Paul Street
Daga cikin
ɓangarorin da ba a yarda da su ba na abubuwan da ke biyo baya
na Satumba
11, muna iya haɗawa da tsananin rashin jin daɗi na ciki
a cikin hagu na Amurka. Wannan sabon rashin jin daɗi ya kasance daidai
al'amari mai gefe daya, tare da mafi yawan zafi yana fitowa daga tsakiya
masu sassaucin ra'ayi-hagu, hade da mujallu kamar Diss da kuma American
Bincike da marubuta kamar Michael Walzer, Jeffrey Issac, da
Christopher Hitchens. An nusar da shi zuwa ga mafi m hagu.
hade da farko da Mujallar Z, ZNet, kuma, har zuwa yanzu
kamar yadda masu sassaucin ra'ayi-hagu ke son sanya suna, Noam Chomsky.
The
zarge-zargen masu sassaucin ra'ayi, yawancinsu an maimaita su kuma an sabunta su
a cikin fitowar bazara na kwanan nan Rashin yarda, sun hada da
da wadannan:
- Hagu ya yi
"bangantattun dalilai" da "uzuri"
don ta'addanci saboda sun yi magana kuma sun rubuta game da muhimmiyar rawa
cewa manufofin harkokin waje na Amurka da talaucin Gabas ta Tsakiya masu alaka
ya taka rawa wajen samar da mahallin ga tashin muni da
cibiyoyin ta'addanci masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a tsakiyar gabas kuma saboda sun lura
cewa Amurka da abokan cinikinta ne ke da alhakin babban ta'addanci
a duk faɗin duniya a yau da kuma shekaru 50 na ƙarshe ko fiye. - Masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun yi uzuri
ta'addanci a matsayin makamin daya bar wa raunana da marasa karfi, mantuwa
wannan ta'addancin shine nunin hukumar 'yan Adam da ba ta da tarbiyya
na mutanen da suka kasa kulla alaka mai karfi ta siyasa
tare da talakawan da suke ikirarin wakiltar. - Radicals a hankali
ya ga 9-11 a matsayin wani nau'in martani mai kyau na anti-imperialist
munanan abubuwan da ke da alaƙa na rashin daidaituwar jari-hujja na duniya, kamfanoni
duniya, da mulkin Amurka. Michael Walzer ma ya zarge shi
hagu na murna a cikin hare-haren da tunanin cewa wadanda abin ya shafa
na 9-11 da na ta'addanci gabaɗaya sun cancanci makomarsu saboda sun
su ne masu cin gajiyar daular.
The
cajin mai sassaucin ra'ayi na hagu na uzuri ya bayyana a farkon post 9-11
edita a A Wannan Zamanin. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa wasu da ba a bayyana sunansu ba
"masu sharhi, mafi yawa a hagu" sun "yi uzuri da
hare-hare marasa uzuri a Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya da Pentagon ta
Masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Islama" tare da "'yan uwa" suna da'awar cewa
Amurka da abokan cinikinta sun yi daidai da sau da yawa kuma sun wuce laifuffuka
na 9-11 a cikin tarihin kwanan nan.
wannan
Michael Walzer, editan Social-Democratic, ya yi tsokaci game da tuhumar
mujallar Diss. A cikin wata kasida mai taken “Ta’addanci Mai Uzuri:
Siyasar Ideological Apology" a cikin jarida mai sassaucin ra'ayi
American Prospect (Oktoba 22, 2001), Walzer ya zargi
"sassan hagu na Turai da Amurka" na gaskatawa
hare-haren Satumba tare da "rationalizations" da aka samo asali a ciki
"al'adun siyasa na uzuri." A cewar Walzer,
na hagu ya ba da uzuri a matsayin makamin daya bar wa raunana kuma
rashin iko, mantawa da cewa ta'addanci shine mugun zabin mutanen da
sun kasa kulla alaka mai karfi ta siyasa da talakawa
suna da'awar wakilci. Walzer ya amince da hakan ta kasa
Babban marubuci mai sassaucin ra'ayi Christopher Hitchens wanda ya bar masu suka
(abin da Hitchens ya kira "taron Chomsky-Zinn-Finkelstein")
cikin butulci ya ga 9-11 a matsayin wani nau'in martani mai kyau na anti-imperialist
zuwa mugayen da ke da alaƙa na rashin daidaituwar jari-hujja na duniya, kamfanoni
duniya, da mulkin Amurka. Har ma ya zargi hagu da tunani
cewa wadanda abin ya shafa 9-11 da na ta'addanci gaba daya sun cancanci makomarsu
domin su ne masu cin gajiyar daular.
