"Da abokai irin wannan, wa ke buƙatar abokan gaba?"
Wannan dole ne ya zama abin da masu tsara manufofin Washington suka yi wa kansu bayan shawarar da abokansu a London, Paris, Rome, da Berlin suka yanke na shiga sabon bankin raya kasa Beijing ta gabatar.
Wataƙila fushin a Washington ya tashi a matsayin manyan abokansa biyu a cikin Pacific, Australia da kuma Koriya ta Kudu, kuma ya shiga bandwagon. A hakika, ya zuwa tsakiyar watan Afrilu, kusan kasashe 60 ne suka karbi goron gayyatar da Beijing ta yi musu, na zama mambobin bankin zuba jari na kayayyakin more rayuwa na Asiya, ko AIIB.
Dala biliyan 50 na farkon dalar Amurka 100 China ta yi.
Masu lura da al'amura a Washington na fargabar cewa AIIB za ta yi hamayya da bankin duniya da Amurka ke da rinjaye da kuma bankin raya Asiya a matsayin tushen samar da kudaden raya kasa a yankin. Wataƙila sun yi daidai.
Duk da kokarin da shugaban bankin duniya Jim Yong Kim ya yi na inganta martabar bankin, ra'ayin da aka yi wa cibiyar shi ne cewa tana aiwatar da abubuwan da Washington ta sa a gaba. Hakazalika ana ganin bankin raya Asiya da ke karkashin ikon Japan yana bin tsarin bankin duniya, kamar dai yadda Tokyo ke bin ka'idojin Washington a manufofin kasashen waje.
Sakamakon haka, akwai yaɗuwar sha'awa a duniya don madadin. Kuma Beijing tana farin cikin bayar da ɗaya kawai.
Farashin Zama
Matakin da kasar Sin ta dauka na samar da AIIB shi ne babban shirinta na uku cikin kasa da shekara guda na kafa hanyoyin samar da ababen more rayuwa ga wadanda ake kira "Bretton Woods tagwaye" - Bankin Duniya da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, ko IMF.
A watan Yulin da ya gabata, yayin taron kasashen BRICS (Brazil, Rasha, Indiya, Sin, da Afirka ta Kudu) a birnin Fortaleza na kasar Brazil, birnin Beijing ya kasance tsakiyar kafa kungiyar. Sabon Bankin Raya Kasa, wanda aka shirya zai yi hamayya da bankin duniya na dala biliyan 100. A daidai wannan taro, kasar Sin da takwarorinta na BRICS suma sun kafa tsarin tsare-tsare na bai daya, madadin IMF da zai taimaka wa mambobin BRICS da ma sauran kasashe masu tasowa da ke fama da matsalar rashin biyan kudi.
Ga kawayen gargajiya na Washington, rashin amincewar Amurka ga shirin AIIB ba zai iya yin gasa da illolin zama sabon kamfani ba.
Kamfanonin gine-gine da masu samar da kayayyaki da gwamnatocin da ba na abokan tarayya ke tallata su ba, alal misali, za su sami karancin damar cin nasarar daruruwan biliyoyin daloli na ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa na AIIB. Ga ƙasashe masu fama da rashin ƙarfi kamar Biritaniya, Faransa da Japan, yuwuwar yin watsi da kwangiloli masu daɗi a cikin lokacin tabarbarewar duniya ya yi muni da yawa don yin tunani.
Ma'ajin Australiya Joe Hockey ya bayyana gaskiya game da yadda alakar kasuwancin kasarsa da China ta kulla abota ta gargajiya da Washington: "Amurka ta fahimci cewa wannan banki ne da zai yi aiki a yankinmu." ya ce. “Za a yi amfani da ‘yan kwangila a yankinmu. Muna son ƴan kwangilar Australiya su shiga hannu. Muna son aiki ga Australiya daga wannan bankin. "
Abokan ciniki marasa gamsuwa
Ga masu sharhi da yawa, Washington da kawayenta na Yamma suna da laifi kan yadda kasar Sin ke kara tabbatar da gina sabbin cibiyoyi masu zaman kansu.
A cewar wasu, kin amincewar da majalisar dokokin Amurka ta yi na amincewa da dokar baiwa kasar Sin damar kada kuri'a a asusun lamuni na duniya wato IMF da bankin duniya bayan rikicin kudi na duniya ya janyo rashin amincewa da hukumomin biyu na Beijing.
Amurka da kasashe 15 da suka ci gaba ne ke rike da kashi 52 cikin 48 na ‘yancin kada kuri’a a asusun IMF, wanda ya bar kashi 168 cikin 3.8 ga sauran kasashe XNUMX. Kasar Sin, wacce a yanzu ita ce kasar da ta fi karfin tattalin arziki a duniya, tana da kashi XNUMX ne kawai na karfin kada kuri'a - wannan shi ne mafi karancin kaso fiye da na Burtaniya, Faransa, Jamus, ko Japan. Brazil, Koriya ta Kudu, da Mexico kowannensu yana da karancin ikon kada kuri'a fiye da karamar kasar Belgium.
Duk da zanga-zangar da BRICS da sauran kasashe masu tasowa ke yi, sun sami karin karfin kada kuri'a kashi 6 cikin dari cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Hankali da yanayin sun kasance kusan iri ɗaya ne a Bankin Duniya.
Amurka da Turawa suma sun yi tsayin daka kan abin da aka siffanta su a matsayin 'yan ta'adda' na cika shugabancin bankin duniya tare da wani dan Amurka da kuma babban darakta a IMF tare da Bature.
Tare da kusan kashi 17 cikin XNUMX na kuri'un da aka kada a cibiyoyin biyu, Amurka ta kuma yi amfani da karfin veto kan muhimman shawarwarin manufofi. Don nuna cewa ba ta son a kwaikwayi halayen Amurkawa a bankin duniya, Beijing ta sanar da cewa, duk da gudummawar da ta ke ba wa AIIB kaso mafi girma na babban birnin kasar, za ta yi amfani da wannan damar. ba neman ikon veto ba a kan manufofin yanke shawara.
Kasawar Siyasa
Amma ainihin halin da bankunan Bretton Woods ke da shi ya yi daidai idan ba babban matsayi ba wajen haifar da rashin gamsuwa a duniya da cibiyoyin biyu fiye da batun haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a, ikon veto, ko kuma yancin ɗan adam.
Asusun ba da lamuni na duniya IMF bai taba iya kawar da martabar da take da shi ba na taimakawa wajen haddasa rikicin kudi na Asiya ta hanyar samar da sassaucin ra'ayi na babban asusun ba da lamuni, sannan ta kara tsananta halin da kasashen da abin ya shafa ke ciki ta hanyar sanya tsauraran manufofin tsuke bakin aljihu. Bankin Duniya ya kuma kasa yin kasa a gwiwa tare da IMF wajen aiwatar da manufofi masu raɗaɗi da rashin tasiri a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa sama da 90 a cikin 1980s da 1990s. Da kyar ko ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen ya yi nasarar kawo ci gaba da rage talauci.
A 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, shugabancin IMF ya sanar da cewa yana tafiya zuwa ga rashin sassaucin ra'ayi kuma karin tsarin Keynesian don ci gaban tattalin arziki da bunƙasa. An karyata wannan, duk da haka, ta kasancewar membobin asusun a cikin abin da ake kira "Troika" - tare da Babban Bankin Turai da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai - don turawa. munanan manufofin austerity a Girka, Portugal da Ireland bayan barkewar rikicin hada-hadar kudi a duniya a shekara ta 2008.
Shugabar Hukumar IMF Christine Lagarde shigar kwanan nan cewa asusun bai yi hasashen zurfin barnar da shirin tsuke bakin aljihun ya yiwa tattalin arzikin kasar ta Girka zai iya kara zubar da mutuncin sa ba.
Bankin Duniya, a halin da ake ciki, ya yi ƙoƙari ya sake farfado da kansa a matsayin "bankin yanayi" a karkashin tsohon shugaban kasar Robert Zoellick, sai dai kasashe masu tasowa sun zarge shi da neman daidaita kudade don kokarin daidaita yanayin yanayi. Karkashin Jim Yong Kim, Ba’amurke Ba’amurke da Shugaba Barack Obama ya nada, bankin ya yi kokarin kafa kansa a matsayin mai bayar da ra’ayin rage yawan hayakin iskar gas da kasashen da suka ci gaba suka yi, kuma a matsayinsa na babban jigo wajen dakile cututtuka masu saurin kisa kamar kwayar cutar Ebola. . Koyaya, tattalin arzikin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da muradun tattalin arzikin Amurka na ci gaba da gudanar da aiwatar da mafi yawan manufofinta da ayyukanta.
Tare da cibiyoyi da take kula da su suna da irin wannan munanan bayanan wajen tafiyar da tattalin arzikin duniya da haɓaka ci gaba, yakamata Amurka ta yi tsammanin cewa a wani lokaci, duniya za ta fara neman wasu wurare don neman cibiyoyin da za su iya samarwa. A bayyane yake cewa yanzu Beijing ta shiga cikin halin da ake ciki.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi