Porto Alegre ba daidai ba ne birni na duniya na uku. Yana cikin ɗaya daga cikin jihohin Brazil masu wadata, Rio Grande do Sul, kuma yawancin jama'ar Turai ne ke zaune, wannan birni mai mutane miliyan 1.2 shine Duniya ta Farko idan ana maganar ababen more rayuwa da ayyukan zamantakewa. A haƙiƙa, tana kusa da mafi girman ma'aunin "ingantacciyar rayuwa" ta ƙasar.
"Wani Duniya Mai yiwuwa ne"
Duk da haka Porto Alegre, shafin yanar gizon Duniya na Zamantakewa (WSF) a bara da kuma wannan shekara, ya zama ma'anar ruhin motsin da ke ci gaba da haɓaka haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni. Bisa taken “Wata duniya mai yiwuwa ne,” ana sa ran mutane 70,000 za su yi tururuwa zuwa wannan birni na bakin teku daga ranar 31 ga Janairu zuwa 4 ga Fabrairu. Wannan adadi ya kusan sau shida idan aka kwatanta da na bara.
Masunta daga Indiya, manoma daga Gabashin Afirka, ƴan ƙungiyar ƙwadago daga Thailand, ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka ta tsakiya za su kasance cikin waɗanda ke kan hanyar zuwa Porto Alegre. Amma kuma za a sami ɗimbin ɗimbin jama'a daga ƙasashen Arewa.
Kuma wurin zai sami tagomashi daga mutane waɗanda suka zo don misalta bambance-bambancen motsi na adawa da haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni - a tsakanin sauran, mai fafutuka-mai tunani Noam Chomsky, masanin ilimin kimiyyar mata na Indiya Vandana Shiva, mai ba da shawara ga jama'ar Kanada Maude Barlow, da Samir Amin dan kasar Masar.
Komawa zuwa Davos
Taron dandalin zamantakewar al'umma na duniya ya fito a matsayin wani mataki na gaba ga taron tattalin arzikin duniya, taron shekara-shekara na taron jama'a na duniya a Davos, Switzerland.
Haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin farar hula na Brazil da Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata da ke iko da Porto Alegre da jihar Rio Grande do Sul ne suka gabatar da shawarar, ra'ayin ya haifar da gagarumin goyon bayan kasa da kasa daga kungiyoyi irin su Le Monde Diplomatique na wata-wata na Faransa da Attac, mai tasiri a Turai. kungiya mai fadi da ke tallafawa haraji kan hada-hadar kudi ta duniya.
Har ila yau, ta sami tallafin kuɗi daga masu ba da gudummawa masu ci gaba kamar Novib, Ƙungiyar Haɗin gwiwar Ci gaban Ƙasashen Duniya na Netherlands.
Ƙaddamar da wannan makamashi, an haɗa WSF na farko a cikin rikodin lokaci na watanni takwas.
Muhawarar da aka watsa ta hanyar Atlantika tsakanin wakilan WSF da wasu masu haske da ke halartar WEF ne jaridar Financial Times ta zarge shi a matsayin karo tsakanin taurari biyu, na manyan duniya da na ɗimbin jama'a.
Abin da ya fi tunawa da wannan arangama ya zo ne lokacin da Hebe de Bonafini, wakilin kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Argentina Madres de la Plaza de Mayo, ya yi wa mai kudi George Soros tsawa a fadin Tekun Atlantika: “Mr. Soros, kai munafuki ne. Mutuwar yara nawa kuke da alhakinsa."
Tun lokacin ganawar farko da hannun jarin WSF ya karu yayin da na WEF ya fadi. Tuni aka sanya tsaro a matsayin taro don "tattauna yadda za a ci gaba da kasancewa a kan sauran mu," kamar yadda daya daga cikin masu muhawara a bangaren WSF ya ce, WEF ta sami karin rauni lokacin da aka tilasta shi gudanar da taron 2002. daga Davos tun lokacin da gwamnatin Switzerland ba za ta iya ba da tabbacin tsaron mahalarta taronta ba.
Bayar da kariya ga WEF 2001 ya tilastawa gwamnati gudanar da ayyukanta na tsaro mafi girma tun bayan yakin duniya na biyu, kuma hakan ya haifar da kukan rashin amincewa daga cikin kasar Switzerland.
Don haka, WEF ta ƙaura zuwa New York don 2002, kuma ba a bayyana lokacin da kuma ko za ta koma Davos ba. Amma kamar yadda masu lura da al'amuran suka nuna, babban ɓangare na jan hankali na WEF shine "yanayin yanayi" na Davos a matsayin koma baya a cikin Alps na Swiss. Idan ba tare da wannan ba, an nufi ga mantuwa.
Babban jigon taron na wannan shekara a Porto Alegre shine cikakken zama na 26 na tsawon kwanaki hudu da aka tsara a kusa da jigogi hudu: "samar da dukiya da haifuwar jama'a," "samun arziki da ci gaba mai dorewa," "kungiyoyin jama'a da kuma fage na jama'a. " da "ikon siyasa da ɗabi'a a cikin sabuwar al'umma."
A kewayen wannan jigon za a buɗe tarurrukan karawa juna sani, kotun jama'a kan basussuka da Jubilee ta Kudu ke ɗaukar nauyinta, da kuma bita kusan 5,000. Ana kuma sa ran gudanar da zanga-zanga da zanga-zangar ma'aikata da manoma, karkashin jagorancin gungun jama'a na Brazil CUT (Central Union of Workers) da MST (Movement of the Landless) wadanda ke cikin manyan masu shirya WSF.
Shekarar Hatsaniya
Dakarun masu adawa da gwamnati sun hallara a Porto Alegre bayan shekara guda da tashe-tashen hankula. Watakila mai fafutukar yaki da duniya ya zo ne a yayin taron rukuni na takwas a Genoa a mako na uku na watan Yuli, lokacin da wasu mutane 300,000 suka yi zanga-zangar fuskantar hare-haren hayaki mai sa hawaye na 'yan sanda. Jim kadan bayan rikicin na Genoa, inda 'yan sanda suka kashe wani mai zanga-zanga, an yi ta yada jita-jita a jaridun duniya cewa ba za a iya yin taron manyan mutane a kasashen da ba na gwamnati ba a nan gaba.
Kuma hakika, tayin Kanada na gudanar da taron G-8 na gaba a wani wurin shakatawa mai tsayi a cikin Rockies na Kanada a lardin Alberta da alama ya tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa manyan duniya suna kan gudu daga dimokuradiyyar tituna. .
Sai kuma ranar 11 ga Satumba, wanda ya dakatar da wani motsi a cikin sahun sa. A karshen watan Satumba mai zuwa ne ya kamata a yi wani babban arangama tsakanin kafa da masu adawa da ita a birnin Washington, DC, yayin taron faduwar bankin duniya da asusun lamuni na duniya na shekara-shekara.
Ba tare da fargabar yiwuwar gudanar da zanga-zangar mako guda da ake sa ran za ta jawo mutane kusan 50,000 ba, tagwayen Bretton Woods sun yi amfani da gigicewar da aka yi a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba don soke ganawar tasu. Ba tare da manufa da kuma kula da canjin teku a cikin yanayin ƙasa a Amurka ba, masu shirya zanga-zangar sun soke zanga-zangar kuma sun gudanar da wani tattaki na neman zaman lafiya a maimakon haka.
Kafuwar ya biyo bayan damar da ba zato ba tsammani na sauya rikicin halascin da ya dabaibaye tsarin mulkinta na duniya kafin ranar 11 ga watan Satumba ta hanyar matsawa kasashe masu tasowa lamba don amincewa da sanarwar kaddamar da wani takaitaccen tsari na shawarwarin kasuwanci a lokacin taron ministoci na hudu na duniya. Kungiyar Kasuwanci (WTO) a Doha, Qatar, a tsakiyar Nuwamba.
An gaya wa gwamnatocin duniya na uku cewa, sai dai idan ba su amince da tattaunawar da za ta kai ga samar da ‘yanci ba, to dole ne su dauki alhakin tabarbarewar koma bayan tattalin arziki a duniya, wanda harin cibiyar kasuwanci ta duniya ya kara ruruwa.
Ba tare da yin wata dama ba, sakatariyar WTO da masarautar Qatar sun yi aiki don takaita adadin halaltattun kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke halartar taron zuwa kusan sittin. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa, gagarumin zanga-zangar da aka yi a titunan birnin Seattle, wanda ya kasance wani lamari ne da ya zama mahallin shahararriyar tawaye na kasashe masu tasowa a Cibiyar Taro ta Sheraton, ba ta halarta a Doha ba, kuma a cikin wannan yanayi, 'yan adawa na kasashe masu tasowa sun rushe.
Juyawar arziki
Da a ce an gudanar da taron na WSF a ƙarshen Nuwamba ko Disamba, da yanayin mutanen da ke zuwa ya bambanta. Da gwamnatin Bush ta kasance tana hawa sama bayan mummunan nasarar da ta samu a Afghanistan. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan makonnin da suka gabata, tarihi, wayo kamar yadda aka saba, ya yi wa Washington bugu biyu masu yawa: tabarbarewar Enron da durkushewar tattalin arzikin Argentina.
Enron ya zama alama mara kyau na gaurayawan rugujewa da cin hanci da rashawa wanda ya kori "Sabon Tattalin Arziki" na Amurka a cikin 1990's kuma ya taimaka ya kai shi ga abin da zai yiwu koma bayan tattalin arziki mafi muni a duniya tun daga 1930's.
An ɗora nauyin bashin dalar Amurka biliyan 140 da ba za a iya biya ba, masana'antarta a cikin hargitsi, da 2,000 na al'ummarta da ke faɗowa ƙarƙashin layin talauci a kowace rana, Argentina ta zama labari mai gargaɗi game da bala'in da ke jiran waɗannan ƙasashen da ke ɗaukar shawarar neman sassaucin ra'ayi don 'yantar da su. tattalin arziki.
Yayin da WSF ke buɗewa, waɗannan tagwayen bala'o'i sun dawo tare da ramuwar gayya ga manyan mashahuran duniya kafin 11 ga Satumba. Porto Alegre yana ba da cikakken rukunin yanar gizon da kuma lokacin da ya dace don yaƙi da sojojin da suka yi imanin cewa "wani duniya mai yiwuwa ne."
*Dr. Walden Bello shi ne babban darektan cibiyar siyasa da bayar da shawarwari ta cibiyar Focus on Global South kuma farfesa a fannin zamantakewa da gudanar da jama'a a Jami'ar Philippines.