The
Harin masu sassaucin ra'ayi a hagu ya samu musamman na sirri a cikin watan Oktoba
American Prospect Maqalar da Farfesan Jami’ar Indiana ya rubuta
kuma akai-akai Diss mai ba da gudummawa, Jeffrey Issac, mai ɗaukar nauyi
taken pithy "Haka ya faɗi Noam." Issac mai suna Chomsky
a matsayin mai ba da uzuri kan ta'asar da aka yi a watan Satumba bisa tushe
na gardamar magana da Chomsky in Sabuwar Soja
Humanism (2000). Don zama daidai da ɗabi'a, Chomsky yayi gardama a ciki
wancan littafin, wadanda suka goyi bayan harin bam na Belgrade a matsayin hukunci
don ayyukan Serbia a Kosovo yakamata su ba da shawarar tashin bom
na Jakarta (Indonesia), Washington, DC, da London don hukunta Indonesia
mamayewar kisan kiyashin da Amurka da Burtaniya suka yi, hadewa, da kuma kwanan nan
ta'addancin Gabashin Timor. Wannan hujja, in ji Issac, ta ƙarfafa
adawa da ta'addancin Amurka, saboda bai sanya "babu wata manufa da ta dace
bambance-bambance" da nuna "daidaitan ɗabi'a" tsakanin
dabi'un 'yan ta'addar kasar Indonesiya da kuma kyakkyawar niyya
da ayyukan jin kai da jahohin dimokuradiyya kamar Amurka
da Ingila. Isaac ya kara da cewa Chomsky yana karfafa ta'addanci
ta hanyar ba da wani zaɓi mai mahimmanci ga mulkin mallaka na Amurka kuma babu ma'ana
“ yare” na duniya ban da waccan tsakanin mugayen Amurkawa
daula da kuma kyamar mulkin mallaka/ta'addancin Amurkawa.
ya bayyana a cikin kwanan nan Rashin yarda, harin na hagu-na sassaucin ra'ayi
ya ci gaba. A cikin kasidun Walzer da Issac, wannan fitowar ta skewers
Ba'amurke ya tashi saboda adawa da harin bam a Afghanistan. Hagu
ya bayyana, da'awar Walzer da Issac, rashin nuna adawa ga matakin farko
ka'idojin kare kai da rungumar 'yan ta'adda cikin rashin tunani
dodanni don kawai sun ƙi Amurka. Walzer yana zargin hagu
na "kasa yin rijistar firgicin harin [Satumba 11]"
har ma da "da kyar aka ɓoye farin ciki cewa mulkin daular
a karshe ya sami abin da ya cancanta."
Ma
Walzer da Issac, gazawar ’yan hagu don fahimtar larura
na martanin da Masarautar Amurka ta yi a ranar 11 ga Satumba a sakamakon haka
na ruɗewar yanar gizo na cututtukan hagu. Wadannan pathological alamu
sun hada da:
- A dadewa
"rag-tag Marxist" imani da cewa "duk wata kungiya da ta kai hari
ikon daular dole ne ya zama wakilin wadanda aka zalunta kuma
ajandarsa dole ne ya zama ajanda na hagu” - "Laifi,"
"kyakkyawan bacin rai," da "kiyayyar kai"
samar da rayuwa a duniya kawai mai iko da “jin dadi
gatansa” da kuma “dogayen shekarun da aka kashe a [zato]
adawa mara amfani ga karfin ikon Amurka na duniya” - Girgiza kai
Haɗin "ɗabi'a-purist" zuwa "zargin Amurka da farko"
da kuma ma'anar da ke da alaƙa da cewa "duk abin da ke da kyau a cikin
duniya ta lalace saboda mu" - Ma'anar "na
rashin samun damar sukar kowa” a wajen masu gata
Amurka da dakatarwar da ke da alaƙa da kowane hukunci game da
hali da dabi'un wadanda ba Amurkawa ba - A butulci
haɗe da zaman lafiya wato, a haƙiƙance, ɓarna na ɗabi'a
sadaukarwa ga rashin ƙarfi da "yin kome" a cikin
fuskantar mugun nufi, barin Amurkawa ba su da kariya a fuska
na hare-haren nan gaba
waltz
yana kyama da ƙin "ƙiyayya" masu tsattsauran ra'ayi
don yin rajista tare da bayanin hukuma da amsa ga 9-11
abin mamaki, a cikin wata tambaya da ta ba da taken rubutunsa.
"Za a iya samun Hagu mai kyau?"
Karnukan Bambaro da Red-Herrings
The
Laifukan masu sassaucin ra'ayi da ke kan hagu suna da tsanani, suna tafiya
zuwa zuciyar mutuncin mutuncin hagu. Abin farin ciki, shi
yana da sauƙi a nuna cewa harin da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na hagu yana ba da cikakken bayani
ainihin abin da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suka faɗa kuma suka rubuta game da dalilai da ma'ana
na 9-11. Kamar yadda za a gani, nisa tsakanin masu sassaucin ra'ayi-hagu
bayanin martanin hagu da gaskiyar abin da hagu a zahiri
ya fada kuma ya rubuta yana da ban mamaki-a
chasm da gaske. An bar mutum don mamaki ko marubuta kamar Walzer
yana da ladabi don a zahiri karanta na hagu yana samuwa
sharhi kafin a kai masa hari.
The
hagu ya ci gaba da yin tir da hare-haren a matsayin abin da Chomsky a watan Oktoba
18 a MIT da ake kira "mummunan zalunci, mai yiwuwa mafi
mummuna adadin ɗan adam nan take na kowane laifi a tarihi, a waje
na yaki.”
“Amurka
Laifuka" ya rubuta Stephen Shalom da Mike Albert a cikin Oktoba, "a
babu wata hujja ko uzuri da harin na Satumba 11. Ta'addanci ne
martanin da ba za a amince da shi ba ga laifukan Amurka." Ga ra'ayina
a wani taron Satumba 18 a Jami'ar Arewacin Illinois: "The
Hare-haren ta'addanci na ranar 11 ga Satumba a cibiyar kasuwanci ta duniya sun yi muni matuka
da mugun abu. Babu wani tabbataccen hujja ga
halakar rayukan marasa laifi, galibin talakawan ma'aikata.
ciki har da sakatarorin, ma'aikatan kashe gobara, ma'aikatan gidan abinci, ma'aikatan abinci,
da ma'aikatan kula da yara. Duk wanda ya ba da umarni, ya ba da kuɗi, kuma ya ba da umarni
harin ma'anar dodo ne mai sanyin jini. Dole ne su kasance
an same su kuma a yi musu hisabi kan manyan laifukan da suka aikata.”
Of
Tabbas, waɗannan maganganun da ba su da tabbas ba su isa ba
mai sassaucin ra'ayi-hagu. Da alama hagu ya ba da uzuri har ma ya amince
na 9-11 saboda yana da karfin gwiwar tambayar Bush na hukuma
An yi wa Amurka hari saboda sadaukarwar da ta yi na musamman
zuwa ga 'yanci da dimokuradiyya kuma saboda ya tattauna wasu abubuwa
wanda ya taimaka “ƙirƙirar yanayin [Gabas ta Tsakiya] mai kyau
zuwa daukar mutane don aikata munanan ayyuka a kan Amurka
Wadancan abubuwan sun haɗa da yaɗuwar ji da fahimta
tsakanin Larabawa cewa "Amurka na hana 'yanci da dimokuradiyya
da kuma yalwar kayan abu ga wasu”; Amurka na goyon bayan Isra'ila
zaluncin Palasdinawa; Tallafin Amurka ga gwamnatocin kama-karya
wanda ke ba wa kamfanonin Amurka riba mai yawa da adawa mai ƙarfi
zuwa ƙungiyoyin da ke adawa da waɗannan ribar; da Amurka talla na a
tsarin tattalin arzikin duniya wanda ke haifar da talauci mai yawa a Tsakiyar Tsakiya
Gabas da sauran wurare.
Har ila yau,
abin zargi ga masu sassaucin ra'ayi-hagu shine nacewar hagu
akan ganin 9-11 a kwatanta da mahallin tarihi dangane da
Ayyukan ta'addanci na Amurka da na jihohin abokan cinikinta da kuma ga
Gabaɗaya tsarin zalunci a cikin tarihin ɗan adam. Chomsky ya me?
masu sassaucin ra'ayi-hagu suna la'akari da rashin uzuri don lura da hakan
9-11 mummunan sakamakon ɗan adam an daidaita kuma ya tafi
bayan ayyukan ta'addanci da yawa da Amurka da nata suka yi
abokan ciniki, gami da harin bam na gwamnatin Clinton
na Sudan.
The
sukar hagu mai sassaucin ra'ayi na "relativism" na hagu ya dogara ne akan
wani ibecilic conflation na bayani tare da rationalization da
fahimta tare da amincewa. Hakanan ya dogara akan gazawar haɗin gwiwa
don ganin wajibcin aiki da ɗabi'a lokaci-lokaci don bayani
wanda ya wuce kalaman batanci na siyasa, soja,
da kafa kafafen yada labarai. Shin masanin tarihi ya rungumi Adolph Hitler?
laifuka lokacin da ya rubuta game da yanayin tarihi
wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar Nazism? Bai wuce ƙwararren masanin ilimin zamantakewa ba
tabbatar da kisan kai ta hanyar nazarin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da/ko wasu
yanayin da ke haifar da ƙara lamba da mita
kisan kai.
In
Shahararriyar makala ta 1961 akan dalilin tarihi, babban masanin tarihin Burtaniya
Edward Hallett Carr ya lura cewa Cibiyar da Shugaban Criminology
kwanan nan an kafa shi a Jami'ar Cambridge. "Zai yi
ba, na tabbata, yana faruwa ga kowane ɗayan waɗanda ke binciken musabbabin
na laifi don bayar da shawarar cewa wannan ya aikata su ga ƙaryatãwa game da
alhakin ɗabi'a na mai laifi." A cikin nasa Menene Tarihi?
(1961), Carr ya rubuta tare da ɓacin hankali na hankali da ɗabi'a
ga wadanda suka yi gardama, “bayyana halin dan Adam a cikin sanadi
sharuɗɗan suna nuna musun yancin ɗan adam” da “ƙarfafawa
malaman tarihi su kauce wa wajibcin da ake zaton su na furta halin kirki
hukunci akan Charlemagnes, Stalins, da Napoleons na tarihi."
