Ba ta wurin ji kanku ba ne, amma ta wurin kasancewa cikin hayyacin ku ne kuka ci gaba da yin gadon ɗan adam. … [Doublethnic is] riqe ra’ayoyi guda biyu a lokaci guda waxanda suka soke, da saninsu da savani da imani da duka biyun, don qin xa’a yayin da’awarsu. … Yakin [ci gaba] ya ƙunshi mutane kaɗan, galibi kwararrun kwararru. Fadan Š yana faruwa ne a kan iyakokin da ba su da tabbas wanda matsakaicin mutum zai iya hasashe kawai.
- George Orwell, "1984"
[Maganin] jinsin marasa galihu na ’yan asalin Amirka, da muke kashewa da irin wannan rashin tausayi da rashin tausayi, yana daga cikin munanan zunubai na wannan al’umma, wanda na yi imani wata rana Allah zai hukunta shi.
- John Quincy Adams, wanda aka ambata a cikin sabon littafin Noam Chomsky, "Bege da Halaye"
Wata majiya mai ban mamaki Bill Clinton ta ba da kwatancen Noam Chomsky game da hatsarori da “hankalin mulkin mallaka” na manyan Amurkawa ke haifarwa kwanan nan. Yayin da tattalin arzikin Amurka, manufofin kasashen waje da siyasa ke ci gaba da faduwa, a bayyane yake cewa wannan tunani da tsarin da ya kirkiro zai haifar da karuwar adadin wadanda abin ya shafa a shekaru masu zuwa. Clinton da firgita ta ba da shaidar hakan a ranar 10 ga Maris ga Kwamitin Hulda da Kasashen Waje na Majalisar Dattawa:
Tun 1981 Amurka ta bi wata manufa har zuwa shekarar da ta gabata, lokacin da muka fara sake tunani, cewa mu kasashe masu arziki da ke samar da abinci mai yawa ya kamata mu sayar da shi ga kasashe matalauta kuma su rage musu nauyin samar da abincinsu don haka. godiya ga alheri za su iya kai tsaye zuwa cikin zamanin masana'antu. Bai yi aiki ba. Wataƙila ya yi kyau ga wasu manoma na a Arkansas, amma bai yi aiki ba. Kuskure ne. Kuskure ne na kasance jam'iyya. Ba ina nuna wa kowa yatsa ba. Na yi haka. Dole ne in rayu kowace rana tare da sakamakon rashin iyawar da zan iya noman shinkafa a Haiti don ciyar da waɗannan mutane, saboda abin da na yi, ba wani ba.
Za a yaba wa Clinton saboda kasancewarsa shugaban Amurka na farko da ya dauki nauyin talatar da al’ummar kasa baki daya maimakon yin watsi da munanan ayyukansa ko kuma ya zargi gwamnatocin cikin gida da Amurka ta kakaba mata. Amma ikirari nasa kuma yana nufin cewa rungumar da ya yi wa Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, Bankin Duniya, Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya da kuma NAFTA "neo-liberalization" ya lalata rayuwar miliyoyin da yawa fiye da Haiti, yayin da tallafin da Amurka ke ba da tallafi ga kasuwancin Amurka ya lalata gida. tattalin arzikin noma a ko'ina cikin Latin Amurka da bayansa. Wannan ya haifar da yawaitar ƙaura zuwa ƙauyuka da talauci, da kuma ƙara ƙaura zuwa Amurka-wanda hakan ya sa Clinton ta yi yaƙi da iyakarta a 1994- don haka ya hanzarta batun "shige da fice" wanda ke cutar da siyasar Amurka a yau.
Wataƙila Clinton ta ƙara da cewa shi da sauran shugabannin Amurka sun kafa irin waɗannan manufofin ta hanyar karfi, suna kafa masu mulkin kama karya na soja da mugayen 'yan sanda da jami'an tsaro. Chomsky ya ba da rahoto a cikin "Bege da Halaye" cewa a Haiti, 'yan baranda masu zaman kansu da aka ba da izini ta hanyar juyin mulkin da Amurka ta goyi bayan sun kashe mutane 8,000 tare da yi wa mata 35,000 fyade a cikin 2004 da 2005 kadai, yayin da ƙananan ƙananan gida ke samun mafi yawan amfanin daga manufofin Amurka.
