Yayin da daliban Scotland ke barin jami'a don hutun bazara, mutane da yawa za su yi mamakin ko har yanzu kwasa-kwasan nasu zai kasance idan sun dawo a cikin kaka. Ma’aikata da dalibai a jami’o’in Biritaniya sun fuskanci kalubale a cikin ‘yan watannin da suka gabata tare da sanarwar rage kasafin kudi. Jami'o'in Ingilishi sun sami yaɗuwar ɗaukar hoto a farkon shekarar lokacin da Gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar rage 5% na tallafin jama'a don manyan makarantu. Anan a Scotland, Majalisar Tallafawa ta Scottish (SFC) sanarwar £ 1.12 biliyan ga jami'o'in kasar 20 a cikin shekarar karatu ta gaba a zahiri ta fassara bayan hauhawar farashin kaya zuwa 0.6% na raguwar kudade.
Gaskiyar cewa wannan ƙananan raguwa ne fiye da na Ingila shine ƙananan ta'aziyya ga waɗanda ke karɓar ƙarshen yankewa. Gwamnatin Scotland ta gaya wa jami'o'i su yi tsammanin rage kashi 3.2% a kowace shekara na akalla shekaru uku masu zuwa daga 2011 zuwa gaba. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da cikakken tasirin koma bayan tattalin arziki da kuma wanda ya lashe babban zaɓe ya bi ta kan alƙawarin da suka yi na 'maganin gibin', wanda aka yi hasashen ya haɗa da yanke kasafin kudin Scotland. The Herald ya bayyana cibiyoyin Scotland a matsayin jajircewa don asarar kusan kashi 20% na kudaden jama'a.
A halin yanzu, shawarar SFC ta musamman tana nufin yanke ainihin lokacin 1.2% a cikin kasafin kudin Jami'ar St Andrews. An nakalto mai magana da yawun Uni a cikin tangarahu a ranar 25 ga Maristh kamar yadda yake cewa "yana kimanta tasirinsa ga koyarwa da bincike". Kwanan nan, a cikin watan Mayu 2nd labarin game da tsammanin jami'a na raguwa mai zurfi bayan babban zaben, The Herald Jami'ar ta nakalto tana kiran yanayin da ake ciki a yanzu "mai kalubale" kuma "a halin yanzu yana tantance cikakken abubuwan da ke tattare da kasafin kudin 2010".
Mai yiyuwa ne gaba daya wadannan ‘cikakkun abubuwan da suka faru’ a cikin ‘yan watanni masu zuwa suna nufin korar ma’aikata, ragewa ko soke kwasa-kwasan da ba a yi la’akari da su ‘masu amfani da kudi’ ba, da kuma barazanar sake fasalin sassan. Na ce wannan abu ne mai yiwuwa gaba daya domin shi ne ainihin abin da ke faruwa a kusan kowace jami'ar Scotland - kafin a sanar da rage kashe kudaden jama'a kan manyan makarantu. Jami'o'i sun riga sun riga sun rage yawan jama'a ta hanyar korar ma'aikata, hana daukar sabbin dalibai da rufe dukkan kwasa-kwasai da shirye-shirye. Kalmomin da ke kan leɓun mataimakan shugabanni shine "tabbatar da inganci". Gaskiyar ita ce an tilasta wa ma'aikata da dalibai su biya bashin tattalin arzikin da su kansu ba su haifar da su ba.
Pre-empting gatari: yanke kai a jami'o'in Scotland
Ɗaya daga cikin jami'a da za a iya cewa mafi wuyar yankewa shine Strathclyde. Tun lokacin da sabon Shugaban Jami'ar Jim McDonald ya isa watanni 18 da suka gabata, Jami'ar ta ga sake fasalin 140 daidai da nadin ma'aikata 3 tare da albashin adadi 6 don gudanar da hadewa da Jordanhill. Jami'ar ta yanke shawarar rufe duka kwas ɗin ta na Jamusanci da BA a cikin Kiɗa da Fasahar Al'umma. A daidai lokacin da aka yanke wannan shawarar Principal McDonald ya sami karin albashin kashi 9% akan albashinsa na fam 240,000 kuma ya kashe fam 680,000 na kudin Jami'a a sabon dakin ofis na shi da manyan jami'an gudanarwa. Strathclyde Uni kuma yana shirin siyar da kashi 40% na harabar sa, gami da ginin ƙungiyar, ga masu haɓaka kadarori.
