Ina so in ba da dariya kafin mu shiga cikin abubuwa masu nauyi game da Iraki, don haka na yi ƙoƙarin fara wannan labarin da tsari mai ban mamaki. Ka sani, a deja-vu-duk-over-sake irin abu. Har na yi tunanin ba ku labarin yadda, a cikin 2011, na tuntuɓi wani fitaccen marubuci don ɓata littafina, Mu Ma'ana Da kyau: Yadda Na Taimakawa Rashin Yakin Zukata da Tunanin Mutanen Iraki, kuma ya ƙi yarda, yana mai cewa, "Don haka za ku zama wanda za ku rubuta littafi na ƙarshe game da gazawa a Iraki?"
Ba zan iya yin komai ba. A matsayina na wanda ya damu da wannan kasa, na ga ya wuce yarda cewa Washington ta sake fadawa cikin fadamar ‘yan Sunna da Shi’a a Iraki. Wani matashin soja da aka tura yanzu a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 1,600 marasa takalma-a-ƙasa akwai yiwuwar yana da shekaru takwas lokacin da aka kai hari na 2003. Wataƙila ya tambayi mahaifinsa game da hakan. Bayan haka, kasa da shekaru uku da suka wuce, lokacin da baba ya dawo gida da kansa "rike da girma"Shugaba Obama tabbas Amurkawa cewa "muna barin Iraki mai cikakken iko, kwanciyar hankali kuma mai dogaro da kanta." To me ya faru da kiftawar ido?
'Ya'yan Iraki
Wani lokaci, lokacin da na kunna TV kwanakin nan, tunanin sake ganin wurare a Iraki na kan rufe ni. Bayan shekaru 22 a matsayin jami'in diflomasiyya a ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, na shafe tsawon watanni 12 a Iraki a 2009-2010 a matsayin wani bangare na mamayar Amurka. Matsayina shi ne jagorantar kungiyoyi biyu a cikin "sake ginawa” al’ummar kasar. A aikace, wannan yana nufin biyan kuɗin makarantun da ba za a taɓa kammala su ba, kafa shagunan irin kek a kan tituna ba tare da ruwa ko wutar lantarki ba, da kuma gudanar da ayyukan farfaganda mara iyaka akan jigogin mako da Washington ta haifar (“ƙananan kasuwanci,” “ƙarfafa mata,” “ƙarfafa mata,” “ gina dimokuradiyya.”)
Har ma mun shirya wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa masu banƙyama, inda aka yi amfani da kuɗin masu biyan haraji na Amurka don tursasa ƙungiyoyin Sunni da ba sa so su fuskanci ‘yan Shi’a masu shakka da fatan ko ta yaya, hargitsin da mamayar Amurka ta haifar a fagen wasa. Da rana, ba shakka, mun kasa daidaita rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Sunni da Shi’a da aka yi a shekara ta 2003 zuwa 2004 da aka yi a shekarun 82-XNUMX. Na yi aiki
A shekara ta 2006, Amurka ta yi sulhu da hawan Firayi Minista Nuri al-Maliki, dan siyasar Shi'a da aka zaba domin hada kan kasar Iraki. Ƙarya mai haske, mai haske na shirin ba da daɗewa ba ta biyo baya. Ana neman makudan kudade, wakilan Washington sun kirkiro da Sahwa, ko 'Ya'yan Iraki, wani sako-sako da rukuni na 'yan Sunna shafaffu a matsayin "masu matsaya" waɗanda suka amince su daina kashe kashe na ɗan lokaci don neman wurin da aka alkawarta a teburin a cikin Sabon (er) Iraki. "Siyasa sararin samaniya" don wannan shine za a ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar haɓakar ƙoƙarin sojojin Amurka, wanda ya sami sunan kasuwa na musamman: karuwa.
An tuhume ni da haduwa da Shugabannin Sahwa a yankina. Aikina a wancan lokacin shi ne in yi ƙoƙarin lallashe su su daɗe a cikin jirgin, ko da sun fahimci cewa an yi su. Gwamnatin Shi'a ta Maliki a Bagadaza, wadda ta riga ta yi watsi da roƙon Amurkawa na kasancewa cikin haɗin kai, ta jahannama wajen tabbatar da cewa ba za a sami 'ya'yan Sunni a cikin Iraki ba.
Hadin gwiwar karya da giciye biyu ba su saba da shugabannin yakin Sunna da na yi da su ba. Sau da yawa, maganarmu - akan ƴan ƙaramin gilashin zaƙi, shayi mai daɗi mara ƙarewa tare da farar ƙoƙon ƙarfe masu zafi - ta juye daga Shi'a da Amurkawa zuwa gwagwarmayar kakanninsu da Burtaniya. Sakamako ya bayyana a kan tsararraki, sun tabbatar mani, kuma abubuwan tunawa sun daɗe a Gabas ta Tsakiya, in ji su.
Lokacin da na tafi a cikin 2010, shekarar kafin sojojin Amurka su tashi daga ƙarshe, da gaskiyaa kasa ya kamata duk wanda ke da hangen nesa ya isa ya shigo da ita. An riga an raba kasar Iraki cikin dabara zuwa 'yan ta'adda masu fada da 'yan Sunni, Shi'a, da Kurdawa. Gwamnatin Baghdad ta zama wani hali na kleptocracy na duniya na uku mai ban sha'awa wanda kudin Amurka ya haifar da shi, amma tare da muguwar mugu: su ma gungun masu mulkin kama karya ne da aka sadaukar don zalunci, tarwatsawa, wulakanci, kuma watakila wata rana suna lalata 'yan tsirarun Sunni na kasar. .
Tasirin Amurka yana raguwa da sauri, yana barin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen, wani ƙaramin rundunar soji, ƴan fashi daban-daban, da ƴan kwangilar da ke ɓoye a bayan bangon ofishin jakadancin na dala biliyan (dala biliyan). most a duniya!) wanda aka gina a cikin a lokaci na Imperial hubris. Ƙarfin ƙasashen waje wanda ya fi tasiri kan abubuwan da suka faru ya kasance a lokacin Iran, kasar da gwamnatin Bush ta taba yanke shawarar kwacewa tare da Saddam Hussein a matsayin wani bangare na Axis of Evil.
Jikokin Iraki
Babban farashin duk wannan - $ 25 biliyan don horar da Sojojin Iraki, $ 60 biliyan don sake ginawa-ba haka ba ne, $ 2 tiriliyan don yakin gabaɗaya, kusan4,500 Amurkawa sun mutu sannan sama da 32,000 suka jikkata, sannan adadin wadanda suka mutu a Iraqi ya zarce 190,000 (ko da yake wasu ƙididdiga sun tafi kamar high as a miliyan) - yanzu ana iya aunawa akan sakamakon. Ƙoƙarin shekaru tara na ƙirƙirar ƙasar abokin ciniki na Amurka a Iraki ya ci tura, abin ban tausayi kuma gaba ɗaya. Tabbacin hakan yana kan shafukan farko na yau.
Bisa ga ƙididdiga mafi ƙanƙanta, mun kashe jini kuma ba mu sami mai ba. Maimakon haka, yakin ta'addanci na Amurka ya haifar da wargajewar Gabas ta Tsakiya bayan.Cold War A cewarsa, tsohon shugaban mulkin kama karya na Iraki Saddam Hussein ya rike tare. Mun saki gidauniyar zogo na kishin Musulunci, bangaranci, tsattsauran ra'ayi, da kishin kasa baki daya. Kungiyoyin ta'addanci na Musulunci sun karu karfi kuma mafi diffuses ta shekara. Wannan mummunan walƙiya a Gabas ta Tsakiya wanda ya bar manufofin harkokin waje na Amurka a cikin irin wannan mummunan haske zai dore a zamanin jikokinmu. Kamata ya yi a sami gaba da yawa. Yanzu, za a yi kaɗan kamar yadda matattu ke taruwa a cikin rugujewar maƙiyin mu. Abin da muka yi nasara kenan.
A karkashin sabon shugaban kasa, wanda aka zaba a shekara ta 2008 a wani bangare na alkawarinsa na kawo karshen shigar sojojin Amurka a Iraki, dabarun Washington sun koma cikin mafi kyawun kafofin watsa labarai na "babu takalma a kasa." Madadin haka, tare da goyan bayan intel mai zafin gaske da aikace-aikacen "fita" na hare-haren jiragen sama da sauran nau'ikan ikon iska, ops na Amurka sun haɗa da abubuwan "matsakaici" a cikin gwamnatocin Islama ko kuma tsakanin 'yan tawayen da ke adawa da su - ya danganta da ko Washington ta kasance. neman goyon bayan gwamnatin ‘yan daba ko mayakan ‘yan daba.
Sakamakon? Rikici a Libya, wanda ya nuna gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu Nagartattun makamai daga manyan makaman tsohon shugaban kasar Muammar Gaddafi a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da wasu muhimman sassa na Afirka, hargitsi a Yemen, rudani a Syria, hargitsi a Somaliya, hargitsi a Kenya, hargitsi a Sudan ta Kudu, kuma, ba shakka, hargitsi a Iraki.
Daga nan kuma sai daular Musulunci (IS) da sabuwar "khalifanci", da yaro an haife shi da gafala daga mamaya da gwamnatin Shi'a mai cin gashin kanta ta fito ta sanya Ahlus-Sunnah a matsayinsu na gaba daya. Kuma ba zato ba tsammani muna komawa Iraki. Menene, a cikin watan Agusta 2014, an fara inganta shi azaman iyakataccen ƙoƙarin jin kai don ceton Yazidi, wata ‘yar karamar kungiyar addini da ba kowa a birnin Washington ko kuma a wani wuri a kasar nan da ya taba jin labarinsa, da sauri ta rikide zuwa cikin sojojin Amurka 1,600 da suka dawo kasa a Iraki da kuma jiragen Amurka a sararin sama daga Kurdistan da ke arewacin kasar. kudu da Baghdad. An yi watsi da Yazidawa, ko an cece su, ko kuma ba a buƙatar su ba. Wanene ya sani kuma wa, a lokacin, ya damu? Bayan haka, sun yi amfani da manufar su da kyau a matsayin casus belli na wannan yakin. Aƙalla ɓacin ransu yana da mugunyar gaskiya, ba kamar harin da aka ɗauka a cikin Kogin Tonkin wanda ya haifar da faɗaɗa yaƙi a Vietnam a cikin 1964 ko kuma Iraqi da babu shi WMDs wanda shine uzuri na mamayewar 2003.
Sabon yakin Iraqi ya kunshi “masu horo” na musamman na ayyuka, hare-hare ta sama kan mayakan IS da ke amfani da makaman Amurka watsi da ta Sojojin Iraqi (yanzu a bayyane yake amsa by Washington), Jirgin saman Amurka ya tashi zuwa sama daga cikin Iraki da kuma wani jirgin ruwa a cikin Tekun Fasha da yiwuwar wasu wurare, da yakin iska a kan iyaka zuwa Siriya.
Yana Daukan Juyawa Mai Yawa Don Zuwa Cikin Da'ira
The gaskiya A kasa a kwanakin nan an san shi da ban tausayi: Iraki ma ta kasu kashi-kashi cikin fadace-fadace; a Bagadaza gwamnatin kleptocracy game da za a reinvigorated ta free- gudana American kudi; da sabon firaministan Shi'a wanda Washington ta ba da jerin abubuwan da za a yi a 2003-2011 iri ɗaya: ɓata 'yan Sunna, haɗa Iraki, da sanya ta cikin sauri. Har yanzu ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka tana nan a boye a bayan bangon ofishin jakadancin na dala biliyan. Za a kashe ƙarin kuɗi don horar da ya rushe Sojojin Iraqi. Iran ya kasance ikon kasashen waje tare da mafi tasiri akan abubuwan da suka faru.
Ya kamata a lura da wani bambamci ɗaya mai ban mamaki, duk da haka: a yakin Iraqi na ƙarshe, Iraniyawa sun dauki nauyin kai hare-haren mayakan Shi'a a kan sojojin mamaya na Amurka (da ni); a yanzu, jami'anta na musamman da masu ba da shawara na yaki suna fada kafada da kafada da wadancan mayakan Shi'a guda daya karkashin murfin ikon iska na Amurka. Kuna son takalma na gaske a ƙasa? Sojojin Iran sun riga sun can. Tabbas misali ne na yadda siyasa ke yin bakon ƴan kwanciya barci, amma kuma na abin da ke faruwa lokacin da kuka tattara "dabarun" a kan gudu.
Da kyar ake zargin Obama a kan dukkan wadannan abubuwa, amma ya yi nasa nasa domin ya kara tabarbarewa - kuma mafi muni za a samu yayin da gwamnatinsa ta sake daukar ikon mallakar fadan Sunni da Shi'a. "Sabon shirin haɗin kai" wanda zai gaza ya bi tsarin wanda ya gaza a 2007: yi amfani da ƙarfin soja na Amurka don ƙirƙirar sararin siyasa don "sasantawa" tsakanin 'yan Sunni da aka kone, sau biyu masu kunya da kuma sulhunta gwamnatin Shi'a da Amurkawa. kudi yayi kokarin nudge shiga yarjejeniyar da ta sabawa muradin Iran. Watakila duk wata sabuwar kungiyar Sunni da aka manna tare, amma a takaice, wakilan Amurka ya kamata a kira su Jikokin Iraki.
Kawai don ƙarawa ga babban abin ban tsoro, manyan mutanen da ke da alhakin aiwatar da shirye-shiryen Washington fitattun fuskoki ne. Brett McGurk, wanda yayi hidima a ciki muhimman mukaman siyasar Iraki a duk gwamnatin Bush da Obama, shi ne sake mutum mai nuni a matsayin mataimakin mataimakin sakataren harkokin wajen kasar Iraki da Iran. An taba kiran McGurk da "Malikiyya mai waswasi” saboda kusancinsa da tsohon firaminista. Ba'amurke na yanzu jakadan, Robert Stephen Beecroft, shi ne mataimakin babban jami'in manufa, na biyu a ofishin jakadancin Baghdad, baya a 2011. Diflomasiyya, wani arya Haɗin kai na (na ban mamaki) ana taruwa. Da kuma pundits neman yaki a cikin zazzabi mai zafi a Washington duk sanannun suna ne, galibin abubuwan da suka rage daga kwanakin daukaka na mamayewar 2003.
Lloyd Austin, da janar kula da sabon yunkurin soja na Amurka, ya kula da koma bayan 2011. Gabaɗaya John Allen, ya fito daga ritayar soja don daidaita sabon yaki a yankin - kwanan nan ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga farar hula ga Sakataren Gwamnati John Kerry - ya kasance mataimakin kwamanda a lardin Anbar na kasar Iraki a lokacin da ake aikin tiyatar. Haka kuma a bangaren Amurka, dan haya 'yan kwangilar tsaro ne baya, ko da a matsayin Shugaba Obama cites, ba tare da wani alamar ban mamaki ba, daɗaɗɗen izinin majalisa na 2002 don mamaye Iraki ya tsayayya a matsayinsa na dan takara Obama a matsayin daya daga cikin dalilansa na shari'a kan yakin bana. Su ma Iraniyawa suna da kwamandan soji daya a kasa a Iraki. Kasim Sulaimani, shugaban dakarun Quds na dakarun kare juyin juya halin Musulunci na Iran. Ƙananan duniya. Suleimani yana kuma taimakawa kungiyar Hizbullah kai tsaye a cikin Syria.
Hatta jirgin dakon jirgin da ke Tekun Fasha ya kaddamar da hare-hare ta sama, USS George HW Bush, daidai yake da sunan shugaban da ya fara zurfafa mu cikin Iraqi kusan karni kwata da suka wuce. Ka yi la'akari da hakan na ɗan lokaci: mun kasance a cikin Iraki har yanzu muna da wani jirgin sama mai suna bayan shugaban da ya kaddamar da kasada.
a Jadawalin watanni 36 don "lalata" ISIS, shugaban ya riga ya mika yakinsa ga shugaban kasa na gaba, kamar yadda George W. Bush ya yi masa. Wannan shugaba na gaba na iya kasancewa Hillary Clinton, wacce ita ce sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka yayin da yakin Iraki na 2.0 ya fado zuwa karshensa. Musamman ma, mijinta ne wanda gwamnatinsa ta kiyaye ainihin yakin Iraki na 1990-1991 da rai ta wuraren da ba a tashi tashi ba da kuma takunkumi. Kira wannan nau'in nau'i na nau'i idan ana maganar fada a Iraki har sai wuta ta daskare.
Idan akwai darasi a taƙaice a nan, ƙila shi ne cewa babu wani rami da ba za a iya tona zurfi ba. Ta yaya zai zama mafi bayyane, bayan fiye da shekaru ashirin na babu komai Na nasara a Iraki, wannan "nasara" na gaske, duk da haka an bayyana shi, ba zai yiwu ba? Hanya guda don cin nasara ba wasa bane. In ba haka ba, kai kawai mai shayarwa ne a yanayin geopolitical kwatankwacin wasan carnival ringtoss game da hannu cike da kwata don siyar da dabba mai arha.
Apocalypse Sannan - Kuma Yanzu
Yaƙe-yaƙe na Amurka a Gabas ta Tsakiya sun kasance a cikin sararin samaniya inda gaskiyar ba ta da wani abu kaɗan, don haka idan kuna tunanin kun ji duk wannan a baya, tsakanin 2003 da 2010, kun yi. Amma ga waɗanda mu ke da ƙayyadaddun shekaru, amsawar ta koma baya sosai. Kwanan nan na shiga tattaunawa akan Talabijin na Dutch inda tsohon dan majalisar Republican Pete Hoekstra ya yi zamewar harshe. Kamar yadda muka yi magana game da ISIS, Hoekstra ya nace cewa Amurka na buƙatar hana su "wuri a Cambodia." Da sauri ya gyara kansa ya ce “Siriya,” amma an yi maganar.
Mun kasance a nan a baya, yayin da gazawar manufofin Amurka da dabarun Vietnam a cikin yaƙin Cambodia da Laos don hana mafaka ga sojojin Arewacin Vietnam. Kamar yadda yake tare da ISIS, an gaya mana cewa ’yan baranda ne waɗanda suka nemi sanya mugunyar falsafa a duk faɗin yanki. Su ma, sanannen suna buƙatar a yi yaƙi da su “a can” don hana su farmaki mu a nan. Ba mu ce "Ƙasar Gida" a lokacin ba, amma kun sami hoton.
Kamar yadda kamanceceniya da Vietnam ke faɗi, haka ne bambanci. Lokacin da gaskiyar gazawar Amurka a Vietnam daga ƙarshe ta bayyana ta yadda babu wanda zai yi ƙarya, yaƙin Amurka ya ƙare kuma sojojin sun dawo gida. Ba su sake komawa ba. A yanzu dai Amurka na fafatawa da yakin Iraki karo na uku, inda ta yi ta haukace tana tsammanin sakamako daban-daban, tare da tabbatar da gazawa kawai. Don fassara wani matashi John Kerry, da kansa ya dawo daga Vietnam, wa zai kasance na ƙarshe da zai mutu don wannan kuskure marar iyaka? Kamar dai za a yi shekaru da yawa kafin mu sani.
Peter Van Buren ya busa usur kan sharar da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka da rashin gudanar da ayyukanta a lokacin sake gina Iraqi a cikin littafinsa na farko, Mu Niant To: Yadda Na Taimakawa Rashin Yakin Zukata da Tunanin Mutanen Iraqi. A Tom Dispatch na yau da kullun, ya rubuta game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu a shafin sa, Muna Nufin Da kyau. Sabon littafinsa shine Fatalwar Tom Joad: Labari na #99 Kashi.
Wannan labarin ya fara bayyana TomDispatch.com, wani gidan yanar gizo na Cibiyar Nation, wanda ke ba da ci gaba mai gudana na hanyoyin daban-daban, labarai, da ra'ayi daga Tom Engelhardt, editan dogon lokaci a cikin wallafe-wallafe, wanda ya kafa Aikin Daular Amurka, Marubucin Ƙarshen Nasara Al'adu, kamar na novel, Kwanakin Karshen Bugawa. Sabon littafinsa shine Hanyar Yakin Amurka: Yadda Yakin Bush Ya Zama Na Obama (Littattafan Haymarket).
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