Ya lura cewa mutane kaɗan a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun suna riƙe da abin ba'a
ra'ayoyin cewa ayyukan ɗan adam ana gudanar da su ta hanyar yancin zaɓi kawai, ba tare da
dangane da yanayi na waje da na tarihi. Ba tare da ilimi ba
na waɗannan yanayi, Carr ya sani, ba za a iya samun fahimi mai hankali ba
na laifuffukan tarihi don samar da matakan da ya dace don hana
maimaita mugayen abubuwan da suka faru a baya.
m
tare da nazarin fahimtar hankali na Carr, bayan-9-11 ya yi magana
kuma ya rubuta game da mahallin tarihi da zamantakewa wanda zai yiwu
An haifar da al Quaida da munanan ayyukansa don kada su uzuri
ayyuka amma don fahimtar su da hana sake faruwarsu.
A lokaci guda kuma, sun lura da laifukan Amurka, a da da na yanzu.
da na sauran gwamnatoci, ba don uzuri na 9-11 ba, amma a maimakon haka
domin wadancan laifuffukan suna daga cikin abubuwan da suka shafi ta'addanci
na Satumba. Sun kuma nemi tunatar da 'yan kasar cewa Ba'amurke
masu yin siyasa ba su da tushe na ɗabi'a don da'awar nagarta ta musamman da a
haƙƙin da ke da alaƙa da ƙaddamar da martanin soja wanda tabbas
faɗaɗa da'irar wahalar ɗan adam, tare da kashe 'yan Afghanistan da yawa waɗanda ba su ji ba ba su gani ba
(kamar yadda a zahiri ya faru), kuma mai yiyuwa ne ta haifar da sabbin hare-hare kan Amurkawa.
Sun yi fatan kuma su gaya wa 'yan uwansu Amurka dalilin da ya sa yawancin sauran
na duniya, ba tare da nuna tausayi ga waɗanda abin ya shafa ba, duk da haka
ya ga 9-11 daga hangen nesa daban-wani abu da za mu iya
so mu gane idan muna so mu mayar da martani a hanyar da ta taimaka
zuwa waraka maimakon ƙarin tashin hankali.
Rigakafin,
ba rationalization ba, ya kasance kuma ya kasance dalilin rubutun
na "masu sharhin hagu." Kamar yadda Chomsky ya sanya shi a cikin gaggawa
bayan hare-haren, "muna da zabi" yadda
don mayar da martani:…zamu iya bayyana firgita da ta dace; za mu iya nema
fahimci abin da zai iya haifar da laifuka, wanda ke nufin yin wani
yunƙurin shiga cikin zukatan masu yuwuwar masu aikata laifin…zamu iya
yi ƙoƙarin fahimta, ko ƙin yin haka, yana ba da gudummawa ga yuwuwar
mafi muni yana nan gaba.”
Gwagwarmaya Nagari Na Talakawa?
tun
Chomsky shine babban gindin harin 9-11 a hannun hagu,
ya kamata masu sassaucin ra'ayi-hagu suyi bitar abubuwan da ke gaba da wuri (Oktoba 2)
musayar tsakanin Chomsky da mai tambaya wanda ya yi magana ta hanyar
dakin hira na MSNBC. Wannan musayar ya nuna a fili cewa Chomsky yana da
babu butulci, soyayya, ko "Marxist" - "rag tag"
ko in ba haka ba — ra'ayoyi game da ƙwararrun proletarian da/ko anti-imperialist
Halin masu yuwuwar masu aikata laifin 9-11, Taliban, ko wasu
kungiyoyin musulmi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi:
BERLET:
Na yarda da ku cewa m militarism ba shine amsar
Wannan rikici, amma ga alama hanyoyin sadarwar Taliban da Osama bin Laden
su zama ƙungiyoyin fasikanci na limaman arzuki. Ba haka ba
wannan lokacin hagu yana buƙatar kawai ya ce yana adawa da ta'addanci,
da kuma cewa kungiyoyi irin su Taliban da kuma cibiyoyin sadarwa na Bin-Laden ba
'yanci ya yi tagumi amma motsin ra'ayi ko fasikanci wanda
muna adawa?
CHOMSKY:
Ni dai a iya sanina abin da bangaren hagu ke fadi kenan
tsawon shekaru 20. Na san ina da tun lokacin da aka tsara waɗannan ƙungiyoyi
ta CIA, Pakistan, da leken asirin Masar da sauran Amurka
abokan tarayya. An tsara su, an ɗauke su aiki, an horar da su, da makamai don yaƙi
yaki mai tsarki da Rashawa, wanda suka yi. Amma kuma sun fara
nan take ta aiwatar da ayyukan ta'addanci. Shekaru ashirin da suka gabata sun kashe su
Shugaban Masar kuma sun yi ta ta'addanci
tun daga lokacin. Kungiyoyin da CIA ta shirya an samo su ne daga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi
kungiyoyin Islama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma sun kasance suna aiwatar da manufofinsu.
Sun yi abin da CIA ta so su yi, amma kuma suna bi
nasu ajanda. Babu shakka tun farko sun kasance
kungiyoyin ta'addanci masu kisa. Ban sani ba ko kalmar
Fasist yayi daidai, ba su da irin wannan akida.
Amma suna da haɗari sosai kuma sun kasance shekaru 20.
A bayyane yake. Wannan shine matsayin, gwargwadon yadda nake
sani, na kowane mutum mai tsanani a hagu har zuwa baya kamar yadda zan iya tunawa.
Nan,
ci gaba, yana samuwa a shirye Chomsky, amsa da aka buga,
an ba shi a cikin kwanaki goma na harin, ga wani dan jaridar gidan rediyo wanda
yana mamakin ko bin-Laden da al Quaida haushi ne ya motsa su
zuwa ga tsarin jari-hujja da Amurka ke daukar nauyin duniya da kuma Amurkawa masu alaka
Hegemony (Noam Chomsky, 9-11;
NY: Latsa Labarai Bakwai, 2001): “Game da hanyar sadarwar bin-Laden,
ba su da ɗan damuwa game da dunƙulewar duniya da ɗaukakar al'adu
kamar yadda suke yi wa talakawa da wadanda ake zalunta a Gabas ta Tsakiya
wadanda suka shafe shekaru suna cutar da su sosai. Suna gaya mana me
damuwarsu a bayyane take: suna fada da Yaki mai tsarki
gwamnatoci masu cin hanci da rashawa, danniya, da 'marasa Islama' na
yankin, da magoya bayansu, kamar yadda suka yi Yaki mai tsarki
da Rashawa a cikin 1980s….Bin Laden da kansa yana da tabbas
Ba a taɓa jin labarin 'ɗayan duniya ba.' Wadanda suka yi hira da su
shi a tsayi, kamar Robert Fisk, ya ba da rahoton cewa ya san kusan
babu wani abu na duniya kuma bai damu ba."
Nan,
da kuma wasu da dama da za a iya ambata, Chomsky da sauransu
a gefen hagu sun nuna cewa ba su da rudani na "wawa na hagu".
game da halayen masu yuwuwar 9-11. Ya kasance gama gari
a gefen hagu bayan Satumba, a zahiri, don lura cewa bin-Laden ya kasance
hamshakin attajiri ne na musamman, dan ajin zamantakewa daya
kamar yadda George W. Bush wanda bai damu da Duniya ta Uku ba
talaka da wanda aka zalunta, kuma yana bin yawancin ikonsa na ta'addanci daidai
zuwa daular Amurka.
It
gaskiya ne cewa hagu ya yi watsi da da'awar Amurka na yau da kullun, maimaitawa
ta masu sassaucin ra'ayi, cewa Musulunci kiyayya da ci gaban zamani
da kuma "hanyar rayuwa" ta Amurka (kowace dangantaka
tsakanin wadanda) su ne manyan musabbabin kai hare-haren. Haka kuma
gaskiya cewa hagu yana tare da rubuce-rubucensa da jawabansa bayan 9-11
tare da wasu matsananciyar sharhi kan hanyoyin daban-daban da Amurkawa
manufofin duniya na haifar da ƙiyayya ga Amurka a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya
Gabas da kuma yadda wannan ƙiyayya ta samar da ƙasa mai albarka ga tsaba na
ta'addancin Amurkawa. A ce wannan ba, duk da haka, don yin imani
cewa harin na ranar 11 ga watan Satumba na da nasaba da wata bukata ta musamman
don kai hari ga mulkin mallaka na Amurka.
In
Hagu a zahiri sun raina korafe-korafen daular Amurka
a matsayin dalili a baya 9-11. Ya ba da shawarar wani abu dabam
bayani ya fito a cikin bayanin da ake samu a shirye
daga shafin ZNet: “Me ya sa ['yan ta'adda] suka yi wani mugun abu
mataki na tsokana ga wani iko mai girma, mai dauke da makamai, kuma mai hatsari
kamar Amurka? Wataƙila tsokanar Amurka ta kasance daidai
niyya. Ta hanyar tsokanar wani gagarumin hari na soji akan daya ko fiye
Al'ummar musulmi, masu aikata laifin na iya fatan za su tashi da wani tsari na
ta'addanci da kuma yaki da ta'addanci, precipitiating a tsattsarkan yaki tsakanin
Duniyar Musulunci da yammacin duniya, yakin da za su iya jagoranta kuma su
kila fatan zai haifar da rugujewar dukkanin Musulunci da bai wadatar ba
gwamnatin Amurka da kuma tashe-tashen hankula, kamar yadda Afghanistan
yaki ya taimaka wajen rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet. Ba sai a ce,
wannan yanayin hauka ne a kan kowane ƙididdiga wanda mutum zai iya tantancewa.” (Albert
da Shalom, "Maganganun Magana").
On
22 ga Satumba, Chomsky ya yi jayayya, “Babban burin Bin Laden
ita ce Saudiyya da sauran gwamnatocin cin hanci da rashawa da danniya
yankin, babu daya daga cikinsu [bisa kiyasin bin Laden] da gaske 'Musulunci.'
Shi da hanyar sadarwarsa suna da niyyar tallafawa musulmi da niyyar karewa
kansu a kan 'kafirai' a duk inda ya kasance: Chechnya,
Bosnia, Kashmir, China ta Yamma, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Arewacin Afirka, watakila
wani wuri. Sun yi yaƙi kuma sun ci nasara mai tsarki don korar Rashawa
daga Musulman Afganistan, kuma sun fi niyyar tuki
Amurkawa sun fita daga Saudi Arabia, kasa mafi mahimmanci
gare su, kasancewar gida ne ga mafi tsarkin wuraren Musulunci.”