A cikin wannan birni, Jami'ar Glasgow a halin yanzu tana gudanar da 'tsarin sake fasalin' wanda sabon shugabanta Anton Muscatelli ya sanar. Duk da tabbacin da aka bai wa ƙungiyoyin cewa wannan ba zai zama wani motsa jiki na ‘tsabar kuɗi’ ba, martanin da Jami’ar ta bayar game da gibin kuɗin tallafin ilimin malamai ya kasance ga ma’aikata. Tare da duk sassan da ake nazari, yanzu ana la'akari da rage ayyukan a fadin jami'a. An riga an sanar da yanke ayyukan aiki da rage yawan ɗalibai a cikin Makarantar Ilimi, zaɓin da Glasgow ta SRC ta dage saboda shawarar da Gwamnatin Scotland ta yanke na ba da damar raguwar tallafin SFC don horar da malamai. Shugaban SRC na Glasgow ya lura cewa Jami'ar "na son jira har sai an kammala shirye-shiryen sadarwa tare da ɗalibai" - don tuntuɓar lokacin.
Sashen Binciken Archaeological shima yana fuskantar barazana bayan da jami'an jami'ar suka gabatar da shawarwarin rufe sashin, tare da yin barazana ga wasu ayyuka 24. Jami'ar ta ba da hujjar hakan ne bisa dalilin cewa cibiyar bincike ba ta da aiki saboda ba ta cimma burin samun kudin shiga na sassan ba. Sauran kafofin da ke cikin Uni, duk da haka, sun yi jayayya da irin wannan hari kamar "masu son rai" kuma ba sa wakiltar asara ga Jami'ar tunda duk kuɗin da aka samu ƙarin kuɗi ne. Ana ba da shawarar ƙarin yanke ayyukan a cikin ƙarin Faculty uku: Biomedical and Life Sciences, Medicine Veterinary and Arts. Gabaɗaya, ƙungiyoyin sun yi imanin aƙalla ayyuka 83 suna cikin haɗari a halin yanzu.
Masu aiki a Jami'ar sun soki tsarin da aka tsara na rage lokaci. Farfesa Richard Cogdell na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Halitta ya ba da hujjar raguwar “[ba] a yi la’akari da shi ba. Muna ƙoƙarin shirya kwasa-kwasan shekarar karatu mai zuwa ga ɗaruruwan sababbin ɗalibai, amma ba mu san wanda zai zo nan don koyar da su ba.”
Yayin da gwamnatin Glasgow Uni ta yi jayayya cewa irin wannan tsattsauran ragi ya zama dole saboda "matsi na farashi na gaggawa", ya bayyana cewa Jami'ar tana hasashen rarar fam miliyan 6 na wannan shekarar kudi. Hukumar gudanarwa ta Uni ta bayyana cewa wannan rarar za a sake saka hannun jari a bincike da koyarwa; amma duk da haka ma'aikatan irin su Farfesa Cogdell sun yi jayayya cewa rage yawan ma'aikata zai tilasta wa sauran malaman ilimi su karkata hankalinsu daga bincike zuwa koyarwa, don haka rage darajar bincike na Jami'ar. Don haka sake saka hannun jarin da aka samu a cikin bincike a wasu sassan zai zo ne a daidai lokacin da bincike ya gurgunce a wasu sassan albarkacin shawarar gudanarwa na Jami'ar!
An kuma sanar da yanke hukunci a Jami'ar Dundee. Uni ta yi nuni daban-daban game da "zaɓi masu wuya" game da yanke, gami da yanke ayyukan yi a wuraren "marasa aiki". Tuni, shirin adabin Ingilishi na Uni shine ya rasa darasin adabin sabunta shi. An yanke sa'o'i na budewa da matakan daukar ma'aikata a dakunan karatu na Jami'o'i, kamar yadda aka yi tanadin kwasa-kwasan shiga makarantun rani. Fiye da ko'ina, a matsayin wani ɓangare na manufar tanadin darajar £4.3 miliyan a cikin ciyarwa, rukunin ilimi guda huɗu da sabis na sarrafawa 3 (Library, Estates & Research) za a yi niyya tare da yanke. Duk wannan an fallasa wa manema labarai kafin a sanar da ma’aikata da kungiyoyin kwadago. Wani rahoto ga Kotun Jami'ar ya jaddada cewa manajojin jami'o'in suna ganin raguwar a matsayin wani tushe ga jami'a mai zurfi, mai mayar da hankali: "Wadannan shawarwari za su haifar da gano buƙatar rage farashin ma'aikatan ilimi a cikin gajeren lokaci". Ƙungiyoyi irin su UCU suna jayayya cewa farashin kawar da mutane a cikin gajeren lokaci ba shi da ma'anar tattalin arziki lokacin da mutane da yawa za su buƙaci aiki a cikin dogon lokaci. Bugu da kari, Dundee Uni a zahiri ya sami karuwar kudade na 1.8% daga SFC.
A halin yanzu a Jami'ar Aberdeen, za a yanke wuraren dalibai da kashi 18.4%, a daidai lokacin da aikace-aikacen jami'o'in Scotland ya karu sakamakon koma bayan tattalin arziki da kusan kashi uku. Dangane da ragi, mai magana da yawun Jami'ar ya ce Aberdeen na shirin raguwar kudaden jama'a da kashi 15%. Barazanar rage kasafin kudin sashen na zuwa ne a daidai lokacin da shugaban makarantar Aberdeen mai barin gado Sir Duncan Rice ke samun karin albashin kashi 17%.
Jami'ar Edinburgh ta nuna irin matakan munafunci. An aika da wasiƙun gargadi na dindindin na ma'aikatan Moray House da wasiƙun gargadi, tare da ayyukan ma'aikata 40 cikin haɗari. A lokaci guda kuma, wasu takardu da aka fallasa sun nuna cewa Uni ba za ta yi amfani da ‘kudin canja wuri’ na Gwamnati ba don manufar da aka yi niyya, wato don rama ragin horar da malamai; sakamakon wannan rashin amfani za a ci gaba da rage ma'aikata. Bugu da kari, Uni ya bayyana cewa yana tattaunawa da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Edinburgh kan yiwuwar hadewa. Kwalejin fasaha na iya zama wani ɓangare na Jami'ar nan da 2012, wani yunkuri wanda ba makawa zai haifar da sakewa.
Sauran jami'o'in Scotland - daga Glasgow Caledonian zuwa Abertay, Sarauniya Margaret zuwa Napier, Stirling zuwa St Andrews - sun ba da sanarwar za su rage kashe kudaden jama'a a cikin shirin kasafin kudin su na gaba.
Bukatar kudi ko dama ta neoliberal?
A halin da ake ciki a Ingila, ana fassara irin wannan ragi na kashin kai da kuma raguwar da za a yi a matsayin wani abin da ya dace ga rikicin tattalin arziki da kuma tsarin kuɗi mara dorewa ga jami'o'i. A ranar 10 ga watan Yunith Sabon Ministan Jami'o'in David Willetts ya kira kudin da aka kashe na dubban daruruwan daliban karatun digiri "nauyi ne a kan mai biyan harajin da ya kamata a magance". Mista Willetts ya zargi gwamnatin Sabuwar Ma'aikata ta baya da haɓaka dogaro a tsakanin jami'o'i kan "ƙaramar kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen kuɗi daga Ma'aikatar Kuɗi", wato, "[wani] zato na kasafin kuɗin da ke tasowa koyaushe". Don magance wannan matsala, Willetts ya yi kira ga "m" da "sabon tunani" a cikin manufofin ilimi mafi girma.
Wannan magana ta ‘sabon tunani mai tsattsauran ra’ayi’ ya taimaka wajen rufe gaskiyar cewa alƙawarin yankewa da manufofin da ake ba da shawara a cikin farfaɗonsu na wakiltar ci gaban akidar shekaru da yawa na sake fasalin jami’o’i bisa la’akari da tsarin zamani.
Yayin da Mista Willetts ke jayayya cewa jami'o'i sun dogara ne akan hauhawar kasafin kudi, kashe kudi na Burtaniya akan manyan makarantu da tallafin dalibai a matsayin adadin GDP ya kasa tashi sama da adadin da aka kashe a 1997 lokacin da New Labour ta hau mulki (http://www.ucu.org.uk/csrdocs/csrsection07.pdfku: 5). Tabbas, Burtaniya tana ci gaba da kashe ƙasa akan ilimi mafi girma a matsayin adadin GDP ɗinta fiye da matsakaicin OECD. A cikin 2002 Ƙungiyar Malaman Jami'o'i ta kiyasta cewa jami'o'in Birtaniya sun fuskanci gibin kasafin kuɗi fiye da £ 2 biliyan don 2003/4 (http://www.ucu.org.uk/circ/aut/html/la7120.html). Wannan yana nuni ne da ragi na kashe kuɗin da jihohi ke kashewa kan manyan makarantu tun lokacin gwamnatin Margaret Thatcher. Lokacin da jami'o'i suka tambayi yadda ya kamata su gyara wannan gibin da kuma rashin kudade, gwamnati ta amsa da cewa: kira ga masana'antu masu zaman kansu. Don haka, kamar yadda na rufe wasu wurare, jami'o'i sun ba da ayyukansu ga 'yan kasuwa, wanda hakan ya sa binciken jami'o'in kasuwanci ya yi amfani da su don neman ilimi.
Wadannan ragi ga kasafin kudin manyan makarantu, wanda aka samu ta hanyar zage-zage na 'maganin gibin', suna wakiltar sabon yunƙurin rusa tallan tallace-tallace a cikin makogwaron ma'aikatan jami'a da ɗalibai. Mista Willetts ya yi kira ga jami'o'i da su "tabbatar da sabbin hanyoyin samar da kudade" da kuma yin sabbin abubuwa don "inganta ingancin kwarewar dalibai da inganta koyarwa" duk da cewa jami'o'i suna tilastawa korar ma'aikata da kuma rufe sassan. Wannan ra'ayi na sababbin hanyoyin samar da kudade yana yin la'akari da harshen sabon ma'aikata na kansa game da 'Makomar Ilimi mai zurfi' a 2003, cewa jami'o'i ya kamata su "taba kudaden kansu, masu zaman kansu ba tare da gwamnati ba". A gaskiya jami'o'i an tilasta su tara wasu kudade na shekaru da yawa, wanda ba makawa ya jagoranci su don haɓaka koyarwa da bincike mai fa'ida ta kasuwanci.
A cikin wannan mahallin ya kamata mu fassara zargin Willett cewa "[t] tsarinsa ba ya ƙunshi ƙarfafawa mai karfi ga jami'o'i don mayar da hankali kan koyarwa da ƙwarewar dalibai, sabanin bincike". Kiran Willett na jami'o'i don nemo madadin hanyoyin samar da kudade zai kara kawai gasa don tallafin bincike daga bangaren kasuwanci. A halin da ake ciki, rage kasafin kudin jami’o’i da sallamar ma’aikatan da suka biyo baya zai kara dagula ma sauran ma’aikatan ilimi. Sakamakon sakamako na wannan zai zama ƙarin lalacewar koyarwa da ƙwarewar jami'a. A'tsarin ilimi na kasuwa‘ba shine maganin matsalolin jami’o’i ba; shi ne daidai matsalar.
Anti-yanke hanyoyin sadarwa da faffadan gwagwarmaya
Dangane da wannan matakin da aka dauka na yanke kai, an bullo da sabbin kungiyoyin yaki da cutar a fadin kasar. The Glasgow Uni Anti-Cuts Action Network ta shirya tarurruka da zanga-zanga a cikin 'yan watannin da suka gabata, yayin da reshen Glasgow na Jami'o'i da Kwalejin Kwalejin (UCU) Scotland ta kada kuri'ar amincewa da kuri'a kan ayyukan masana'antu idan hukumomin jami'o'in suka ci gaba da barazanar da suke yi na yanke ayyukansu. Strathclyde ma ya haifar da wani Anti-Cuts Action Network. A ranar 31 ga Marisst sun gudanar da tattakin adawa da yankewa. Gaba da arewa, da Aberdeen Kare Kamfen Ilimi sun mamaye hedikwatar Kwalejin Kings ta Aberdeen Uni na tsawon sa'o'i 48, yayin da malaman da ke wurin kuma suka yi barazanar yajin aiki. Dundee yanzu yana da cibiyar sadarwa ta Anti-Cuts Action Network wacce ta ƙunshi membobin ƙungiyar ɗaliban su kuma, tare da yin aiki tare da reshen Dundee na UCU, suna gudanar da tarurruka da zanga-zangar adawa da shirin Dundee Uni's 'tsara bita', bita wanda yanzu Jami'arsu ta amince da shi. Kotu. A Edinburgh, Ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta Uni ta nuna adawa da yankewa tare da shirya zanga-zangar a watan Janairu a wajen Majalisar Dokokin Scotland.
Bangarorin biyu na waɗannan sabbin ƙungiyoyin rigakafin cutar suna da mahimmanci. Na farko, sun haɗa da ma'aikata da ɗalibai. Wannan yana bayyana a Biritaniya sosai, tare da jami'o'i da yawa suna ganin ɗalibai suna tsaye tare da ma'aikatan da ke yajin aiki waɗanda ke mayar da martani lokacin da jami'o'in su ke hukunta waɗannan ɗaliban saboda zanga-zangar adawa da yankewa. Wannan babban ci gaba ne mai mahimmanci idan ɗalibai za su guje wa lakabi masu son kai don nuna adawa, a ce, haɓakar kuɗin koyarwa. Muna buƙatar fahimta da fayyace gaskiyar cewa ma’aikata da bukatun ɗalibai ana nuna su ne kawai a matsayin rashin jituwa saboda wannan yana rage ikon haɗin gwiwarmu game da sake fasalin tsarin neoliberal. A haƙiƙa ma'aikata da ɗalibai suna da buƙatu ɗaya waɗanda aka fi amfani da su ta hanyar ƙin tallatawa. Irin wannan haɗin kai na juna kuma shine, kamar Alex Callinicos daidai bayanin kula, mai yuwuwar bayar da shawarar ingantaccen tsarin ilimi mai zurfi da dimokuradiyya.