Shaidar Clinton ta tunatar da ni ɗaya daga cikin ziyarar da na yi da Chomsky, a baya a cikin 1988, lokacin da, bayan yin magana na sa'a ɗaya ko makamancin haka, ya yi murmushi ya ce dole ne ya tsaya don komawa rubutu game da yaran Haiti.
Na damu da damuwarsa ga ’yan Haiti da aka manta da su kuma saboda bayaninsa ya tuna da abin da ya faru da shi a cikin 1970 yayin da ya shafe mako guda yana binciken yakin Amurka a Laos. Na kwashe da yawa daga cikin 'yan jarida, masu fafutukar zaman lafiya, jami'an diflomasiyya, masana da sauransu zuwa sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga harin bam na Amurka. Chomsky na daya daga cikin biyun da suka yi kuka a fili bayan sun koyi yadda wadannan mutanen kauyukan da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba, sun ga yadda aka kona kakanninsu da suke kauna da rai, yaransu sun sha wuya a hankali, an yanke wa matansu ribbons, a tsawon shekaru biyar na rashin tausayi, rashin tausayi da kuma haramtacciyar harin bam na Amurka wanda shugabannin Amurka za su yi. an zartar da hukuncin kisa idan dokar kasa da kasa da ke kare fararen hula a lokacin yaki ta yi amfani da ayyukansu. A bayyane yake cewa ya kasance fiye da kowa da kowa ya motsa shi ta hanyar zurfafa jin daɗin waɗanda abin ya shafa a duniya, waɗanda ya kira "marasa mutane" a cikin sabon littafinsa. Babu wasu masu tsara manufofin Amurka da na sani a Laos, ko kuma yawancin da na sadu da su tun lokacin, da suka raba irin wannan damuwa.
Shaidar Bill Clinton ta kuma tunatar da ni game da daidaiton rubuce-rubucen Chomsky a kan Haiti-kafin, a lokacin da kuma bayan mulkin Clinton-kamar yadda aka taƙaita a cikin "Bege da Prospects":
Koyarwar Clinton, wacce aka gabatar wa Majalisa, ita ce Amurka tana da damar yin amfani da "amfani da ikon soja na bai daya" don tabbatar da "hangen shiga kasuwanni masu mahimmanci, samar da makamashi da dabarun dabarun." A Haiti, Clinton [ta sanya] tsauraran ka'idoji neoliberal waɗanda aka ba da tabbacin murkushe abin da ya rage na tattalin arzikin, kamar yadda suka yi.
Clinton zata sami karin lamiri a yau da ya saurari Chomsky a lokacin. Yawancin Amurkawa da yawa kuma na iya amfana ta hanyar yin biyayya ga Chomsky a yau, kamar yadda tsautsayin da manyan Amurkawa ke yi game da marasa lafiya a ketare yanzu yana shafar karuwar ƴan uwansu a gida. Babu wani abu da ke nuna hakan kamar yadda bankunan zuba jari ke yaudarar Amurkawa da yawa daga ajiyar rayuwarsu ta hanyar lallashe su zuwa siyan gidajen da ba za su iya ba da aka kulle su a lokacin.
A cikin yin haka, Wall Streeters ya baje kolin abin da Chomsky ya kwatanta a matsayin ƙwararrun masarautun Yammacin Yamma, tun daga 1491 (babinsa na farko yana da taken "Shekarar 514: Globalization for Who?"). Sai kawai a wannan karon maimakon talauta Haiti ko Chilean, Amurkawa ne suka sha wahala ta hanyar "tsarin" na "fuck matalauta" (a cikin kalmomin dan kasuwa na Wall Street Steve Eisman). [Duba <http://www.truthdig.com/arts_culture/item/fred_branfman_on_the_big_short_20100507/> Binciken Branfman na "Babban Short" a cikin Truthdig.]
Yawancin Amurkawa da masu kudi suka lalata rayuwarsu ta hanyar mai da hankali kan riba na ɗan gajeren lokaci a kashe kowa da kowa, kawai alamar abin da ke zuwa ne. Manyan masu kudi sun ci gaba da zama a karkashin kulawar, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da dokar “gyaran kudi” na baya-bayan nan da ba ta ma dawo da dokar Glass-Steagall da ke raba hannun jari da hada-hadar banki ta kasuwanci ba. Mujallar New York ta bayyana yadda jami'an Obama suka toshe ko da rashin isassun sauye-sauye, balle kuma shawarwari masu karfi daga Nouriel Roubini, daya daga cikin manyan masana tattalin arziki da suka hango faduwar tattalin arzikin. Tsohon babban masanin tattalin arziki na Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya Simon Johnson ya gaya mana "tsarin banki namu ya rage - kuma tsarin karfafawa da imani da ke tattare da hadarin rashin tsaro ya zama mafi haɗari," don haka ya kafa mataki don haɗari mafi muni fiye da na 2008. Kuma, yayin da gasa ta Amurka ke ci gaba da raguwa kuma ba za ta iya ba da yaƙe-yaƙe marasa iyaka ba tare da yanke kashe kuɗin jama'a ba, yawancin Amurkawa za su sami kansu suna biyan farashi don tunanin manyan sarakunan Amurka.
Wannan tunanin da Chomsky ya kwatanta ya haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa: (1) mayar da hankali kan mai da hankali guda ɗaya kan haɓaka buƙatun tattalin arziki da soja na ɗan gajeren lokaci; (2) ƙin barin sauran al'ummomi su bi hanyoyinsu idan aka gane suna cin karo da waɗannan bukatu; (3) ci gaba da cin zarafin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa; (4) rashin halin ko in kula ga rayuwar dan Adam, musamman a duniya ta uku; (5) babban cin zarafi ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, musamman ta hanyar karɓe ikon reshen zartarwa na yin yaƙi na bai-daya da wanda ba shi da tushe a kowane lungu na duniya; (6) rashin damuwa ga ra'ayin jama'a na Amurka da na duniya, wanda sau da yawa ya fi ci gaba da mutuntawa fiye da na manyan mutane; (7) wani gagarumin iyawa na "ƙira yarda," da taimakon kafofin watsa labarai da masana, wanda ya makantar da yawancin Amirkawa ga gaskiyar abin da shugabanninsu ke yi da sunayensu.
Don ɗaukar misali ɗaya na yawancin Chomsky yana bayar da: Ra'ayin manyan Amurkawa baki ɗaya sun yi bikin zaɓen Nicaragua na 1990 wanda ya kayar da Sandinistas a matsayin "nasara don wasa mai kyau," don faɗi wani labarin New York Times Op-Ed na Maris 10. Amma Chomsky ya tunatar da mu rahoton Time Magazine ta ranar 12 ga Maris kan abin da wannan “wasa mai kyau” ke nufi:
A Nicaragua, Washington ta yi tuntuɓe a kan manufofin tsayin daka: ruguza tattalin arziƙin kuma ta tuhumi yaƙin wakili mai tsayi da kisa har sai ƴan ƙasar da suka gaji sun hambarar da gwamnatin da ba a so da kansu. Shekaru goma da suka gabata sun yi wa fararen hular kasar zagon kasa, ba jami’anta ba. Talauci da mutanen Nicaragua suka yi wata hanya ce mai ban tsoro da ta ba ƙungiyar 'yan adawa ta ƙasa (U.N.O.) nasara.
Ruguza tattalin arzikin ƙasa ta uku da cin zarafin fararen hula irin waɗannan ɗabi'un ƙwararrun ƴan ƙasar Amurka ne wanda da ƙyar ba a lura da shi ba, balle a yi suka a kafafen yada labarai ko zauren Majalisa. Wataƙila babban misali mafi ban mamaki na tunanin daular Amurka, duk da haka, shine amsar tambaya mai zuwa: Wace shugabannin al'umma tun 1945 suka kashe, suka raunata, suka rasa matsuguni, azabtarwa, kashewa da talauta mafi yawan fararen hula waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasarta ba?
Na yi wannan tambayar ta Amirkawa a kowane fanni na rayuwa tun lokacin da na gano harin bam a Laos a 1969. Wannan lamari ne mai sauƙi, wanda ba ya shafi shari'ar gaskiya da kuskure ba, kuma ina mamakin yadda mafi yawan amsa "Rashawa" yake. "Sinawa," ko kuma ba su da masaniyar cewa shugabanninsu sun kashe fararen hula da ba 'yan kasa ba fiye da sauran shugabannin duniya a hade tun 1945.
