Lokacin da gwamnatin Obama ta hau karagar mulki a shekara ta 2009, ta fuskanci wata matsala mai ban mamaki: me za ta yi game da laifukan gwamnatin da ta shude, musamman yakin satar mutane da azabtarwa da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba a duniya ba tare da gurfanar da wadanda ake zargi da aikata ta'addanci ba. Yayin da ya hau karagar mulki, shugaba Obama ya sanar da cewa, zai rufe sansanin fursunoni na Amurka a Guantanamo Bay cikin shekara guda, kuma a hukumance ya sake sanya wa sojojin Amurka takunkumin hana azabtarwa da cin zarafin fursunoni. Amma ya yi watsi da duk wani ƙoƙari na bincikar laifuffukan magabata, yana mai da’awar cewa yana son ya “sa ido.”
Obama, bisa hasashen, ya koma kan alkawarinsa na rufe Guantanamo, inda ake ci gaba da tsare tsare, da shari'a marasa adalci, da duka, da kuma cin zarafi. Amnesty International ta koka a cikin Nuwamba 2010 cewa Amurka ta kasance "yankin da ba shi da lissafi" don laifukan yaki. Gwamnatin Obama ba kawai ta samar da "ci gaba" tare da manufofin doka na Bush da Cheney ba, ta fadada haramtacciyar yakin duniya na "kisan kisa" ko "farauta" wanda Donald Rumsfeld ya fara amincewa da shi a 2003.
Exceptionalism na Amurka
Amurka keɓantawa” an ɗauki cikinsa azaman hangen nesa na Amurka don sauran ƙasashen duniya su duba. Madadin haka, ya zo ne don bayyana yadda Amurkawa ke keta dokokin kasa da kasa a tsare. A yau Amurka ta ki amincewa da tsarin dokokin kasa da kasa kan batutuwa na yau da kullun. Lokacin da jami'an Amurka suka ce, "Dukkan zaɓuɓɓuka suna kan tebur," an fahimci cewa suna nufin wani abu da ya bambanta da, "Dukkan zaɓin doka suna kan tebur."
Tsare lissafin ƙasa da ƙasa yana da mahimmanci don 'yantar da koyaswar sojan Amurka daga wasu takunkumin doka. Mataki na 94 na Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana cewa, "ta hanyar sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniya ta, Memba na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya dauki alkawarin yin aiki da duk wani hukunci da Kotun Duniya ta yanke a shari'ar da ta kasance." A cikin 1984, ICJ ta umurci Amurka "ta daina kuma ta dena" daga "amfani da karfi ba bisa ka'ida ba" akan Nicaragua kuma ta biya diyya na yaki. Amurka ta ki amincewa, tana mai bayyana cewa ba za ta sake amincewa da hurumin daurin gindi na kotun ba. Nicaragua ta bukaci Kwamitin Sulhun da ya aiwatar da hukuncin, amma hakan ya gamu da kin amincewar Amurka. Ita ma Amurka ta ki amincewa da ikon sabuwar Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa (ICC).
Kin amincewa da koyarwar doka ta kafa mataki na keta tsarin Yarjejeniya Ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Yarjejeniyar Geneva wadanda ke da mahimmanci ga manufofin yakin Amurka bayan 2001. Ba tare da tsoron cewa za a tilasta musu ba da amsa ga kotunan duniya marasa son rai, masu ba da shawara kan shari'a na gwamnatin Amurka suna ƙara ƙwaƙƙwaran hukunce-hukuncen “ƙarfin hali” (ma’ana ta shari’a) don ba da kariya ga manyan laifuffuka, daga azabtarwa zuwa zalunci zuwa kisa.
Sabanin haka, a Burtaniya, wadda ke cikin jam'iyyar ICJ da ICC, mashawartan gwamnati kan harkokin shari'a sun yi gargadi akai-akai cewa mamaye Iraki zai zama "laifi na zalunci" wanda jami'an Birtaniya za su iya fuskantar tuhuma. Binciken Iraqi a London ya shafe shekaru biyu yana kokawa da yadda gwamnati ta yi watsi da wadannan gargadin daga masu ba ta shawara kan harkokin shari'a. Har yanzu rahoton nata na karshe na iya dorawa Blair da mukarrabansa alhakin bala'in da suka yi wa al'ummar Iraki, wanda ya bude kofar gurfanar da masu laifi da kuma ikirarin farar hula a kotunan Biritaniya da na kasa da kasa.
Manufar Kisan Sanyi
Yayin da gwamnatin Obama ta hau karagar mulki a shekarar 2009, wani fitaccen kwamitin shari’a da hukumar shari’a ta kasa da kasa (ICJ) ta nada kuma tsohuwar shugabar kasar Ireland Mary Robinson, ta buga wani rahoto kan abin da Amurka ke kira “yaki da ta’addanci.” Ya kammala da cewa cin zarafin da Amurka ta yi wa dokokin kasa da kasa bai dace ba ko kuma mai tasiri ga ta'addanci, kuma shugabannin Amurka sun rikitar da jama'a ta hanyar tsara yakin da suke yi na yaki da ta'addanci a cikin "salon yaki." Kwamitin ya nace cewa kafa ka'idojin dokokin kasa da kasa "an yi niyya ne don jure rikice-rikice, kuma suna samar da ingantaccen tsari mai inganci wanda zai magance ta'addanci."
Barack Obama ya dakatar da faretin macabre na kaho, daure da daurin da ake zargi sanye da rigar lemu da ke tuntube da jiragen Amurka a cikin rana mai zafi a Guantanamo, amma bai yi hakan ba ta hanyar maido da doka. Maimakon haka, da yawa, ya maye gurbin manufofin Bush da yaƙin neman zaɓe na duniya don kawai kashe mutane da yawa a cikin ruwan sanyi: wadanda ake zargi da ta'addanci, mayakan gwagwarmaya, da duk wani wanda aka saka cikin jerin sirri don dalilai na sirri.
Daga mahangar “kwararru na musamman” na Amurka, kashe waɗanda ake zargi maimakon kama su hanya ce da ta dace don guje wa abin kunyar share ɗaruruwan galibin mutanen da ba su ji ba ba su ji ba ba su gani ba a cikin ɗimbin jan hankali na duniya sannan kuma ba su san abin da za a yi da su ba. Matattu ba su ba da labari ba. Hankulan jama'a yana kunshe ne a cikin kasashe masu nisa da ake kashe-kashen kuma baya haifar da matsalolin siyasar cikin gida.
Ba tare da haƙiƙanin lissafi ba a ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan doka, a baya an yi watsi da ƙa'idodin doka masu ɗaure da sauri. An haramtawa jami'an Amurka aiwatar da kisan gilla tun 1976 a karkashin umarnin Shugaba Ford na 11905. Masu ba da shawara kan shari'a na Amurka sun karya wannan haramcin ta hanyar yanke hukuncin cewa "kisan kisa" ba kisan kai ba ne, amma ayyukan kare kai ne. Wannan kawai ya yi watsi da kafaffen dokokin kasa da kasa, a wannan yanayin Caroline ka'ida, wanda Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka Daniel Webster ya tsara a 1841 kuma a yanzu an yarda da shi a duniya, wanda ke iyakance 'yancin kare kai daga kan iyaka zuwa daidaitaccen martani ga barazanar da ke tafe.
Sojojin Amurka da ke aikata wannan kisan gilla suna kirga yawancin fararen hula marasa laifi da suke kashewa a matsayin "kyakkyawan sakamako." Lokacin da sojojin Amurka a Afganistan suka kashe Zabet Amanullah a wani lamari na kuskure, sun kuma kashe ma'aikatan yakin neman zabe tara wadanda suka yi wa dan uwansa, dan takarar majalisar dokokin Afghanistan aiki, bisa "laifi ta kusanci." Jami'an Ayyuka na Musamman na Amurka sun bayyana wa tsohuwar 'yar jaridar BBC, Kate Clark cewa suna aiki a karkashin wata ka'ida ta gama gari cewa kusanci da "manufa" ita ce shaidar da suke bukata don daukar wani a matsayin abin hari kuma. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen bayyana dalilin da ya sa ake kirga Amurka a koyaushe suna da'awar ƙarin "masu tayar da kayar baya" da aka kashe fiye da farar hula, duk da ƙa'idodin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin ha, kisan gilla.
Ana gudanar da "kashe-kashen da aka yi niyya" na Amurka a ƙarƙashin ikon CIA da US Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC). Hanyoyin kashe-kashe gabaɗaya sun kasu kashi uku: hare-haren jiragen sama da jirage masu saukar ungulu; hare-haren da jiragen sama marasa matuki ke kaiwa; da kashe-kashen da dakarun JSOC ke yi a kasa.
Tushen ayyukan kisan gilla na JSOC wani budaddiyar “umarni ne” wanda Donald Rumsfeld ya rubuta a watan Satumban 2003 yayin da aka ci gaba da adawa da mamayewar Amurka ba bisa ka'ida ba a Iraki. Baya ga ba da izinin kisan gilla a Iraki, Afganistan, da Somaliya a ƙarƙashin ikon soja, umarnin Rumsfeld ya kuma ba su izini a Aljeriya, Iran, Malaysia, Mali, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Syria, da Yemen - bisa ga amincewar shugaban kasa. Ko wace irin rawa da Amurka ke takawa ko ba ta taka ba a kisan masana kimiya na Iran, babban furucin sakataren tsaro Panetta—“Ba abin da Amurka take yi ba” karya ce.
Gwamnatin Obama ta fadada ayyukan Amurka na musamman daga kasashe 60 zuwa kusan 80 tun lokacin da ta hau karagar mulki, amma nawa ne ayyukan JSOC da suka hada da "kisan kisa" sirri ne. Umurnin Ayyuka na Musamman yana da ma'aikata 58,000 a karkashinta kuma har 25,000 daga cikinsu suna aiki a karkashin JSOC bisa ga sassauƙa. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2010, JSOC tana da dakaru 9,000 a Iraki da Afganistan da kuma wasu 4,000 da aka tura a wasu kasashe.
Akalla raka'a uku ana sanya su na dindindin ga JSOC: Rundunar Soja ta Delta Force, Navy's DEVGRU (tsohon SEAL Team 6), da Rundunar Sojan Sama ta 24th Special Tactics Squadron. Sauran rukunin da ke aiki akai-akai a ƙarƙashin JSOC sun haɗa da Regiment na 75th Ranger da 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (SOAR), wanda aka sani da "Nightstalkers." SOAR na 160 na gudanar da hare-hare da jigilar jirage masu saukar ungulu don tallafawa ayyukan Sojoji na Musamman. "Tawagar 'Yan Sanda ta Musamman" daga 160th, SOAR kuma an sanya shi ga Wolf Brigade na Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Iraki yayin da take tsare, azabtarwa, da kashe dubban fararen hula a Baghdad a cikin 2005 da 2006.
JSOC na Kashe Mutane Ba daidai ba Mafi yawan lokuta
Seymour Hersh ya ruwaito a cikin New Yorker a cikin Disamba 2003 cewa sojojin JSOC suna horar da masu kisan gilla na Isra'ila, ko Mista'aravim, a Isra'ila da North Carolina don gudanar da ayyukan kisan gilla a Iraki. Wani jami'in leken asirin Amurka ya fada wa manema labarai cewa, "ba shi da hankali." Guardian, "Ga mu - an riga an kwatanta mu da Sharon a cikin Larabawa kuma mun tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar kawo Isra'ilawa tare da kafa ƙungiyoyin kisa." Wasu jami'ai sun bayyana cewa, wuraren da za a kai wannan gangamin ba za su takaitu ga ainihin mayakan gwagwarmaya ba, amma za su hada da da yawa daga cikin masu fada a ji na Iraki, wadanda suka yi imanin suna goyon baya da kuma ba da tallafi ga Resistance Iraki. "Al'ummar Sunni ba sa biyan farashi kan tallafin da suke baiwa 'yan ta'adda," in ji wani jami'in Amurka Newsweek. “Daga su ra'ayi, ba shi da tsada. Dole ne mu canza wannan ma'auni."
Sojojin Amurka da ke mutuwa a Iraki an yaba da rawar da suke takawa a cikin abin da ake kira "tattaunawa" ko kuma ta'azzara yakin a shekara ta 2007. Wani jami'in Amurka mai ritaya ya shaidawa gidan talabijin na PBS "Frontline" cewa sun yi fice sosai wajen amfani da hanyoyin lantarki. ganowa, bin diddigin, da gano” maƙasudin da suka ƙirƙiro na'urar kashe kashe ta'addanci ta "ƙarfin masana'antu." Sashen “kashe” gaskiya ne, amma “binciken hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa” na JSOC hanya ce mai kyau don tattara jerin sunayen da aka yi niyya bisa lambobi da aka samo daga wayoyin salula da aka kama, ba tare da ƙoƙarin tabbatar da bayanan tare da ainihin “hankalin ɗan adam” a matsayin halaltacce ba. ayyukan leken asiri zasu buƙaci.
Manyan kwamandoji guda biyu sun yi wannan gagarumin shigar ga Dana Priest of the Washington Post Cewa hare-haren JSOC na da kasa da kashi 50 cikin XNUMX na harin wanda ya dace ko gidan. Rashin tabbatar da gaskiya a kan ainihin mutanen da aka kai hari - wadanda galibi fararen hula ne ba su shiga ayyukan soji ba a lokacin da aka kashe su - ya sa yakin kisan gilla ya zama babban laifin yaki, mai yiwuwa ma laifi ne ga bil'adama, yayin da yake fadada kashewa. ƙarin mutane a cikin adadin ƙasashe masu tasowa.
A karkashin Shugaba Obama, yawan hare-haren dare a Afghanistan ya karu daga hare-hare 20 a kowane wata a watan Mayu 2009 zuwa sama da sama da 1,000 a kowane wata a watan Afrilun 2011, ta hanyar yin amfani da "binciken shafukan sada zumunta" na wayoyin salula da aka kama a hare-haren baya ko kuma kwace a gidajen yari don ƙirƙirar. jeri-jerin manufa masu tasowa koyaushe. Gareth Porter Inter Press Service ya yi nazari kan bayanan mutane 4,100 da aka kama a hare-haren dare a Afganistan a cikin watanni 6 a 2010 da 2011. Ya gano cewa kashi 86 cikin 14 ne aka saki nan take ko kuma a karon farko da aka yi nazari kan shaidun da ake tuhumarsu da su. Jami'an Amurka kawai suna da hujjoji na gaske akan kashi 86 na fursunonin nasu. Ana amfani da hanyoyi iri ɗaya don samar da jerin abubuwan da aka yi niyya don "kashe" kamar yadda ayyukan "kama". To shin kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na mutanen da aka kashe a hare-haren dare su ma ba su da wani laifi?
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa fararen hula 80 ne kawai aka kashe a Afganistan a cikin "bincike da kwace" a cikin 2010, tare da kusan 2,000 da ake kira "'yan tawaye." Sai dai adadin fararen hula 80 da suka mutu ya samo asali ne sakamakon wasu al'amura 13 da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi cikakken bincike a kai, yayin da wasu 60 ke ci gaba da jiran bincike. Nader Nadery na Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam mai zaman kanta ta Afganistan ya yi kiyasin cewa a karshe Majalisar Dinkin Duniya za ta sake duba adadin mutuwar fararen hula kusan 420 idan da kuma lokacin da ta warware wannan koma-baya.
Amma har yanzu wannan zai zama ƙarancin ƙiyasin mutuwar fararen hula a hare-haren dare. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba ta da damar shiga yankunan da ke fama da turjiya inda aka fi samun hare-haren dare, don haka ba ta samun rahoton ko kadan daga wadannan yankuna. Ko da cikakken nazarin duk abubuwan da suka faru da aka kai wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, saboda haka zai haifar da kaso kawai na ainihin adadin fararen hula da aka kashe. Tare da akalla kashi 50 cikin 2,000 na hare-haren da aka kai wa mutum ko gidan da bai dace ba, za a iya cewa fiye da rabin 'yan Afganistan 2010 da aka kashe a hare-haren dare a 2011, watakila fararen hula ne da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba, kuma ta'addancin da aka yi a shekarar XNUMX mai yiwuwa ya haddasa har ma mafi girma rabo na "karya tabbatacce."
Kisan Kisan Kai Tsaye
Idan aka yi ta kashe-kashe ta hanyar kai hare-hare ta sama, sun fi kashe mutanen da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba. Dangane da Zabet Amanullah, an kai masa hari gaba daya bisa "binciken hanyoyin sadarwar sada zumunta" na bayanan wayar salula, wadanda suka bata sunan Muhammad Amin, gwamnan inuwar Taliban na lardin Takhar. Jami'an Amurka sun yi zaton cewa Amin yana amfani da "Amanullah" a matsayin laƙabi, amma ba su ma damu ba don gano ko akwai wani mutum na gaske da ake kira Zabet Amanullah. Hakan zai kasance mai sauƙi, kasancewar Amanullah kwamandan da ya bar Taliban a shekara ta 2001 kuma ya zama sanannen mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil adama a Kabul. Amma "binciken social network" baya hada da yiwa mutane tambayoyi a duniyar gaske. Idan bayanan wayar salularku sun yi daidai da wasu sharudda, za a yanke muku hukuncin kisa, tare da duk wanda ke da “laifi ta kusanci.”
An bai wa William Arkin damar shiga cibiyar hada-hadar jiragen sama da sararin samaniyar Amurka a Qatar kuma an ba shi damar kallon harin da aka kai kan wani da ake zargin shugaban ‘yan adawar da ake kira Baz Mohammed Faizan a Afghanistan. Wata tawaga a Qatar ta dauki wani mataki na ba da umarnin kai farmakin jiragen yaki na A-10 Warthog guda biyu dauke da bama-baman fam 500 daga Bagram Airbase. Jami'ai sun yi bayanin cewa bam din fam 1,000 da aka yi a wani jirgin da ke kusa ya yi girma da yawa kuma zai kashe fararen hula da yawa, yayin da makami mai linzami na Hellfire mai nauyin fam 150 a kan jirgin Predator maras matuki da ke bin Faizan cikin sauki zai iya yin kuskure - da yawa don harin "daidai".
A-10s na Sojojin saman Amurka an tsara su kuma an gina su a cikin 1970s da farkon 1980 don amfani da tankunan Soviet. Babban makamin su shi ne igwa da General Electric ya kera wanda ke harba harsashi mai girman milimita 30 na sulke a cikin dakika 65. Da yake kallon A-10s a aikace a kan masu saka idanu na TV a Qatar, Arkin ya ga daya daga cikinsu ya jefa bam sannan ya zagaya don wucewa ta biyu kuma ya mamaye yankin gaba daya da ruwan wuta daga tankinsa mai fashewa.
Arkin ya bayyana kaduwarsa cewa wannan yajin aikin na ''daidai'' ya rikide zuwa kisan gilla. Wani jami’in Amurka cikin gaggawa ya gaya masa cewa, ba a ba da izini ba, da zarar an kai hari, jami’an kula da jiragen sama na JSOC da ke kasa sun dauki nauyin gudanar da aikin. Arkin ya gano wani ƙazanta ɗan sirrin ayyukan JSOC. Duk matakan kariya da manazarta, jami’an JAG, da manyan jami’ai suka yi na yin amfani da karfin da ya dace wajen tsare-tsare ya daina aiki da zarar an fara gudanar da ayyukan.
Duk da wannan wuce gona da iri da kuma amfani da karfin tuwo, daga baya wani jami’in ya nuna wa Arkin wata takarda daga hukumar leken asirin Amurka ta CIA wanda ya tabbatar da cewa Faizan ya yi tafiya da ransa a karshen harin. Da alama bai bayyanawa Arkin adadin mutanen da ta kashe da raunata ko nawa daga cikinsu fararen hula ne ba.
Lasisin Kisa Ba tare da La'akari ba
Amma mafi girman makamin da ake amfani da shi wajen kashe-kashen Amurka shi ne jirgin mara matuki. A cikin shekaru 10, ayyukan Predator da Reaper marasa matuka sun fito daga wani shiri na gwaji a sansanin sojojin saman Nellis da ke Las Vegas da wasu wuraren tashi sama a Iraki da Afghanistan zuwa wurare 60 a Amurka da duniya, inda daruruwan makamai masu linzami- CIA, Sojan Sama na Amurka, da ma'aikatan Tsaron Sama da kuma "'yan kwangila" ne ke sarrafa jiragen da bama-bamai da aka yi amfani da su.
Gwamnatin Obama ta fadada yakin da hukumar leken asiri ta CIA ke yi a Pakistan daga hare-hare 42 a karkashin Bush zuwa hare-hare 241 tun daga shekarar 2009. Sun kashe tsakanin mutane 1,700 da 2,700, wadanda akalla kashi 90 cikin XNUMX fararen hula ne, a cewar 'yan jaridun Pakistan da kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama. Da'awar Amurka na ƙarancin mutuwar farar hula babu shakka ta lalace ta hanyar “ƙaryace.”
A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2010, Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman kan kisan gilla, Philip Alston, ya ba da wannan sanarwa ta diflomasiyya amma mai cin zarafi: “Kisan gillar da aka yi niyya na haifar da babban kalubale ga tsarin dokokin kasa da kasa, yayin da ake kara amfani da su a cikin yanayi da suka saba wa abin da ya dace. Dokokin dokokin kasa da kasa… Mafi yawan masu amfani da kashe-kashen da aka yi niyya a yau ita ce Amurka, wacce ke amfani da jirage marasa matuka wajen kai hare-hare… wannan tabbataccen tabbaci amma rashin siffanta lasisin kisa ba tare da alhaki ba ba hakki bane wanda Amurka ko wasu jihohi za su iya samu. ba tare da yin mummunar illa ga dokokin da aka ƙera don kare haƙƙin rai da hana aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ba…
“Amurka ta gabatar da sabon ka’idar cewa akwai ‘dokar 9/11’ wacce ta ba ta damar yin amfani da karfi bisa doka a yankin wasu jihohi a matsayin wani bangare na hakkinta na kare kai bisa ga cewa ta yi. yana cikin rikici da makamai da al-Qaeda, Taliban da kuma 'dakaru masu alaka,' ko da yake kungiyar ta baya tana da ruwa da tsaki kuma ba a bayyana ba. Wannan fayyace fayyace kuma budaddiyar fassarar ‘yancin kariyar kai yana da nisa wajen ruguza haramcin amfani da makami da ke kunshe a cikin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.”
Amma jirage marasa matuka sun cika muhimman manufofin siyasa ga masu tsara manufofin Amurka. Manufar yakin Amurka tun shekara ta 1945 ta kasance ne ta hanyar neman kawo kisa da halaka a wasu kasashe ba tare da samun koma baya na siyasa ba daga yawan mutanen da Amurka ta kashe. Rasuwar kasashen waje, hatta na fararen hular da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba, ba su da lahani a siyasance fiye da ƴan adadin da Amurka ta kashe.
Dokokin haɗin gwiwar Amurka ba bisa ka'ida ba suna nuna waɗannan abubuwan da suka fi dacewa, suna ba da izini wuce kima da amfani da ƙarfi cikin sha'awar "kariyar ƙarfi." Sakamakon haka, mutuwar Amurkawa 6,400 a Iraki da Afganistan, da wuya ya kasance kashi goma cikin goma na adadin Amurkawan da suka rasa a Vietnam, duk da cewa an kashe 'yan Iraki da Afghanistan fiye da miliyan daya. A cikin kididdigar zubar da jini na siyasar Amurka, rage yawan mutuwar Amurkawa ya rage farashin siyasa na yaki kuma ya sanya shi zama mafi aminci ga masu tsara manufofi. Yin amfani da jirage marasa matuki na samar da wata hanya mai ban sha'awa ta siyasa don yin yaƙi, tare da ƙaddamar da makamai masu ƙarfi a kan mutane a ƙasa ba tare da haɗarin kashe Amurkawa kwata-kwata ba. Masu kera drone a halin yanzu suna da oda don wasu matsakaita da manyan jirage marasa matuki 730.
Manufofin Yaƙin Amurka da aka sake fasalin
Kamfen na "kisan kisa" na Amurka da kuma yakin NATO a Libya hanyoyi biyu ne na manufofin yakin Amurka da aka yi wa kwaskwarima bayan gazawar da ta yi a Afghanistan da Iraki. A Libya, NATO ta kai hare-hare 9,700 ta iska a cikin watanni 8, yakin da aka fi mayar da hankali a ko'ina tun lokacin da Iraki a 2003. Matsayin Amurka ya kasance "ba a ɓoye, shiru, ba tare da watsa labaru ba," ko da yake ya ba da kashi biyu bisa uku na ma'aikatan NATO. rabin jiragen sama, kusan dukkan jirage marasa matuka da makami mai linzami, kuma a hukumance sun kashe kudi fiye da yadda Burtaniya ta yi.
An kebe kimar jama'a ga 'yan tawayen Libya. An lulluɓe rawar da sojojin Burtaniya, Faransa, Jordan, da Qatar suka taka a ƙasa a ɓoye. A lokacin da Dakarun Qatar na musamman suka tarwatsa kan hanyarsu ta shiga harabar Gaddafi da ke birnin Tripoli, duniya ta ga 'yan kasar Libya ne kawai suke murna. A karkashin dokar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kare fararen hula, kungiyar tsaro ta NATO ta yi wa fararen hula kawanya, da yunwa, da jefa bama-bamai da harba makamai masu linzami na Sirte da Bani Walid sama da wata guda, lamarin da ya sa su da sauran garuruwa suka zama kango. Yakin NATO ya fi kashe ‘yan kasar Libya cikin watanni takwas fiye da yadda Kanar Gaddafi ya kashe a cikin shekaru 42. Sabuwar gwamnatin ta yi kiyasin cewa an kashe mutane 25,000 a yakin. Wasu ƙididdiga sun kai 50,000. Wannan ya fi yawan mace-mace fiye da sauran juyin juya halin Larabawa a hade, dalili ne mai kyau ga jama'a a ko'ina su zabi juyin juya hali ba tare da tashin hankali ba kan tsoma bakin Amurka ko NATO idan suna da wani zabi a cikin lamarin. Gwamnatin Obama ta gudanar da yakin baki daya ba tare da izini daga Majalisa ba wanda ya saba wa dokar Amurka.
Gwamnatin Obama ta dogara da karfinta da kuma amfani da karfi na duniya akan Izinin Amfani da Sojoji (AUMF) da Majalisa ta amince da shi a 2001. AUMF ta bai wa shugaban kasa ikon yin amfani da "dukkan da ake bukata da kuma karfin da ya dace a kan wadancan kasashe, kungiyoyi. ko kuma mutanen da ya yanke shawarar "shirya, izini, aikatawa ko taimakawa" laifukan ta'addanci na Satumba 11, 2001 a Amurka.
Kamar yadda John Bellinger, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a na gwamnatin Bush na gwamnatin Bush, ya bayyana wa Washington Post a cikin watan Yunin 2010, akasarin mutanen da gwamnatin Obama ke hari ba su da alaka da laifukan ta'addanci na 2001, don haka Obama ba shi da hurumi a karkashin dokokin Amurka kan galibin wadannan ayyuka.
Domin kuwa shugaba Obama bai taka kara ya karya ba wajen dakatar da keta dokokin Amurka da na kasa da kasa da gwamnatinsa ke yi, da kuma dorawa jami'an Amurka hukunci, kasancewar Amurka cikin jerin laifukan kasa da kasa na ci gaba da sa ido a kai, lamarin da ya haifar da sabbin laifukan yaki wanda shi da sauran mukarrabansa ke da alhakin aikata laifuka. . Nisa daga "birni mai haske a kan tudu," keɓancewar Amurkawa ya kai mu ga makabarta a cikin wani kwari mai duhu. Dole ne Amurkawa su yarda da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa iri ɗaya, yarjejeniyoyin, da ƙa'idodi na yin lissafi a matsayin maƙwabtanmu na “masu banbance-banbance” idan har za mu taɓa karya rugujewar kisa na sabon tsarin mulkin Amurka kuma mu fara juyowa zuwa al’umma mai wadata, ɗorewa, da zaman lafiya.
Z
Nicolas JS Davies shine marubucin Blood On Our Hands: Ƙasar Amirka da Rushewar Iraq (Littattafan Nimble).
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