Na biyu, wadannan kungiyoyi duk sun yi ta kiraye-kirayen a kara samun hadin kai a kasa, tsakanin kungiyoyin da ke yaki da cutar da kuma sauran yakin neman zabe. A yanzu akwai duka Cibiyar Mai fafutukar Ilimi ta Burtaniya da Yakin Kasa kan Kudade da Ragewa, na karshen ya samo asali ne daga babban taron da ya faru a watan Fabrairu. Kwanan nan, ma'aikata da ɗalibai sun sami damar raba labarun da nasarori a taron gaggawa na Yakin neman Aiki wanda aka gudanar bayan kammala babban zaben kasar. Shiga cikin kamfen irin wannan yana da mahimmanci. Kamar yadda damuwar ma’aikatan ilimi da dalibai ke da alaka da su, haka ma damuwar wadanda ke jami’o’i da sauran ma’aikatun gwamnati ke fuskantar kalubale iri daya na korar jami’o’i da kulle-kulle a sakamakon yankewar. Ma'aikata da ɗalibai sun riga sun nuna goyon bayansu a kan layi da a waje don yajin aikin ma'aikatan gidan BA, waɗanda yaƙin neman ingantaccen albashi da yanayin aiki ke ci gaba. Ƙungiyoyin hana yankewa, tare da sauran ma'aikata, bukatar samar da labari mai ma'ana a kan rage sassan jama'a: wannan raguwa a ayyukan jama'a daidai da karuwar rashin aikin yi, wanda yayi daidai da rage bukatar tattalin arziki, wanda yayi daidai da zurfafa koma bayan tattalin arziki.
Haka nan muna bukatar mu jawo alakar tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da sauran batutuwan da suka shafi bangaren Hagu. Misali, koma bayan tattalin arziki ya kasance alheri ga Sojojin Burtaniya, wadanda suka ga karuwar shiga shiga yayin da damar yin aiki a wasu wurare ke raguwa. Su kansu hafsoshin sojan kasar sun yarda cewa wannan karuwar daukar ma'aikata sakamakon rikicin tattalin arziki ne kai tsaye - wadannan sabbin wadanda aka dauka na aikin soja ne. Yayin da sabuwar gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ke ganin yakin da ake yi a Afganistan wani kashe kudi ne mai matukar muhimmanci ga ‘bangaren kasa’ da za a yi nazari a kai, matakin da ya dace kan wannan ci gaban shi ne danganta ci gaba da yakin daular mulkin mallaka da kuma ci gaba da yakin tattalin arziki da ma’aikata. Ya kamata masu fafutukar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa tare su yi kira ga yaki da shiga aikin tattalin arziki a maye gurbinsu da diyya a kasashen waje & saka hannun jari a cikin gida.
Lallai ɗalibai suna da abubuwa da yawa da za su yi la'akari da su a lokacin bazara. Amma a maimakon yin murabus da kanmu ga babu makawa na yankewa, ya kamata mu yi amfani da wannan lokacin don inganta ci gaban da masu fafutuka na Burtaniya suka samu a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, musamman dangane da ayyukan da dalibai suka yi a shekarar da ta gabata don nuna adawa da harin da Isra'ila ke kai wa Gaza da kuma alakar jami'o'inmu da mamayar Isra'ila. Ainihin tunani mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ba ya kwanta tare da gwamnatin da ke neman ci gaba da ci gaban neoliberalism. Yana tare da mu.
* KARANTA *
Abin baƙin ciki, kamar yadda aka annabta, an fara yankewa a St Andrews. Ba wai kawai yana da Jami'ar ba Tsare-tsare na baya don gyara ɗakin karatu, masu koyar da harsunan zamani yanzu fuskantar jan aiki. Wata babbar majiya ta ce gargadin da aka yi na sakewa "sun fita daga cikin duhu. Wannan abin mamaki ne ga dukkan sassan." Jami'ar ta bayyana matakin a matsayin wani bangare na "sake fasalin" sashen harsunanta.
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