Gawarwakin fararen hula 'yan Indochine da na Iraki wadanda shugabannin Amurka ke daukar nauyinsu, idan aka kawo karshensu, za su tashi daga New York zuwa California. Wadannan za su hada da yawan fararen hula a cikin 'yan Vietnam miliyan 3.4 da Robert McNamara ya kiyasta an kashe su a Vietnam (fiye da kashi 90 na wutar lantarki ta Amurka), fararen hular Laotian da Cambodia sun hallaka ta hanyar mafi girma ga kowane mutum da kuma mafi yawan tashin bam na fararen hula a tarihi, 'Yan Iraqi miliyan 1 zuwa miliyan 1.5 da Denis Halliday na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya kiyasta sun mutu daga takunkumin Clinton "wanda aka tsara," in ji Halliday, "don kashe fararen hula, musamman yara," da kuma daruruwan dubban da aka kashe a sakamakon Bush. mamayewa. Adadin yawan fararen hula da aka kashe, da suka ji rauni, sun zama marasa matsuguni da talauci da shugabannin Amurka ko gwamnatocin gida suka yi saboda ikonsu ga bindigogin Amurka da taimakon ba kawai Indochina da Iraki ba amma Mexico, El Salvador, Isra'ila / Palestine, Jamhuriyar Dominican, Panama, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Masar, Iran, Afirka ta Kudu, Chile, Gabashin Timor, Haiti, Argentina, Ecuador, Brazil, Bolivia, Venezuela, Cuba, Jamaica, Philippines da Indonesia-yana cikin dubun dubatar miliyoyin.
Mutum na iya yin muhawara ko matakin sojan Amurka kan 'yan gurguzu na Vietnam, Nicaragua Sandinistas, Saddam Hussein ko Taliban ya kasance ko kuma yana da garanti. Amma ba za a iya samun wata hujja mai yuwuwa don yaƙin da ke haifar da kisa da talauta yawancin fararen hula, waɗanda shugabannin Amurka ke da'awar yin yaƙi a madadinsu, wanda ya saba wa dokokin yaƙi da ƙa'idodin ɗan adam. Haka kuma duk wanda ya yi imani da dimokuradiyya da gaske ba zai iya ba da goyon baya ga barin wasu tsirarun shugabannin Amurka su yi wa fararen hula zagon kasa a kasashen waje ba tare da sanar da su ba, balle neman izinin Majalisa da jama'ar Amurka.
Gaskiya mai ban mamaki cewa shugabannin Amurka za su iya yin irin wannan kisan gilla ba tare da sanin ƴan ƙasarsu ba, ita ce misali ɗaya mafi ban mamaki na wani babban jigo na Chomsky: "yardar da aka kera," wanda (1) ci gaba da ƙima na akidar shugabannin Amurka da sha'awar haɓaka 'yanci, Kafofin watsa labarai sun goyi bayansa (misali lokacin da marubucin jaridar Washington Post David Ignatius ya kira Paul Wolfowitz Bush na "babban shugaban kasa," duk da cewa mamayar da suka yi ta lalata Iraki), (2) babban labarin da kafofin watsa labarai suka yi na kuskuren sabbin abokan adawar Amurka. , da (3) yin watsi da namu, sau da yawa mafi girma, laifuffuka.
Yawancin Amurkawa sun kasance cikakke da kuma dacewa da sanin yadda Taliban ke kashe abokan hamayyarsu, alal misali. Sai dai babu wata tattaunawa a bainar jama'a game da laifi, balle a hukunta wadanda suka aikata laifin, lokacin da Janar Stanley McChrystal ya yarda a fakaice a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2009 cewa sojojin Amurka sun kashe fararen hula marasa adadi na Afganistan tsawon shekaru takwas da suka gabata sakamakon ruwan sama da bindigogi. gobara ta nufi cibiyoyin jama'a. Haka kuma yawancin Amurkawa ba su san cewa McChrystal ya sami lada da mukaminsa na yanzu, kasancewarsa mai kula da yakin Afganistan, saboda gudanar da kisan gilla da azabtarwa na tsawon shekaru biyar a matsayin shugaban rundunar hadin gwiwa ta musamman ta sirri a Iraki.
Chomsky ya damu musamman da rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu gaba daya, musamman yadda Amurka da Isra'ila ke mu'amala da mutanen Gaza. Ya lura cewa ana kai wa Hamas hari akai-akai a cikin jaridun Amurka, amma ba a sami irin wannan kulawar da aka ba wa matakin da Amurka/Isra'ila ta yanke na hukunta mutanen Gaza na yau da kullun tun lokacin da suka zabi Hamas ta hanyar dimokiradiyya a watan Janairun 2006. Ya nakalto Mataki na 33 na Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta Hudu ta 1950, wadda ta ce "ba za a hukunta wani mai kariya ba bisa wani laifi da bai aikata da kansa ba" kuma ya ba da rahoton yadda Isra'ila, da cikakken goyon bayan shugabannin Amurka, ke ci gaba da aiwatar da irin wannan hukunci daidai kan mutanen Gaza. ta hanyar lalata tattalin arzikinsu, da takaita hanyoyin samun abinci da ruwan sha, hana su kiwon lafiya, takaita zirga-zirgar su, da kuma yin garkuwa da mutane, kisa da tada bama-bamai- shirin da ya kira "kakaba wa dabbobi wahala a gidan yarin Gaza."
Wataƙila babban dalilin da ya sa Amurkawa ya kamata su karanta aikin Chomsky a yau, don haka, kawai don fahimtar ainihin duniyar da suke rayuwa a cikinta, wanda shugabanninsu da kafofin watsa labaru na Amurka suka rufe su. Manufar "Newspeak" a cikin littafin "1984" shine don kawar da dukan nau'o'in tunani. A zamaninmu, ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan nau'in shine gaskiyar cewa "shugabannin Amurka akai-akai suna kashe ɗimbin fararen hula marasa laifi na ƙasashen waje ba bisa ka'ida ba." Kawar da wannan nau'in tunani a cikin tsarin fahimtarmu ya sa Shugaba George W. Bush yayi bayanin 9/11 da cewa "sun ƙi 'yancinmu" - ƙarshe mai ma'ana ga wanda ya jahilci tafarkin jinin da magabata suka bari. Kamar yadda Chomsky ya lura, duk da haka, "amnesia na tarihi lamari ne mai haɗari ... saboda yana shimfida tushen laifuffukan da ke gaba" kuma, ya kamata a lura, ƙara haɗarin ta'addanci ga Amurkawa.
Wannan karuwar barazanar ta'addanci, wanda, kamar yadda Chomsky ya ruwaito, yana ambaton gidauniyar New American Foundation, ya karu sau bakwai saboda mamaye Iraki, yanki na biyu ne da Amurkawa ke kara fuskantar barazana daga tunanin shugabanninsu. Kamar yadda masana da yawa suka lura bayan yunkurin harin bam na Times Square, Barack Obama ya karu sosai a hare-haren jiragen sama a Pakistan-da <http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6450KT20100506Sassauta dokokin niyya don haɗawa da "ƙananan mayaka waɗanda ƙila ba za a iya sanin su ba" - ya ƙara haɓaka haɗarin hare-haren ta'addanci a Amurka.
Yayin da tunanin sarakunan sarakuna ya dawo gida, Amurkawa kuma suna ƙara fuskantar barazanar sauyin yanayi ta hanyar tsarin da ke buƙatar manyan mutane su ci gajiyar ɗan gajeren lokaci ga kamfanoninsu, har ma da tsadar lalata biosphere nasu da jikoki za su yi. dogara ga rayuwa kanta.
A cikin tsarin yau, Chomsky ya bayyana, don "zauna cikin wasan," dole ne shugabannin zartarwa su kara yawan ribar da suke samu na gajeren lokaci yayin da suke kula da farashin yin hakan a matsayin "na waje" wanda mai biyan haraji zai biya. Game da sauyin yanayi, duk da haka, "wasu waje sun kasance makomar nau'in." Halin daular da ta yi barazana ga duniya ta uku a baya, a wasu kalmomi, yanzu ya zama barazana ga rayuwar ba kawai Amurka ba amma duk wayewa kamar yadda muka sani.
