na ɗan adam, ci da gumi kamar cushe aladu, kamar yadda Rukunin mutuwa na Rigar Bulb Syndrome -WBS- (95°F/90% rigar) yana fara ƙararrawar sa sama da ƙasan ma'aunin. Dumamar yanayi ta haifar da wannan mummunan lamari da zai iya kashe mutum cikin sa'o'i 6, idan ba zai iya tsira daga hadaddiyar zafi da zafi ba.
The Cutar lalata Rahoton ya bayyana tasirin yawaitar amfani da sinadarai masu guba, musamman magungunan ciyawa da magungunan kashe kwari, da ake amfani da su don ciyar da amfanin gona ga dabbobin da masana'anta ke noma.
Dangane da binciken - "Lalacewar Haɗin Kai: Yadda Noma Factory ke Haɓaka Amfani da Magungunan Gwari na Noma mai guba" ta Kariyar Dabbobi ta Duniya, New York, NY, Fabrairu 2022:
Yawan cin nama yana haifar da raguwar yawan dabbobin daji ta hanyar karuwar noman noman monoculture don ciyar da dabbobin da aka noma a cikin tsarin noman masana'anta wanda ke samar da mafi yawan naman da ake cinyewa a Amurka a yau. Wannan shine mafi kyawun shaida ta ɗaruruwan miliyoyin fam na sinadarai masu haɗari da ake amfani da su ga masara da amfanin gona na waken soya azaman magungunan kashe qwari a Amurka. Waɗannan sinadarai masu guba suna hana kwari, tsuntsaye, kifaye, da sauran taxa su rayu da bunƙasa tare da lalata nau'ikan tsire-tsire na asali waɗanda suke dogara da su don matsuguni da abinci.
Wannan baki ne. A takaice dai, yanayin rayuwar gaba dayan halittu yana cikin hadari ta yadda mutane za su iya cusa abinci a makogwaronsu. Wannan tsarin gaba ɗaya yana cike da batutuwan ɗabi'a, har ma a sarari ma'ana ya ce "wani abu bai dace ba." Samar da tambayar ko ɗan adam ya makale a cikin duniyar sinadarai mai guba don tsira. Wannan abin ban mamaki ya wuce kodadde, amma na gaske.
Glyphosate, wadda ita ce maganin ciyawa da aka fi amfani da ita a duk duniya, ana amfani da ita sosai wajen noman masana'anta. Wannan sinadari ne na dare wanda a zahiri ya rataya a kan al'umma kamar hancin rataye. Nazarin ya nuna cewa glyphosate yana rage bambancin halittu gaba ɗaya da kashi 22%. Dangane da binciken EPA na 2020, "yana cutarwa, rauni ko kashe kashi 93% na tsire-tsire da dabbobin da aka kiyaye su a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kare Haɗari,"2 Wannan yayi daidai da jimlar lambobi masu ƙarewa. Ma'ana cewa sinadari ɗaya yana cim ma a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata abin da ya faru na halakar Permian Triassic, aka: Babban Mutuwa, na shekaru miliyan 252 da suka wuce ya cika cikin shekaru miliyan kaɗan.
Dangane da lafiyar ɗan adam, tuni fiye da ƙararraki 13,000 sun yi iƙirarin cewa maganin kashe qwari yana haifar da lymphoma ba Hodgkin. "Bincike kan Ciwon daji" na WHO ya yi iƙirarin cewa glyphosate "mai yiwuwa carcinogenic ne ga mutane."
"Binciken kimiyya ya nuna dangantaka mai karfi tsakanin glyphosate da kuma mummunar haɗari na kiwon lafiya ciki har da rushewar tsarin hormonal da kwayoyin cututtuka masu amfani, lalata DNA, ci gaba da haɓakar haifuwa, lahani na haihuwa, sauran cututtuka, da kuma neurotoxicity,"2
Ban da glyphosate, atrazine yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan amfani da shi, kuma mai guba, magungunan kashe qwari na noma a cikin Amurka, da farko ana amfani da su akan masara, dawa, da rake. Bisa lafazin Cutar lalata: "Yawancin da ake amfani da su a Amurka, wasu 87%, ana amfani da su ne kawai ga masara kuma an kiyasta kashi 60-70% na duk masara ana bi da su tare da atrazine."
Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin rahoton da damuwa mai girma, kuma kusan fiye da imani:
Duk da shahararsa a Amurka da yankin Asiya-Pacific, an dakatar da atrazine a cikin kasashe 35. An dakatar da shi a cikin EU saboda ci gaba da gurɓatar ruwan ƙasa. Yana da tafin hannu, yana shiga cikin ruwa akai-akai ta hanyar zubar da ruwa da ruwan sama, kuma an gano shi a cikin ruwan sama ko iska a Turai da Amurka fiye da duk wani maganin kashe kwari da ake amfani da shi a halin yanzu. Dangane da kimantawar binciken ƙasa na Amurka (USGS), an gano atrazine a cikin rafuka a matakan 200 micrograms a kowace Lita (μg/L) kuma ana gano akai-akai sama da 100 μg/L. A cikin ruwan da ke kusa da filayen da aka yi wa magani an sami atrazine a cikin maida hankali kamar 1000 μg/I. 2
Don kwatanta dalilai na tasirin: "Atrazine yana da guba sosai ga algae a cikin al'ada a yawan adadin ≥100 μg lita.. ".3
A cewar rahoton, atrazine sanannen mai rushewar endocrin tare da yawan guba, misali:
Atrazine mai ƙarfi ne mai rushewar endocrine kuma yana da alaƙa da al'amuran lafiyar ɗan adam iri-iri, gami da nau'ikan ciwon daji, cutar Parkinson, da cutarwa ga tsarin haihuwa. Bayan kawai awanni shida na fallasa an sami karuwar mutuwar kwayar halitta da lalacewar DNA. Irin wannan lahani daga fallasa ga radiation Gamma zai ɗauki cikakken minti 15. Atrazine kuma yana canza matakan dopamine da norepinephrine a cikin kwakwalwa kuma yana rage ayyukan lantarki na wasu sel a cikin cerebellum (yankin kwakwalwa da ke sarrafa aikin motsa jiki). A matsayin mai rushewar endocrin zai iya tsoma baki tare da ma'auni na hormones a cikin jiki, yana tasiri sosai ga ilimin ilimin lissafi da ci gaba. 2
Ba abin mamaki ba ne ko kaɗan cewa ƙasashe 35, gami da EU, sun haramta atrazine. Amma, ya shahara sosai a Amurka.
Abubuwan da aka ambata daga Cutar lalata kawai tatsuniya daga cikin zurfin bincike mai shafuka 50 na "farashin mai guba na noman masana'antu." Ga cikakken rahoton nan.
Rahoton ya ba da takamaiman shawarwarin shafuka uku ga gwamnatoci da ƙungiyoyin gwamnatoci da kasuwanci da cibiyoyi da daidaikun mutane. Kuma, a matsayin tsarin gabaɗaya, rahoton ya yi kira ga mutane da cibiyoyi da su zaɓi abinci mafi koshin lafiya da menus waɗanda ke ba da fifikon abinci na tushen shuka don “ƙasa tasirin dabbobi da duniya.”
Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa kwanan nan ne aka fitar da wani babban bincike na kasa da kasa kan tasirin sinadarai a doron kasa. Yana tabbatarwa Lalacewar Lantarki, don sanin: 4
Binciken ya bayyana cewa sinadarai sun wuce iyakar aminci ga duniyar: "Muna da shaidu masu yawa na tasiri mara kyau ga tsarin Duniya, ciki har da bambancin halittu da hawan keke."
Gabaɗaya, sinadarai dubu ɗari uku da hamsin a halin yanzu suna canza yanayin yanayin duniyar duniyar. Cibiyar Injiniyan Muhalli ta Switzerland kwanan nan ta tattara adadin, abin mamaki gano adadin sinadarai ya ninka sau uku fiye da kiyasin da aka yi a baya.
Hakazalika, iskar gas na canza yanayin yanayin. Gabaɗaya, Duniya ta zama duniyar da ake cajin sinadarai ta wucin gadi. Saboda haka, babu wanda ya san abin da zai faru a gaba tare da mafi girman gwajin sinadarai na kowane lokaci. Amma, ta yaya zai iya zama mai kyau?
- "Masu Muhalli Sun Yi Kokarin Tsawon Hari Don Hana Sabbin Gonakin Masana'antu", Pew Trust, Fabrairu 19, 2021. [Kusa]
- Ibid. [Kusa] [Kusa] [Kusa] [Kusa]
- Kyle D. Hoagland, et al, "Tasirin Abubuwan Abubuwan Daɗaɗɗen Halitta", Algal Ecology, 1996. [Kusa]
- Marc Préel, "Filastik, Gurɓatar Sinadarai fiye da Nazarin Amintaccen Iyakar Duniya", Phys.org, Fabrairu 15, 2022.Kusa]
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi