Lokacin da nake magana akan zamantakewar kimiyya ina magana ne game da kawo juyin juya hali, kawo game da jamhuriyar ma'aikata wanda Connolly yayi mana magana akai. Jamhuriyyar ma'aikata a gare mu tana nufin abu daya ne kawai, mulkin mallaka na tattalin arziki, mallakar kowace masana'anta, injin niƙa, da nawa a wannan ƙasa, ta ma'aikata.
Tana haye saman rufin rufin sanyi na wani yanki na arewacin Dublin, yayin da muryoyin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Red Army ke kumbura daga sautunan da ba su da ƙarfi zuwa cikakkiyar mawaƙa, kyamarar ta sauko zuwa cikin wani lambun da ke zaune a cikin wani trampoline, ƙwallon kwando, kuma, a tsakiyarsa. , wani dutsen marmara mai ƙafa shida na Lenin. Yanke kaifi ga faifan fim na Red Square na zamanin Brezhnev, kuma ga jajayen tufafinmu, mai ba da labari game da wasan beret Daracha Nic Philibin, yana rakiyar canjin sauti, kamar yadda ƙungiyar Alexandrov ke ba da hanya ga bugun roba na zamani na Belarushiyanci bayan- Punk kaya Molchat Doma. "Yana da sauƙi a manta, yayin da muke waiwaya baya ga ƙarshen ƙarshen karni na ashirin, cewa har yanzu akidu masu gaba da juna sun kasance game da yadda ya kamata a tsara rayuwa."
Jawo! na héireann, wani sabon fim ɗin talabijin na harshen Irish akan rayuwar cikin gida na ƙarni na XNUMX na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Ireland (CPI) daga darakta Kevin Brannigan, a cikin buɗewarta, ya nuna ƙwaƙƙwaran bambance-bambancen da ke bayyana kwarewar 'yan gurguzu na Irish, kudu. da arewa. Matsayin Yaƙin Duniya na Yaƙin Duniya - lokacin da “ƙungiyoyin hagu na juyin juya hali suka fito . . . har ma a nan Ireland" - ya ƙare a cikin fim ɗin hatsi na ƙungiyar Connolly Youth Movement (CYM) na zanga-zangar adawa da Yaƙin Vietnam, tare da sunan ƙungiyar Marxist wanda aka nuna akan banner yana karanta: "Don Zaman Lafiya da Zaman Lafiya."
Yin waiwaya kan waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru daga nesa mai nisa na “Ƙarshen Tarihi,” Jawo! ya tsara batunsa daga koma baya kamar yadda ba zai iya kafewa ba a zamanin prelapsarian kafin tabbataccen rugujewar gurguzu na Soviet. Haɗa kayan ado na Soviet kitschy tare da maki na lantarki na gaba, da kuma hotunan baƙar fata da fari na fuskokin samari masu ma'ana a cikin tarurruka masu cike da tarurruka tare da yau, tambayoyin ma'ana a cikin gidajen tsofaffin cadres, salon fim ɗin, ra'ayin multimedia na kwarewar Kwaminisanci na Irish. conjures a resonant hankali na nostalgia ga rasa madadin zamani.
Kwaminisanci da Ireland
Jawo! An gina shi cikin jin daɗi, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa, jagoran masu kallo tare da - ga mutane da yawa, da alama waɗanda ba a sani ba - waƙoƙin zamantakewa da al'adu na siyasar gurguzu a cikin Ireland na '60s,' 70s, and' 80s. Ana zana kowane nau'in kayan tarihi, gami da ɗimbin hotuna masu ban mamaki na tarurrukan CPI da CYM da aka samo, Brannigan ya gaya mani, daga "zurfafa cikin tarihin RTE [Mai watsa labarai na jama'a na Ireland]" (wataƙila ba a gani tun farkon watsa shirye-shiryen a ƙarshen 1960s) . Ba da labari na lokaci-lokaci yana ba da sako-sako da tsari ga wannan rukunin, yana ba wa masu kallo sabon wannan tarihin hanyar hannu a ko'ina, amma ga mafi yawancin, ana ba da izinin jana'izar fim ɗin su yi magana da kansu - da farko ta hanyar tsawaita, tattaunawa tare da jiga-jigan CPI goma sha ɗaya na wannan zamani.
Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Ireland (kungiyar tarihi ta uku da ke da'awar wannan take) ita ce, fim ɗin ya bayyana, an kafa shi ne a cikin 1970 bayan haɗewar Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Irish da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Arewacin Ireland, a matsayin "Jam'iyyar Ireland duka" - tare da taro a Dublin da Belfast, da sauran rassa a ko'ina cikin tsibirin.
Tarihin ƙungiya na CPI in ba haka ba yana samun ɗan tattaunawa kaɗan, amma mahimmancin ma'anar tarihi a tsakanin waɗannan matasa matasa a bayyane yake. Wani ɗan jam’iyya mai farin gemu Sean Edwards, wanda aka yi hira da shi daga wani falo mai cike da abubuwan tunawa da ’yan jamhuriya, ’yan gurguzu, da kuma Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, ya bayyana: “Mun ƙirƙira mafarkin tsarin gurguzu na Irish daga tarihinmu, da kuma gwagwarmayarmu.” Tare da Lenin, adadi na James Connolly ne adam wata yana da girma a cikin waɗannan hotunan kwaminisanci. Ta hanyar hotuna masu ban sha'awa na hedkwatar CYM a Pembroke Lane, Dublin, mun ga manyan zane-zane da aka zana na Connolly da Lenin, tare da bango da tutocin Sojojin Arewacin Vietnam (NVA) da hoton Ho Chi Minh.
Kyakkyawan al'adar koyarwa a cikin reshen matasa na CPI ya fito fili. Kamar yadda faifan RTE ke zagaya kan ɗakunan litattafai masu layi tare da bugu na Lenin, Engels, Connolly, da Yurocommunism: Labari ko Gaskiya?, Mai hira na yau Mick O'Reilly - wanda aka gani a cikin rikodin yana matashi, yana magana da ɗakin marigayi-'60s aski a kan "Koyarwar Connolly's Marxist" - ya bayyana: "Abu ɗaya game da ƙungiyoyin gurguzu da ƙungiyar Connolly Youth Movement kuma duk wannan karatu ne." Wani jami'in ya yarda, yana tuna cewa inda wasu "sun tafi TCD [Trinity College Dublin] ko UCD [Jami'ar Dublin] . . . mun je CYM don iliminmu."
Dangantakar Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci da Jamhuriyar Ireland ta sami ɗan tattaunawa, ko da yake watakila ba shi da wani babban jigo a nan kamar yadda mutum zai yi tsammani. Haihuwar Philadelphia tsohuwar uwargida Helena Sheehan (marubucin sanannen Marxism da Falsafa na Kimiyya) da Eoin Ó Murchú dukkansu mambobi ne na Official Sinn Fein kafin su sami "sabon gida tare da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci," biyo bayan rarrabuwar kawuna da kuma kisan gillar Billy McMillen da Seamus Costello.
Tunawa da hanyar zuwa siyasar gurguzu ta tsofaffin 'yan rajin da suka fito daga yamma masu kishin kasa da masu biyayya a gabas Belfast sun karfafa da'awar wani da aka yi hira da shi cewa, a cikin Gundumomi Shida, CPI "wani wuri ne marar bangaranci a tsakiyar rikicin addini . . . abu ne mai kima da gaske dangane da Ireland ta Arewa." Bayan wannan, duk da haka, akwai ɗan tattaunawa kan yadda 'yan gurguzu a Arewacin Ireland suka fuskanci matsalar bangaranci a tsakanin manyan ma'aikata, ko kuma zazzafar muhawarar da aka yi a wannan zamani kan tambayar ƙasa da abin da ake kira Theory Nations Biyu. Wannan ya yi daidai da batun gabaɗayan fim ɗin, ba tare da sha'awar ba sosai a cikin ƙayyadaddun manyan siyasa na CPI ba kamar yadda yake a cikin zuzzurfan tunani na abin da ake nufi da zama matashin gurguzu a Ireland ta zamani.
Raphael Samuel, yana tunawa da ƙuruciyarsa a Jam’iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Biritaniya, ya rubuta cewa “[don] zama ɗan gurguzu shine ya kasance yana da cikakken yanayin zamantakewa, wanda ya wuce iyakar aji, jinsi, da kuma ƙasa. . . . [W] mun rayu a cikin ƴar ƴar keɓance duniyar tamu." Wannan ɓangarorin ƙwarewar al'adun gurguzu yana da ƙarfi a ko'ina Jawo!; Wani da aka yi hira da shi, bayan ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci a Sheffield, ya gano cewa lokacin da ya koma Belfast a ƙarshen-'60s cewa "akwai shirye-shiryen abokai a nan cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci, kun sani."
Ta hanyar hotuna na zamani, hotuna, da kwatanci, muna samun hoton tarurruka, tafiye-tafiye, “Bazaar Jam’iyya,” da sauran tarurruka inda ’yan kwaminisanci na Irish suka taru, iyalai a ja. Ga mawaƙin Belfast Sinead Morrissey, ƙaramin wanda aka yi hira da shi, Kwaminisanci “al’amari ne na iyali kuma saboda ita ce ta haɗa iyayena tare.” Tunanin da Morrissey ya yi game da “yarinta na gurguzu” da kuma “hakika an bayyana fassarorin da wannan duniyar ta bayyana . . . inda na ji cewa na kasance da gaske,” ka ba da fa'ida mai tamani ga gaskiyar rayuwar yau da kullun na waɗannan jajayen: “Na tuna da fastoci na Marx, kuma na tuna da kowa yana shan taba . . .”
Bayan Soviet Melancholia
Dangantakar tunanin waɗannan 'yan gurguzu na Irish zuwa Gabashin Turai na wannan zamani sun mamaye kashi na ƙarshe na uku na fim ɗin. CPI gabaɗaya ta kasance kusa da Moscow, tare da yawancin jami'anta, mun koya, galibi suna shiga Gabashin Bloc don taron taron jam'iyya ko hutun dangi. "Koyaushe ana maraba da mu a Moscow."
Jawo! ya ba da hoto mai ban sha'awa game da irin liyafar da 'yan Ireland suka yi na danniya da kawo sauyi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, har zuwa ƙarshen rikicin a 1989-91. Yaƙin Warsaw Pact na Prague Spring a cikin 1968, O'Reilly (wanda a ƙarshe ya bar CPI don Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Irish Marxist Society) ya tuna, "abin kunya ne . . . Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta la'anci a nan Ireland" - amma wanda "ya fara rarrabuwar kawuna wanda ya dade tsawon shekaru," kuma a ra'ayinsa "ya sanya guba."
A kan wannan, da kuma cikin shekarun perestroika, mafi yawan wadanda aka yi hira da su da ke magana a kan wannan batu sun bayyana kansu a matsayin suna ƙara yin suka game da rashin 'yanci da cin hanci da rashawa a Gabashin Gabas, da kuma goyon bayan ayyukan sake fasalin. Ba mu ji da gaske daga masu fafutuka na Tarayyar Soviet da suka yi magana da su a lokacin.
Ba da labari kai tsaye da faifan RTE na zamani na rashin jin daɗi da zanga-zangar kamar yadda waɗannan gwamnatocin suka nuna suna ba da cikakkiyar ganewar asali game da tsarin siyasar Gabashin Turai wanda shugabancin Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci na 1980s har yanzu yana riƙe da ruɗi. Duk da haka, fim ɗin ƙarshe na maganin rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma martanin ƴan wasan mu na zamani, yana da shakku da tasiri.
Shaidar da ke tuno da bege na cewa tsarin Soviet zai iya zama “mafi kyawun tsarin gurguzu, tsarin gurguzu mai kyau na dimokuradiyya,” rugujewar Belfast na “iyalin yara” na Sinead Morrissey, da kuma baƙin ciki a cikin hangen nesa na zamanin na gaba. cin nasarar jari-hujja a duk duniya, duk suna taimakawa wajen sadarwa ga masu sauraro da ma'ana asara.
Ana iya cewa fim ɗin ya mayar da hankali sosai kan tsarin rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet ya zo ne a sakamakon babban haɗin gwiwa da yanayin siyasa da zamantakewar Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci a Ireland ta zamani. Wataƙila wannan yanke shawara na edita yana da wani ɓangare na yanayin shirin, a matsayin fim ɗin da aka yi niyya ga masu sauraron Irish game da Kwaminisanci, maimakon a kafaffen masu sauraro na hagu game da Ireland.
Wannan ya ce, babu tambaya cewa Jawo! yana da babban aiki don ba wa masu sauraron duniya sha'awar wurin siyasar gurguzu a cikin Ireland na Matsala. Wannan shine ainihin misali na yin fina-finai na tarihi, zane da ƙirƙira akan kayan tushe daban-daban na asali da na tarihi don ba da kyawawa na gani, mai gaskiya, da ingantaccen gabatarwa ga duniyar gurguzu ta Irish.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi