I
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Disamba, Ƙungiyar Nazarin Iraki (wanda kuma aka sani da BakerHamilton
Hukumar) ta buga sharhin gaskiya game da rikicin Iraki
ya zuwa yanzu ta wata ƙungiyar manufofin Amurka a hukumance. Babban rauni
na kimantarsa shi ne cewa ya kauce wa al'amurra guda biyu: (1) na
cikakken alhakin Amurka game da rikicin; (2) haramun
na mamayewar Amurka da sakamakon rashin halalcin aikin
cewa a yanzu Amurka na taka rawa a harkokin Iraki.
An amince da alhakin da Amurka ke da alhakin rikicin a Iraki guda uku
sau a cikin wannan rahoto: na farko, a cikin wasiƙar daga kujeru; na biyu,
a cikin gabatarwar babin "Kima"; kuma,
A ƙarshe, a matsayin hujja don ƙin zaɓin “haɗari
janyewa.” Shugabannin jam'iyyar Republican James Baker da Democrat
Lee Hamilton, ya bayyana a cikin wasiƙarsu ta gabatarwa cewa, “Saboda
na rawar da Amurka ke takawa a Iraki, da
alkawurran da gwamnatinmu ta yi, Amurka na da na musamman
wajibai." Maimakon ci gaba da bayyana "na musamman
wajibai” na ƙasar da ta mamaye wani ta keta
na Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kamar janye dakarunta
da biyan diyya, yana tabbatar da rauni cewa, “Namu
dole ne kasar ta magance matsalolin Iraki da dama."
Ana maimaita wannan dabarar a gabatarwar “Kima”
babi: “Saboda abubuwan da suka faru a Iraki an fara aiwatar da su
Hukunce-hukuncen Amurkawa da ayyukansu, Amurka na da duka 'yan ƙasa
da kuma sha'awar kyawawan halaye na yin abin da zai iya don baiwa 'yan Iraki dama
don kawar da rashin zaman lafiya.”
Abin da
ta biyo bayan wani mummunan kima na halin da Iraqi ta mamaye, amma
wanda a hankali ya guji haɗa kowane takamaiman yanayi kai tsaye
yana kwatanta "hukunce-hukuncen Amurka da ayyukansu."
Sashen "Tsarin Tashe-tashen hankula" ya yarda da "yawan
tushen tashin hankali a Iraki: tawayen Larabawa Sunni, al Quaeda
da kungiyoyi masu alaka da Jihadi, da mayakan Shi'a da rundunonin kashe mutane,
da kuma shirya laifuka.” Sai dai idan an so a hada shi
a cikin rukuni na ƙarshe, wanda zai yi aiki amma da alama ba zai yuwu ba, akwai
Ba a ambaci tushen tushen tashin hankali a Iraki ba: Amurka
mamayewa da mamaye kasar da sojoji suka yi.
Binciken cututtukan cututtukan da aka buga kwanan nan a cikin
Lancet
masu bincike daga Johns Hopkins da Jami'o'in Columbia sun gano
tare da 97.5 bisa dari tabbas cewa aƙalla kashi 26 na tashin hankali
An danganta mutuwar tun lokacin da aka kai harin kai tsaye ga "haɗin kai"
sojojin. A wani kashi 45 na lokuta dangi sun kasa ko
ba sa so a ce su waye suka kashe ‘yan uwansu. A cikakke
mafi karanci wannan yana nufin cewa Amurka da wasu sojojin kasashen waje sun kashe
aƙalla mutane 110,000 a Iraki, kodayake ainihin adadin mutanen
kisa ya fi girma.
A cikin tattaunawa game da tashin hankalin ‘yan bindiga, rahoton ya lura cewa, “Da yawa
'Yan kungiyar Badar sun shiga cikin 'yan sandan Iraki. "
da kuma cewa “Yayin da suke sanye da rigar jami’an tsaro.
Mayakan Badar sun kai hari kan fararen hula Larabawa 'yan Sunni." Yana yi
ba a ambaci rawar da Amurka ta taka wajen kafa da horar da ma'aikatar cikin gida ba
kwamandojin 'yan sanda na musamman; ko kuma ci gaba da aikin mashawartan Amurka
aiki da wadannan dakarun ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida bayan hadewarsu
tare da dakarun Badr Brigades na Iran da aka horar da su kuma an kaddamar da su a matsayin dakarun kisa
a kan al'ummar Sunna; ko kuma gwamnatin Amurka a halin yanzu
tattaunawa da SCIRI da shugaban Badar alHakim don ba su girma
rawar a cikin gwamnatin yar tsana ta gaba.
A cikin sashin Operation Together Forward II (aikin haɗin gwiwa
don ƙara yawan ayyukan tsaro da ma'aikata a Baghdad a bara)
Rahoton ya ce an samu karuwar tashe-tashen hankula da kashi 43 cikin dari a Bagadaza a lokacin
tsawon lokacin da wannan aikin na Amurka ya rufe, amma ya kasa yin bayani
dalilin da ya sa ya yi wannan tasiri. A gaskiya wannan aikin ya yi niyya ne
Unguwar ‘yan Sunna da ‘yan sanda na musamman suka kai hari
Komandos da sauran mayakan Shi'a tun daga Afrilu 2005, amma wanda
ya kasance yana yin tsayayya da waɗannan hare-haren tare da wasu nasara. Na suna
Manufar wannan farmakin na Amurka shi ne kawar da duk wani tsayin daka na 'yan Sunna
da mayakan Shi'a, amma dakarun taimakon Iraqi da suka hada kai
tare da Sojojin Amurka na 4th da 172nd Stryker Brigade sun ƙunshi
na ko kawance da mayakan Shi'a. An yi hasashen gaba ɗaya kuma
don haka ana tsammanin cewa wannan aiki zai tsananta
hare-haren da ake kaiwa 'yan Sunni na Bagadaza. Kwanan nan
karuwar tashin hankali a Baghdad don haka kai tsaye ne kuma a fili
da gangan sakamakon manufofin Amurka.
Lokacin da rahoton ya ci gaba don tattauna "Wasu Madadin Darussan"
a Iraki, "rawar da alkawuran Amurka a ciki
fara abubuwan da suka haifar da halin da ake ciki yanzu” kwatsam
fito a matsayin dalilin ci gaba da fada da bukatar janyewa
an ƙi shi azaman labarin bangaskiya: “Mun yi imani zai kasance
ba daidai ba ne Amurka ta yi watsi da kasar ta hanyar hazo
janye sojoji da tallafi. Tashi daga Amurka da wuri
Kusan Iraki za ta haifar da tashin hankali na bangaranci da kuma
kara tabarbarewar yanayi.” Ba a gabatar da shaida ba
don tallafawa wannan ikirari da sauran sassan rahoton sun kunshi
kwararan shaidu da ke nuna cewa mamayar Amurka ita ce tushen farko
tashin hankali a Iraki.
A cikin tattaunawa akan zabin "Ƙarin Sojoji don Iraqi", rahoton
ya ce, “Ƙaruwa mai dorewa a matakan sojojin Amurka ba zai yiwu ba
warware ainihin dalilin tashin hankali a Iraki." Hujja
don ajiye dakaru 140,000 na Amurka daidai a Irakin Zinare ne
gardama, cewa wannan lambar ba ta da yawa kuma ba da yawa ba, amma
"haka kawai." Wannan ba hujja ba ce ta hankali. Sanata
McCain ya yi daidai da cewa, da a ce sojojin Amurka da gaske ne karfi na tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali
a Iraki, to da yawa daga cikinsu za su kara kawo kwanciyar hankali. Sashen
ya yarda cewa ba haka lamarin yake ba, amma kyakkyawan dalili
ba a tsawaita zuwa tushen bangaskiya "Janyewar Hauka"
sashe.
shawarwarin
40 a babin “Hanyar Ci gaba” an gabatar da ƙarin tattaunawa
na rawar sojojin Amurka: “Ƙara ƙarin sojojin Amurka zai iya
tunanin yana dagula waɗancan ɓangarori na matsalar tsaro waɗanda suke
ciyar da ra'ayin cewa kasancewar Amurka an yi niyya don zama na dogon lokaci
'aiki'." Amma sai “kasancewar Amurka
Sojoji a Iraki suna daidaita tashin hankali." Wannan tsari na ƙarshe
ishara ne mai ban sha'awa ga abin da gaske sojojin Amurka suke yi,
da dabara suna amfani da nasu ikon halaka a kan Ahlus-Sunnah
tare da hadin gwiwar dakarun yankin da suka mamaye
An kai harin ne a lokacin da ta ke kai wa dakarun al-Sadr hari da dama
don kiyaye su idan zai yiwu.
Wannan tattaunawa ta zayyana ainihin matsalolin da masu tsara manufofin Amurka ke fuskanta
kan Iraki. Suna cin nasara a yaki da Ahlus-Sunnah wanda matakinsu na
Har yanzu juriya na karuwa, yayin da Muqtada al-Sadr ya yi shiru
ya zama shugaban 'yan Shi'a a duk fadin mafi yawansu
kasa. Amurkawa sun yi kokarin daukar Ahlus Sunna su tafi
al-Sadr daga baya, amma wannan bai yi tasiri ba. Sakamakon ya kasance
cewa duk juriyar Ahlus-Sunnah da al-Sadr sun kara karfi kuma
Amurka da ƴan tsana iri-iri sun yi rauni fiye da kowane lokaci.
Takardar bayanan rahoton ita ce a mai da hankali kan tsaro na horarwa
sojojin masu biyayya ga gwamnatin yar tsana, amma amincin wadannan
sojojin ba za a taba lamunce ba. Idan ya kamata a zo a nuna
tare da al-Sadr, yawancinsu za su kasance a gefe guda kuma ba zato ba tsammani
Kurdawan peshmerga sun gwammace su yi gwagwarmaya don samun 'yantacciyar Kurdistan
fiye da Baghdad. Kalmar "mamaye" ba ta faruwa a ko'ina
a cikin wannan rahoto. Kalmar “halatta” tana faruwa sau ɗaya, a cikin
dangane da alakar diflomasiyya tsakanin Iraki da kasashe makwabta.
Sashen “Tsaro” yana farawa da bayanin waccan Amurka
Sojojin wani bangare ne na Sojojin Kasa da Kasa da UNSCR ta ba da izini
1546. Ba a fayyace cewa sojojin da suka mamaye ba ne
kasar a watan Maris 2003 da take hakkin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Yarjejeniya da
cewa, saboda matsayin Amurka a matsayin mamba na dindindin
na Kwamitin Sulhun, kudurorin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da suka biyo baya sun kasa samu
don fuskantar gaskiyar wannan lamari.
Amurka ta hana kwamitin sulhun ya cika
alhakinta na maido da zaman lafiya da tsaro a duniya.
barin Majalisar ta yi aiki a karkashin wannan matakin don yin abin da za ta iya
karkashin yanayi. Lokacin da aka rubuta littattafan tarihi, mu
watakila za a ga cewa wasu membobin da wasu jami'an Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun yi aiki
diflomasiyya mai natsuwa don gwadawa da kwato kariyar da mutane ke ciki
na Iraki suna da hakki a karkashin dokokin kasa da kasa, yayin da akasari ana gudanar da su
da farko ta hanyar bukatu nasu wajen tabbatar da daidaiton dangantaka
tare da Amurka.
Tambayoyin halaccin da ba a warware su ba suna ƙarƙashin tattaunawar rahoton
na batutuwa da dama: matsayin Kurdistan Iraqi; " afuwa domin
wadanda suka yaki gwamnati”; jirgin na
ajin fasaha daga kasar, ciki har da jami'an gwamnati,
malamai, da injiniyoyin man fetur; kin amincewar Ma'aikatun
na Lafiya, Noma da Sufuri don yin aiki tare da masu ba da shawara na Amurka;
tsarin rashin tabbas na zuba jari na kasashen waje; girma na mashahuri
adawa da aikin; da kuma gaskiyar cewa kashi 61 na mutanen Iraqi
amincewa da kai hare-hare kan dakarun da Amurka ke jagoranta.
Ayyuka
akan "Gina Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya" da "Sabon
Laifin Diflomasiyya" an tsara su a fili don shiga wasu
kasashe a tattaunawar da za su iya karfafa zaton Amurka
na halal da matsayin Amurka da 'yan tsana
a Iraki. Matsayin da gwamnatin ’yar tsana ta Iraki ke da shi shi ne
Har ila yau, jigon shawarwari na 19 da 20, da ke buƙatar haɗin kai
tare da jami'an Amurka don cimma matsaya kan sasantawar kasa,
tsaro, da mulki.
Shawarwari 22 da 23 suna magana da zuciyar kasuwancin Amurka
a Iraki, yana neman Shugaba Bush ya "bayyana cewa Amurka
ba ya neman sansanonin soji na dindindin a Iraki" da "wato
Amurka ba ta neman sarrafa man kasar Iraki.”
Rahoton bai bukaci Bush ya dauki wasu kwararan matakai dangane da hakan ba
waɗannan batutuwa, kamar dakatar da gine-gine a sansanonin Amurka ko kan
104-acre Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a cikin Green Zone.
Shawarwari na 62 da 63 sun ba da hadadden takardar sayan magani kashi goma
don ba da gudummawa ga fannin mai a Iraki. Za su “ƙirƙira
tsarin kasafin kudi da tsarin shari'a don saka hannun jari" da kuma ƙaddamar da Amurka
sojojin da za su yi aiki tare da 'yan Iraki da sojojin haya na kasashen waje don karewa
kayayyakin albarkatun man fetur da kuma ‘yan kwangila.
"Ya kamata Amurka ta karfafa zuba jari a Iraki
Bangaren man fetur na kasashen duniya da kuma makamashi na kasa da kasa
kamfanoni" da "Ya kamata Amurka ta taimaka wa Iraqi
shugabanni su sake tsara harkar man fetur ta kasa a matsayin kasuwanci
kamfani." Waɗannan maganganun suna bayyana ci gaba da goyon baya ga
Yarjejeniyar Rarraba Haƙar Mai da Kamfanonin Mai na Yamma
tun daga mamayar ake jira. Irin wannan yarjejeniya za su
zama koma baya ga lokacin da ake gaban manyan kasashen da ke hako mai
sun mayar da masana'antunsu na mai a ƙasa a lokacin da kamfanonin Yamma za su iya taimakawa
da kansu ga mai domin biyan kananan kudaden sarauta
ga gwamnatocin kasa. Har zuwa yakin duniya na biyu, Anglo-Iran (yanzu
BP) ya biya kashi 16 cikin XNUMX na masarautun man fetur ga gwamnati
na Iran.
Kevin Phillips ya ruwaito a cikin littafinsa
Theocracy na Amurka
cewa
Kamfanonin mai na Amurka sun yi fatan samun riba mai yawa a kan man Iraqi a karkashinsa
waɗannan sabbin Yarjejeniyar Rarraba Ƙirƙirar fiye da yadda suke yi a halin yanzu
akan sauran ayyukansu na duniya hade. Nazarin Iraki
Shigar da ƙungiyar ta wannan abu a cikin rahoton nasu ya nuna cewa
manufofin kasuwanci na farko na mamayewar ba su canza ba, ko da
idan suna nufin ruguza kasar da ke da masifar zama
a saman waɗannan filayen mai masu daraja, birni da birni, toshe ta toshe, rayuwa
ta rayuwa.
Nicolas
JS Davies dalibi ne na tarihin Amurka da manufofin kasashen waje. Yana rayuwa
in Miami, Florida. Kan layi ne ya buga wannan labarin
Journal.