Chomsky don haka yana jayayya cewa rayuwar ɗan adam yana buƙatar canza tsarin, ba kawai lokaci-lokaci maye gurbin waɗanda ke tafiyar da shi ba. “Fatan sa da fatansa” ya shafi shekarar farko ta Shugaba Obama a ofis da kuma “bege” da yawa da ya yi matukar takaici saboda tsarin da ke bukatar “tunanin biyu” na shugabanninsa. Babu shakka Obama ya kasance mai gaskiya lokacin da ya yi magana game da "amincinmu ga bin doka da tsarin mulki" a West Point a ranar 22 ga Mayu kamar yadda ya kasance watanni shida da suka gabata lokacin da ya amince da asirce.http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/25/world/25military.html> Gen. Shawarar David Petraeus na "faɗaɗɗen ayyukan soja na ɓoye" a duk duniya wanda "ba ya buƙatar amincewar shugaban kasa ko rahotanni na yau da kullum ga Majalisa."
Obama kuma mai yiwuwa yana da ra'ayoyi guda biyu masu cin karo da juna lokacin da, kamar yadda Chomsky ya ruwaito, ya ci gaba da manufofin Bush da ya soki kwanan nan kuma ya yi alkawarin canza: mika ikon zartarwa don ɗaure mutane ba tare da shari'a ba, azabtarwa (ko da yake ta hanyar abokan tarayya maimakon masu azabtarwa na Amurka), kisan kai ba tare da nuna bambanci ba ( musamman ta hanyar haɓakawa a arewacin Pakistan, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Truthdig, <http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/20091009_unintended_consequences_in_nuclear_pakistan/> "Sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba a Pakistan Nuclear"), da kuma goyon bayan manufofin Isra'ila da ke hana samar da kasashe biyu. Chomsky ya kuma lura cewa ba za a iya zaben Obama tun da farko ba, saboda tsananin bukatarsa na samun kudaden yakin neman zabe daga sama fiye da aminci ga masu kada kuri'arsa a kasa, da bai shirya ci gaba da wadannan manufofin masarautar ba.
Bayanin Chomsky game da tunanin tsarin mulkin Amurka kuma ya haskaka wani abu mai ban mamaki: Ta yaya mutane masu nagarta kamar Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton da Barack Obama za su aikata mugunta? Tunanin mu na mugunta yana da sifar da irin waɗannan ƴancin hankali irin su Hitler, Stalin da Mao, waɗanda duk sun ƙi waɗanda abin ya shafa kuma suna son mulki a fili. Har yanzu ba mu fahimci cewa a cikin tsarin Amurka na yau matsalar da muke fuskanta ba ta kasance rashin mutuntaka daga mahaukata da mugunta ba kamar "yan Adam" daga mai hankali da ladabi.
Shugabannin Amurka ba su da wani abu a kan wadanda suke kashewa akai-akai da talauta. Akasin haka, sau da yawa suna nuna tausayi a gare su, kamar lokacin da Jimmy Carter ya goyi bayan 'yancin ɗan adam. Amma su samfurori ne na tsarin da ba ruwansa da makomar mutane, ko a Iran Shah, Somoza's Nicaragua, Suharto's Indonesia ko sauran gwamnatocin kama-karya da dama da suka sami goyon bayan Shugaba Carter.
Chomsky ya musanta zargin da ake yi masa na cewa shi "Ba-Amurke ne," tare da yin la'akari da sukar da ya yi kan laifuffukan shugabannin kasashe da dama, yana mai cewa ya mai da hankali kan shugabannin Amurka saboda a matsayinsa na dan Amurka, gwamnati ce da ya fi iyawa. tasiri; saboda gwamnati ce ta fi kowace illa tun 1945; kuma saboda halin Amurka a yau yana haifar da haɗari sosai ga rayuwar ɗan adam. Yana iya kuma kara da cewa akwai wasu da yawa da ke da sha'awar lissafta laifukan abokan gaban Amurka, amma duk da haka 'yan Amurkawa kadan ne da ke son rubuta laifukan shugabanninsu.
A halin yanzu, hanyoyin da Chomsky ya gabatar ba za a iya tunanin siyasa ba. Yayin da tattalin arzikin Amurka da tsarin mulkin Amurka ke ci gaba da tabarbarewa da kuma shan wahala a gida da waje, duk da haka, wani gagarumin yunkuri na iya tasowa wanda zai iya ceton Amurka da duniya. Idan haka ne, da alama irin wannan motsi zai iya ƙoƙarin magance irin nau'in Chomsky. Ga biyu daga cikin mafi girman lamba:
Jari-hujja ga mutane da yawa: Shugaban Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka ya bayyana a cikin watan Mayu 23 na Washington Post Op-Ed cewa "Amurka na fuskantar sabon yakin al'adu," tsakanin "kasuwanci na kyauta" yana ba da "ladaran da sojojin kasuwa suka ƙaddara" da "ƙididdigar salon Turai". ." "Bege da Prospects" ya yi bayani a ɗan lokaci, duk da haka, dalilin da yasa wannan tsarin ya zama marar hankali. Tsarin ''kasuwanci'' 'yanci' na Amurka koyaushe yana dogara ne akan babban taimakon gwamnati, tun daga gina layin dogo na Sojoji na karni na 19, zuwa rawar da Pentagon ta taka bayan yakin duniya na biyu wajen gina Intanet da Silicon Valley, zuwa "lada" na yau ga Wall Street da mai. Kamfanoni da aka ƙaddara ba da ƙarfin kasuwa ba, amma tasirin siyasar waɗannan kamfanoni. Amurka tana aiwatar da "hanyar jari hujja" tun kafuwar jamhuriyar, kuma za ta ci gaba da yin hakan nan gaba ko da kuwa jam'iyyar da ke kan karagar mulki.
Zaɓin na ainihi, Chomsky ya bayyana, ba kasuwancin kyauta ba ne da ƙididdiga, amma jari-hujja na jihohi don (A) kaɗan ko (B) da yawa. Ƙarshen zai haɗa da wargajewar bankunan, mai da hankali kan samar da ayyukan yi da faɗaɗa hanyoyin aminci a inda ake buƙata, inshorar lafiya mai biyan kuɗi guda ɗaya, ƙarin haraji akan masu hannu da shuni, mafi ƙarancin kashe kuɗin soja, membobin jama'a a kan kwamitocin kamfanoni, mafi girman kula da wuraren aiki na ma'aikata da, sama da duka, sabon haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu don ganin Amurka ta zama jagora a cikin juyin juya halin tattalin arziki mai tsabta.
Yankin da ba shi da Makamin Nukiliya da Magance Kasashe Biyu a Gabas Ta Tsakiya: Chomsky ya ba da shawarar cewa maimakon ci gaba da yin yaƙe-yaƙe na rashin hankali da fuskantar Iran kan makaman nukiliya, muradun Amurka, Isra'ila, Larabawa da Iran zai fi dacewa da Amurka. ta hanyar amfani da karfin soja da karfin tattalin arziki mai girma wajen samar da yankin tsakiyar gabas mara amfani da makamin nukiliya da Iran ta ce a shirye take ta amince da shi, da kuma samar da cikakken zaman lafiya tsakanin Isra'ila da Falasdinu ciki har da alkawarin amincewa da Hamas na Isra'ila da kuma dakatar da kai hare-haren rokoki. Babban fa'ida ga Amurka shine rage barazanar ta'addancin cikin gida. Don kawai cikakkiyar sabuwar manufa wacce ke magance tushen anti-Amurka. ƙiyayya-U.S. yakin da ake yi kan fararen hula da goyon bayan gwamnatocin kananan hukumomi masu cin hanci da rashawa da munanan ayyuka - na iya rage shi.
Shekaru 55,000 da suka wuce, an gaya wa Amurkawa cewa 'yan gurguzu na Arewacin Vietnam sun kasance mugayen mutane har Amurkawa 20 da miliyoyin Vietnamese sun mutu, kuma yawancin Vietnam dole ne a lalata su, don kiyaye shi "'yanci." Amma shekaru 1.2 yanzu, duk da nasarar da 'yan gurguzu suka samu, Vietnam ta kasance abokiyar cinikayyar Amurka ta yau da kullun kuma ba ta da wata barazana ga makwabtanta. Shin Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma za a iya daidaitawa shin shugabannin Amurka za su yi amfani da babban ikonsu don inganta zaman lafiya maimakon yaki? Wataƙila, watakila ba. Amma a fili yake cewa hadarin da ke tattare da kokarin yin hakan bai kai hadarin yaduwar makaman nukiliya a halin yanzu ba, da rudani a Pakistan mai makamin nukiliya, arangamar sojan Isra'ila da Iran da kara goyon bayan ta'addancin Amurka a cikin musulmi biliyan XNUMX mai karfi. duniya.