At
Maganar Oktoba 18 a MIT, Chomsky ya ba da muhimmiyar bambanci "tsakanin
nau'i biyu, wadanda bai kamata a gudanar da su tare ba." The
Nau'in farko shine "masu aikata ta'addanci," wanda ya
an bayyana shi ba tare da tabbas ba a matsayin manyan masu laifi. Na biyu
ya kasance mahimmin "taki na tallafin [poplar]" ko
"aƙalla juyayi" ga hare-haren da ake kaiwa Amurka a tsakiya
Gabas, godiya ga sanannun duhu da ɓarna na Amurka
siyasa a yankin. Ko a rukuni na biyu, Chomsky ya lura,
yawancin tallafi mafi mahimmanci ba daga matalauta ba ne amma
daga ma'aikatan banki na Larabawa, lauyoyi, da ƙwararru - da wuya na halitta
makiya jari-hujja da masu fafutuka na “rag-tag
Marxism."
Chomsky
yayi magana kuma ya rubuta quite fili a kan ra'ayi na ta'addanci kamar yadda
"makamin masu rauni." Ya ce ta'addanci shine
“da farko makamin mai ƙarfi ne, mai ƙarfi, a zahiri.
Ana rike da ita a matsayin makamin masu rauni domin mai karfi ma yana sarrafa
tsarin koyarwa da ta'addancinsu ba ya cikin ta'addanci."
Zargi wadanda aka kashe?
The
shawarar masu sassaucin ra'ayi na hagu cewa hagu ya zargi wadanda abin ya shafa ba
'yan ta'adda na kisan-kiyashi na 9-11 sun kasance marasa kunya, ba tare da wata hujja ba
m-bashing, ba tsanani zargi. Walzer bai iya ba kuma ba zai iya ba
sami wani a wajen mahaukata ya ce ko rubuta wani abu
wanda ke zuwa ko da nesa kusa da rike matattu da nakasassu
Satumba 11 a matsayin alhakin makomarsu.
It
gaskiya ne cewa hagu ya nuna wasu bayanai marasa dadi game da
rawar tarihi da ci gaba na manufofin Amurka a Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Ya yi iƙirarin cewa Amurka ta kasance tana adawa akai-akai da ƙarfi
ga tsarin dimokuradiyya a can, wanda 'yan adawa suka ba da gudummawa
zuwa "tafki" na anti-Americanism wanda ke haifar da sararin samaniya
don 'yan ta'adda su bunƙasa, kuma Amurka ta daɗe tana ba da gudummawa
mai mahimmanci ta hanyoyi daban-daban, wasu kai tsaye, zuwa zaɓi na tsakiyar zamanai
tsattsauran ra'ayi da ta'addanci kan tsayin daka a cikin kasashen Larabawa.
Don lura da waɗannan abubuwan ba, duk da haka, ba rungumar ko uzuri ba ne
ta'addanci, sai dai idan, sake, daya manne a kan m ra'ayi cewa zuwa
fahimci laifi shine a tallafa masa.
Isak ta
amfani da Chomsky The Sabon Dan Adam na Soja har ila yau,
ya faɗi daidai cikin nau'in harbi mai arha. An rubuta fiye da a
shekara kafin 11 ga Satumba, 2001, littafin bai taɓa rungumar tashin bom ba
na Washington, London, ko Jakarta. Hakanan akasin Issac, ya yi
fiye da ƴan “manufofin da suka dace” tsakanin
laifukan jin kai da aka aikata a Kosovo da Gabashin Timor. Chomsky
ya bayar da hujjar cewa waɗancan bambance-bambancen, gami da kwatankwacin shelar
yawan mace-mace da barnar da 'yan ta'addar jihar suka yi
(mafi girma game da harin Indonesiya da Amurka da Burtaniya suka dauki nauyin kai
a Gabashin Timor fiye da batun harin Serbia a Kosovo)
ya sanya Washington ta fi cancantar tashin bom fiye da Belgrade
a cikin duniyar da aka ga ya dace a hukunta laifukan gwamnati
a kan bil'adama tare da munanan hare-hare na kasa da kasa kan mai laifi
al'ummar farar hula na jihohi. A bayyane yake, duk da haka, cewa babu
Chomsky ko wani a gefen hagu ko da nesa ya rungume shi
ko kuma ya rungumi irin wannan duniyar. Hujjarsa ta zage-zage, ya nufi
nuna rashin daidaiton manufofin harkokin wajen Amurka da maganganun maganganu
kuma kada a rungumi munanan ayyukan da za su haifar da
jayayya da ake yi daidai da manufofin. Rigimar Isak
game da rubutun Chomsky ya kasance abin ban tsoro a ciki da kanta.
Don shigar da wannan mummunar gardama a cikin sakonsa na 9-11 na Chomsky
ya rasa ninki biyu cikin ladabi na asali, hagu ko waninsa.
Bada Martani?
The
masu sassaucin ra'ayi-hagu ba daidai ba ne, a ƙarshe, don da'awar cewa hagu
ya ci gaba kuma ya ci gaba da ba da amsa ga hare-haren ta'addanci da
barazanar ta'addancin nan gaba. Duk kafin da kuma tun 9/11, Chomsky
da sauran na hagu sun yi magana kuma sun buga dogon lokaci akan
fifiko da sha'awar tsarin kula da tashin hankalin duniya cewa
ya dogara da dokokin kasa da kasa, shawarwarin bangarori da yawa, da na duniya
adalci na zamantakewa da dimokuradiyya. Sun dage cewa akwai
wasu muhimman abubuwan da masu tsara manufofin Amurka za su iya yi don hana su
hare-haren ta'addanci na gaba, gami da cirewa
Sojojin Amurka daga Saudi Arabiya da wasu sansanonin Gabas ta Tsakiya, suna faduwa
takunkumin da ya yi sanadin mutuwar yara fiye da rabin miliyan na Iraqi,
da kuma ɗaukar matsayi mai ƙarfi a kan Isra'ila, ta tilasta wa wannan ƙasa,
wanda ya dogara kacokan ga taimakon Amurka, don samun sauyi sosai
mu'amalarta da Falasdinawa. Masu hagu kuma sun ba da shawarar
cewa Amurka ta samar da wasu hanyoyin samar da makamashi don rage karfin Amurkawa
Mummunan yanayin da al'umma ke dogaro da Gabas ta Tsakiya
man fetur kuma ta haka ya rage "bukatar" Amurka don yin aiki
a Gabas ta Tsakiya tun da farko. The
fifiko ga irin waɗannan ayyukan ba tashin hankali, rungumar ƙasa da sunan
na pacifism fiye da na asali sha'awa ga tashin hankali-rage, ya karu
tsaro (ciki har da na Amurkawa) a gida da waje da na firamare
ka'idodin wayewa, ya kasance koyaushe bayyananne a hagu
sharhi. Ta hanyar cewa masu ba da shawara na hagu "ba su yin kome ba,"
mai sassaucin ra'ayi na hagu yana fatan ya rufe ma'anarsa ta zahiri
wani abu tare da jefa bama-bamai marasa laifi da fadada Amurka
ta'addancin jiha.
Zaɓan Target
Nunawa
zurfin servility ga iko, akwai dadi selectivity a
Tushen Hitchens, Walzer, da Isaac suna mai da hankali kan masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Don daidaitawa
a kan layin akida, da sun daidaita rashin ingancinsu
tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi na alakanta da halin kirki a wurin Wall
Jaridar Titin. The Journal ya yi takara a ranar 18 ga Satumba
story
bayyana babban tushen amincewa ga hare-haren a tsakanin ma
wadatattun mazauna Gabas ta Tsakiya. Yawancin na ƙarshe an ruwaito
da Journal kamar yadda tunanin "abin da ya faru a New
York bai bambanta da abin da Amurka ta jawo ba
'Yan Iraki, Falasdinawa, Sudan, da sauran Musulmai." A mai alaƙa
Journal Aike ya ruwaito cewa tausayin Amurkawa
wadanda abin ya shafa a kasashen Larabawa sun “cancanci tare da juzu'i
na gamsuwa da cewa a ƙarshe Amurka ta biya farashin sa
mai karfi da goyon bayan Isra'ila da kuma dagewarta kan takunkumi a kan
Iraki, Libya, Syria, da sauran jihohi."
The
babban kamfani Newsweek dã ya kasance a yet more
manufa ta dace don hare-haren masu sassaucin ra'ayi a kan wadanda ke da
zafin don bayyana ta'addanci na gabas ta tsakiya. Karkashin
taken "Me yasa Suke Qin Mu?" wannan mujalla ta Oktoba
Labarin murfin 15 ya ba da tattaunawa mai yawa game da yadda mulkin mallaka na Amurka
manufofi a Gabas ta Tsakiya-waɗanda Bin-Laden ya jaddada
et al-ƙirƙirar “raw anti-Americanism” mai girma
yankin. Fareed Zakaria ne ya rubuta labarin, wani lokaci
editan gudanarwa na Harkokin Harkokin waje wanda ya goyi bayan Amurka
harin bam a Afganistan.
An
ko da mafi alherin manufa zai kasance Chicago Tribune. a
Lahadi, 30 ga Satumba, wannan takarda ta “Halayen”
sashe ya ƙunshi wani yanki mai suna "A Sabuwar Duniya Rashin Lafiya: da
Tsabar Ta'addanci Na Ci Gaba A Falauci" daga wakilin duniya
RC Longworth. Longworth yayi jayayya cewa rashin daidaito da kuma
rashin aikin yi mai alaƙa da kamfanoni da Amurka ke tallafawa
duniya ta haifar da ƙasa mai albarka don ta'addanci ko da lokacin buɗewa
Amurkawa don kai hari cikin sauki. “Idan kowane yanki ya sami mafi muni
na tattalin arzikin duniya, amma babu wani mafi kyau," in ji Longworth,
"Gabas ta Tsakiya ce."
Longworth
An nakalto wani tsohon jami'in Ma'aikatar Kasuwancin Amurka, William Van Dusen
Wishard, zuwa sakamako mai sanyi. A cewar Wishard, "a cikin yanayin duniya
duniya tare da sadarwar nan take, ba shi yiwuwa a sami wuce gona da iri
wadata tare da niƙa talauci ba tare da wani abu ba, wani lokaci,
wani wuri, fashewa. Mu Amurkawa mun ba da wadatar mu kuma
iko a fuskar duniya, kuma duniya ta mayar da martani daban-daban
digiri, ta'addanci shine kawai mafi girman nau'in dauki."
Akwai ƙarin misalai da yawa, ciki har da USA Today, wanda
ya ba da tattaunawa kan tushen sabuwar kyamar Amurkawa ta Larabawa
a cikin gaskiyar manufofin daular Amurka.
The
Maƙasudin ƙarshe da aka rasa a harin da masu sassaucin ra'ayi suka kai kan ta'addanci
Masu neman gafara (da kyau, masu bayani), duk da haka, manufar Amurka ce
kafa. Masu sassaucin ra'ayi a kan farautar hujjar cewa
Hare-haren ta'addancin da aka kai kan Amurkawa wani sakamako ne da ake iya hasashe
Kamata ya yi daular Amurka ta sake duba rahoton da aka fitar a shekarar 1997 ta
Kwamitin Kimiyya na Tsaro na Mataimakin Sakatare na Tsaro na Amurka
domin Saye da Fasaha. Wannan ƙwararrun binciken ya gano, “na tarihi
bayanai sun nuna kyakyawan alaka tsakanin shigar Amurka cikin kasashen duniya
yanayi da karuwar hare-haren ta'addanci a kan United
Jihohi. Bugu da kari, ” ya ci gaba da cewa, “asymmetry na soja
wanda ya hana jihohin kasar damar kai hare-hare a fili
a kan Amurka ya haifar da amfani da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa da kasa
(wato 'yan ta'addar kasa da kasa)."
Masu sassaucin ra'ayi-hagu
neman mutane masu haɗari waɗanda ke jayayya cewa kaji na sarki sun zo
gida zuwa rugujewa ta munanan hanyoyi na iya so a bincika
Bayanan hangen nesa na ƙarni na baya-bayan nan na Umurnin Sararin Samaniya na Amurka da
CIA. Dukansu sun yi hasashen karuwar barazanar ta'addanci ga “Amurka
muradun kasa da saka hannun jari” da aka samu daga tallafin Amurka
tattalin arzikin “duniya,” wanda suka yarda da shi — sosai
Sabanin bayanan da Amurka ta yi a hukumance kan fa'idodin da ake zargin duniya
na "ciniki na kyauta" - don fadada gibin da ke tsakanin
Duniya ta "da" da "ba-da."
sun kasance kuma su ne da yawa wasu misalan kafa gaskiya a kan
koma baya mai hatsari da daular ke haifarwa. A matsayin babban babba
Masanin Gabas mai Nisa Chalmers Johnson ya nuna, Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Amurka
Hukumar ta daɗe tana amfani da ita, a ciki, kalmar "bushewa"
don bayyana sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba (ciki har da hare-haren ta'addanci
a kasar Amurka) na sirrin manufofin kasashen waje na Amurka. "Bawa-baya,"
Johnson ya rubuta a cikin annabcinsa mai ban tsoro Blowback: Farashin
da Sakamakon Daular Amurka, bisa ga kafa
majiyoyi, "a takaice ne don cewa al'umma ta girbi me
yana shuka, ko da kuwa bai cika sani ba ko fahimtar abin da yake da shi
shuka. Idan aka yi la’akari da arzikinta da karfinta, Amurka za ta kasance kan gaba
mai karɓa a nan gaba na duk abin da ake tsammani
nau'ikan koma baya, musamman hare-haren ta'addanci kan Amurkawa
a ciki da wajen sojojin a ko'ina a duniya, ciki har da ciki
Amurka."
Tabbas,
mafi yawa saboda 9-11, abubuwa suna da wuya isa ga waɗanda suka yi imani
a cikin adalci na zamantakewa a Amurka ba tare da al'ummar ci gaba ba
nutsewa cikin wani orgy na internecine yaƙi. A cikin bege na maidowa
wasu hadin kai a bangaren hagu na rayuwar Amurka da kuma cikin
mai son mutuncin kansa, mai sassaucin ra'ayi ya kamata ya rushe
wasu karnukan bambaro da ta gina bayan watan Satumban da ya gabata
munanan abubuwan da suka faru. Harin masu sassaucin ra'ayi a kan bayan-9-11 ya bar sharhi
dogara ne a kan m kuskure na abin da hagu a zahiri
ya kuma rubuta game da laifukan tarihi da aka aikata a Amurka a karshe
bazara. Ladabi ne kawai don bincika ainihin rikodin waɗannan
ka yi hukunci. Z
Paul Street marubuci ne mai zaman kansa kuma mai binciken manufofin zamantakewa
in Chicago, Illinois. Rubuce-rubucensa da sharhi sun bayyana a ciki Z
Mujallar, Bita na wata-wata, Rashin amincewa, da Jaridar Social
Tarihi.