Wannan shawarwari masu ma'ana na Chomsky ba a tattauna su da gaske ba shine ma'auni na yanayin tunanin sarakunan Amurka a tsakiyar 2010. Chomsky ya ba da shawarar cewa John Quincy Adams tsoron azabar Allah ga Amurka saboda zaluncin da ta yi wa ’yan asalin Amirka ba shi da tushe, kuma "ba a gaban shari'a ta duniya." Yawancin aikinsa, duk da haka, yana nuna akasin haka. Hankalin ƙwararrun masarautan Amurka da a da ke barazana ga jama'a a yau yana barazana ga Amurka da kanta.
Babban tashin hankali a cikin ayyukan Chomsky shine tsakanin imaninsa cewa shiryawa da ƙungiyoyin jama'a suna ba da bege na canji da babbar shaidar da ya gabatar na manyan iko da ke hana irin wannan canji. A gefe guda kuma, ya rubuta cewa "Latin Amurka, a yau, wuri ne na wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa a cikin gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci da adalci mara iyaka" yayin da al'ummarta ke inganta rayuwar 'yan kasarsu ta hanyar fitar da kansu daga tsarin mulkin Neoliberal tare da zaba. shugabannin da ke da alhakin ƙungiyoyin jama'a daga ƙasa maimakon samun kuɗi daga tsiraru masu arziki a sama.
Sai dai a daya bangaren, bayanin da ya yi game da jiga-jigan masu rike da madafun iko a kan manufofin cikin gida da na waje na ba da bege na kusa ga irin sauye-sauyen tsarin da ya yi imanin cewa ana bukatar ceto nau'in. Gaskiya ne cewa bayan yakin Amurka ba ta fuskanci irin koma bayan tattalin arziki da daular da ke jiran ta a yanzu ba, kuma wannan na iya haifar da damar samun canjin tsari. Amma har yanzu ba a ga inda suke ba.
Kwanan nan na zauna tare da Chomsky, mutum ne mai rashin hankali amma mai kirki, mai tawali'u kuma mai ladabi, a cikin kicin dinsa yana tattaunawa game da irin sabbin fitattun fitattun Amurkawa kamar yadda ake zuwa "1984" kamar yaki mai sarrafa kansa, lokacin da ya same ni kwatsam.
Yaya abin yake, na sami kaina ina tunani, don sanin fiye da kowane ɗan adam a duniya game da ƙaryar da gwamnati ke ɗaukar nauyin Amurkawa akai-akai? Yaya kuke ji a cikin ƙasusuwanku, sa'a bayan sa'a, kowace rana, radadin miliyoyin "mutane" da ke fama da yunwa, talauci da kisa da manyan Amurka suka haifar waɗanda a yau kuma suna barazana ga al'ummarsu da dukan bil'adama? Kuma yaya abin yake, duk da cewa ana buga rubuce-rubucen ku, don a yi watsi da darussansu ga al’umma gabaɗaya, yayin da ake ci gaba da kashe-kashen da yaƙin Amurka “a kan iyakokin da ba su da tabbas waɗanda talakawan mutum kawai ke iya hasashen inda yake” ya zama yanzu. dindindin?
"Noam," na ce, "Na fahimci ainihin wanda kuke wakilta a gare ni. Kuna tuna yadda Winston Smith [halayen "1984" ya gane cewa babban alhakinsa ga bil'adama da kansa shi ne kawai don gwadawa kuma ya kasance da hankali. don ko ta yaya ya ba da gaskiya ga takarda, kuma a yi bege a kan bege na hankali cewa wani wuri, wani lokaci, mutane na gaba za su iya fahimta kuma su yi aiki da ita? A gare ni, a wannan lokacin, kai Winston Smith ne."
Ba zan taba mantawa da martaninsa ba.
Ya waigo ya kalle ni.
Ya yi murmushin bacin rai.
Fred Branfman, editan "Voices from the Plain of Jars: Life Under an Air War" (Harper & Row, 1972), ya fallasa yakin basasa na Amurka a Laos yayin da yake zaune a can daga 1967 zuwa 1971 kuma ya ci gaba da bunkasa hasken rana. yunƙurin ilimi da Zamanin Bayanai don Gwamnan California Jerry Brown da masu tsara manufofin ƙasa.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi